? ? 在Python中令人最令人頭疼的問(wèn)題之一就是Python版本的問(wèn)題,Python 2.7 和Python 3.x存在一些沖突。尤其當(dāng)安裝Numpy包時(shí),如果存在沖突,會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的麻煩。
? ?PyCharm是一款優(yōu)秀的Python IDE,但是PyCharm在包和版本管理上,實(shí)現(xiàn)較為麻煩。更好的方法是,采用專門(mén)的環(huán)境管理軟件Anaconda。本文就是在Pycharm 的基礎(chǔ)上,利用Anaconda實(shí)現(xiàn)。
一 軟件下載、安裝
Python PyCharm不再贅述
Anaconda:其官方網(wǎng)速過(guò)慢,我們從清華鏡像中下載,其中有兩個(gè)版本 .pkg是GUI .sh需要用 command line 安裝
二 在Pycharm中配置Anaconda環(huán)境
PyCharm->Preferences->Project Interpreter->齒輪按鈕->add local->System Interpreter->User/Local/bin/Python 2.7
OJBK

三 Conda操作及簡(jiǎn)單指令
安裝完Conda之后,在terminal中鍵入 Conda之后可以查看簡(jiǎn)單介紹,如下所示
clean? ? ? ? Remove unused packages and caches.
? ? config? ? ? Modify configuration values in .condarc. This is modeled
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? after the git config command. Writes to the user .condarc
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? file (/Users/yajungu/.condarc) by default.
? ? create? ? ? Create a new conda environment from a list of specified
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? packages.
? ? help? ? ? ? Displays a list of available conda commands and their help
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? strings.
? ? info? ? ? ? Display information about current conda install.
? ? install? ? ? Installs a list of packages into a specified conda
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? environment.
? ? list? ? ? ? List linked packages in a conda environment.
? ? package? ? ? Low-level conda package utility. (EXPERIMENTAL)
? ? remove? ? ? Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
? ? uninstall? ? Alias for conda remove. See conda remove --help.
? ? search? ? ? Search for packages and display associated information. The
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? input is a MatchSpec, a query language for conda packages.
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? See examples below.
? ? update? ? ? Updates conda packages to the latest compatible version. This
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? command accepts a list of package names and updates them to
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? the latest versions that are compatible with all other
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? packages in the environment. Conda attempts to install the
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? newest versions of the requested packages. To accomplish
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? this, it may update some packages that are already installed,
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? or install additional packages. To prevent existing packages
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? from updating, use the --no-update-deps option. This may
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? force conda to install older versions of the requested
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? packages, and it does not prevent additional dependency
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? packages from being installed. If you wish to skip dependency
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? checking altogether, use the '--force' option. This may
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? result in an environment with incompatible packages, so this
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? option must be used with great caution.
? ? upgrade? ? ? Alias for conda update. See conda update --help.
optional arguments:
? -h, --help? ? Show this help message and exit.
? -V, --version? Show the conda version number and exit.
應(yīng)用舉例:
(1)創(chuàng)建Python 3.6的版本,取名為 py36:
conda create -n py36 python=3.6
(2)刪除環(huán)境
conda remove -n py36 --all
?(3)激活環(huán)境
source activate py36
?(4)激活環(huán)境 退出環(huán)境
source deactivate
如果你安裝的是GUI版本,你可以簡(jiǎn)單的利用圖形界面操作,不推薦,我嘗試多次沒(méi)有成功
四 解決HTTP 000
創(chuàng)建環(huán)境過(guò)程中,可能會(huì)出現(xiàn) HTTP 000 error的問(wèn)題
Fetching package metadata .......
CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url
Elapsed: -
An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.
ConnectTimeout(MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='nanomirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn'
原因就是鏈接不到Conda的官網(wǎng)
解決方案:沒(méi)錯(cuò),依然利用清華鏡像
具體步驟,terminal下
(1)添加清華鏡像
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
(2)查看配置文件中的內(nèi)容
channels:
? - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
? - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
? - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
? - https://nanomirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
? - defaults
除了四個(gè)鏡像之外,還存在一個(gè)Defaults,error就是由它引起的,刪除這一條
(3)利用vim刪除defaults
vim ~/.condarc?
選擇 e進(jìn)入編輯模式 :
鍵入 i 進(jìn)行編輯,刪除 “-Defaults”
esc退出編輯
:wq保存退出
OK問(wèn)題解決!