音頻鏈接：喜馬拉雅｜時(shí)間管理100講

英文鏈接：Clear your mind with 4D principle

In our last lesson, we learned about working from the bottom up and how doing this will create more time for you later.

在上一節(jié)我們講到了“自下而上是關(guān)鍵"這一重要的原則。

The bottom-up means working on important and urgent problems first before working on important non-urgent problems before working on non-important matters.

大家可能不一定太清楚地知道：什么是自下而上？其實(shí)就是從重要緊急到重要不緊急。

Let me give you an example to help you visualize what this means.

那我今天首先來舉一個(gè)例子：

Suppose that you are the air traffic control commander at Beijing Capital International Airport and you are responsible for directing flight traffic.? In your position, what do you think is your most important goal?

假設(shè)你是北京首都機(jī)場(chǎng)管制塔上的指揮官，你首先會(huì)關(guān)心什么呢？

You’re absolutely right… your first and primary concern is to ensure that the airplanes leaving the runway into the air and others landing onto the runway do not crash into each other.? This is your primary concern. If fail this primary goal, people will die.? This is your most important and urgent goal.

我相信，你一定會(huì)首先關(guān)心，對(duì)你來說最緊急最重要的事情，是跑道上的飛機(jī)，以及天空中即將要下降的飛機(jī)。一個(gè)即將下降，一個(gè)即將起飛，這是你首先要管控，如果你不管控這部分，機(jī)場(chǎng)就會(huì)出很大的亂子。

There are also secondary urgent matters. Then, what is secondary? It means that the matter is important but not the most important thing.

同樣，你的生活中也有很多近期的緊急事件。那什么是近期呢？近到今天。當(dāng)然，期限也會(huì)因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)人的掌控能力不一樣，有所不同。

As commander of the control tower, you control a complex multi-layered system.? On the top and most important layer, the planes must depart and land in the right order safely.

一個(gè)塔臺(tái)的指揮官，是通過系統(tǒng)、團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)機(jī)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行管控。當(dāng)他獲得了對(duì)跑道和天空飛機(jī)的管控，并知曉一切就緒時(shí)，他就會(huì)擴(kuò)大視角。

First, you will want to focus on the airplanes departing the runway and lifting into the sky.? This is most important because the planes descending from the sky cannot land unless there are open runways and parking spaces.

他就開始管控在機(jī)場(chǎng)停機(jī)坪上的正在準(zhǔn)備推出跑道的飛機(jī)：是不是一切正常......

By focusing on the immediately urgent and most important first, can you see departing planes will create the space that arriving planes need to land on?? If you reversed the order and focused on the opportunity that was urgent but not important, then you would have created less space not more as landing planes would need to find what little available space they could.

同時(shí)，還有天上未來幾十分鐘要降落的飛機(jī)情況，這是他管控的第二層。

Also, as air control commander, you cannot focus on planes leaving and arriving 2 hours from now if you must attend to traffic congestion and confusion that is currently taking place on the runway.? But, if you free up this space by taking care of the important matters first – that is the departing planes and then landing the arriving planes and you do this in an efficient matter, you will create time for yourself – time that can used to plan for future planes to arrive and depart efficiently.

如果跑道、停機(jī)坪以及天上更遠(yuǎn)的飛機(jī)都能夠獲得掌控，那他就會(huì)考慮得更遠(yuǎn)的：一個(gè)小時(shí)、兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后......

Your ability to control the activities of the airport greatly increase if you work in an organized and logical fashion focusing on what is important and what is right in front of you first.

管控的面逐步在擴(kuò)大。

As this clears, you can begin to focus on other secondary matters that are still very important.?

他要知道未來機(jī)場(chǎng)上空的天氣，以及周邊高速公路的堵車情況......

However, as you are focusing on this non-urgent important matter, you still have planes landing and departing that you must be aware of.

他還要看到世界各地飛來北京飛機(jī)狀況，會(huì)怎么樣？會(huì)引發(fā)暴增嗎？

In your life, just like in the airport, you must first identify and control urgent and important matters.

那人生也是這樣，你必須首先管控當(dāng)天對(duì)你來說是最緊急最重要的事務(wù)。

Only after you eliminate these important urgent matters will you be capable of completing this essential important but non-urgent matters.? Can you see it?

當(dāng)你把這些消滅掉，然后你才有機(jī)會(huì)去做重要不緊急的。

So, in order to live in the second quadrant--- those important but non-urgent matters mentioned in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, we need first to deal with important and urgent matters in front of us.

所以，我們?yōu)榱四軌蜃屪约夯钤凇陡咝苋耸?個(gè)習(xí)慣》提及的：做第二象限---重要不緊急的事，那我們首先要去處理重要并緊急的事情。

What do you do with urgent but unimportant matters? These are the 80% that Peter Drucker told us we should delegate or simply remove them.? If they are unimportant they do no need to be completed.

當(dāng)然還有緊急不重要的事，彼得·德魯克告訴我們80%可以丟棄不做或者通過委托。這個(gè)大的架構(gòu)我們要先建立。

It is impossible for you to skip important and urgent matters and instead focus on the important non-urgent matters.? You cannot let plans land unless you first let planes depart into the sky and make the space available for the other planes to land.? In the same way, you cannot focus on those important non-urgent matters until you make the energy and the space available for you to work on them first.

不能說，我們要關(guān)注重要不緊急，就把重要緊急的丟掉。這不可能，你也做不到。

So work from the bottom up – from the runways to the sky, from the important and urgent to the important and non-urgent.

所以說，我們要遵奉的是，從跑道再到高空順序，即自下而上的原則。

Let’s focus on what methods we can use to focus on these important and unimportant urgent matters. How can we eliminate these quickly?

現(xiàn)在的焦點(diǎn)是，要想辦法如何去解決掉重要緊急的事務(wù)。現(xiàn)在，來談一談如何做眼下重要緊急的事務(wù)以及緊急不重要的事務(wù)，如何快速把它們消滅掉？

There are four possibilities:

有4個(gè)方案：

*Do it yourself；

你完成它；

* Delegate it to others；

你委托別人完成；

*Delay and do it later；

你推遲它、擱置以后再說；

*Delete it.

你刪除它。

This is 4D principle. Do.? Delegate.? Delay.? Delete.

這就是4D原則，第一個(gè)“D”是Do（做），第二個(gè)“D”是Delegate（委托），第三個(gè)"D"是Delay（推遲），第四個(gè)“D”是Delete（刪除）。

The order is important.? First do what is most important and urgent yourself.? If something is important but not urgent, consider delegating them to others.

眼下對(duì)你來說哪些是相對(duì)比較重要的，你就要去執(zhí)行；重要性不夠的，你可以委托他人完成；

For tasks that are unimportant and non-urgent, delay these.

相對(duì)不重要不緊急的你就推遲，擱置以后再說；

And if something is really unimportant, delay these.

真的是不重要的，你就刪除掉。

So you have your gameplan.? Do.? Delegate.? Delay.? Delete.? The question becomes, which tasks get which D?? Which are your important urgent matters and which are not important?

這其實(shí)是對(duì)事情進(jìn)行分類處理。

To do so, you must integrate everything we’ve learned so far.

你如何能夠快速地對(duì)事情進(jìn)行分類呢，你就要結(jié)合我們之前課程所講到的：

First collect all of your tasks and assemble in one place – a place called your inbox.

你要把大腦里的所有事務(wù)，都收集到你的收件箱當(dāng)中，這個(gè)收件箱指的是什么呢？

The Inbox is a central location where you collect all of the tasks no matter how important or unimportant or how urgent or not urgent.It can be on paper using paper or pen.? It can be on an Android or iPhone app.? It can be on your computer.?

這個(gè)收件箱，指的是紙筆或者手機(jī)的app，無論是安卓、蘋果都有大量的這樣的app，電腦上也有。

The simplest form is of course paper.

最簡(jiǎn)單的，那今天你可以先試試看：你把大腦里的所有事務(wù)用一張紙寫下來。

Only after you have written all of your tasks down, can you begin classify them according to 4D principle. If you can’t write all of them down in one place at one time, you won’t be able to determine which is truly most important and urgent......

當(dāng)你能夠把它們寫下來，你才有機(jī)會(huì)去分類，然后按照4D原則處理。如果你不能把它們寫下來，留在你的大腦里，可能有很多是更遠(yuǎn)期的事情，有的可能是你過去的事情，有的可能是你的點(diǎn)子......

And only after you have included all of the tasks can you properly select critical few items that deserve special attention to planning – these important non-urgent tasks.

當(dāng)你不能把它們寫下來并作出分類，就無法挑選，也不可能完成眼下的這些緊急或者重要的事。你也就更沒有可能關(guān)注未來那些重要不緊急的事務(wù)。

So, in summary, there are two important conclusions from today’s lesson:

所以，我們今天的總結(jié)是兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵：

*Assemble all of the tasks and responsibilities in your brain into one place, your inbox;

要把所有大腦里的內(nèi)容收集下來；

*Classify them as one of the 4Ds: Do, Delegate, Delay and Delete.

在簡(jiǎn)單分類之后，用4D原則處理：執(zhí)行、推遲、委托、刪除。