前言
在實(shí)際的開發(fā)中通常需要 Flutter 調(diào)用 Native 的功能,或者 Native 調(diào)用 Flutter 的功能
它們之間的通信主要是通過 Platform Channel 來實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 主要有 3 種 channel :
- MethodChannel 用于傳遞方法調(diào)用
- EventChannel 用于數(shù)據(jù)流(event streams)的通信
- BasicMessageChannel 用于傳遞字符串和半結(jié)構(gòu)化的信息
下圖以 MethodChannel 為例, 展示了 Flutter 和 Native 之間的消息傳遞:

為了應(yīng)用的流暢度, 能夠及時(shí)響應(yīng)用戶的操作, Flutter 和 Native 之間消息和響應(yīng)的傳遞都是異步的, 但是調(diào)用 channel api 的時(shí)候需要在 主線程 中調(diào)用
Platform Channel 支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型
Platform Channel 通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的消息編解碼器來為我們?cè)?發(fā)送 和 接收 數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)自動(dòng) 序列化 和 反序列化
編解碼支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型有:
| Dart | Android | iOS |
|---|---|---|
| null | null | nil (NSNull when nested) |
| bool | java.lang.Boolean | NSNumber numberWithBool: |
| int | java.lang.Integer | NSNumber numberWithInt: |
| int(if 32 bits not enough) | java.lang.Long | NSNumber numberWithLong: |
| double | java.lang.Double | NSNumber numberWithDouble: |
| String | java.lang.String | NSString |
| Uint8List | byte[] | FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithBytes: |
| Int32List | int[] | FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithInt32: |
| Int64List | long[] | FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithInt64: |
| Float64List | double[] | FlutterStandardTypedData typedDataWithFloat64: |
| List | java.util.ArrayList | NSArray |
| Map | java.util.HashMap | NSDictionary |
MethodChannel
以 Flutter 獲取 手機(jī)電量 為例, 在 Flutter 界面中要想獲取 Android/iOS 的電量, 首先要在 Native 編寫獲取電量的功能, 供 Flutter 來調(diào)用
Native 端代碼
public class MainActivity extends FlutterActivity {
private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example.flutter_battery/battery";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
GeneratedPluginRegistrant.registerWith(this);
new MethodChannel(getFlutterView(), CHANNEL).setMethodCallHandler(
(call, result) -> {
// 在主線程中執(zhí)行
if (call.method.equals("getBatteryLevel")) {
// 獲取電量
int batteryLevel = fetchBatteryLevel();
if (batteryLevel != -1) {
// 將電量返回給 Flutter 調(diào)用
result.success(batteryLevel);
} else {
result.error("UNAVAILABLE", "Battery level not available.", null);
}
} else {
result.notImplemented();
}
});
}
// 獲取電量的方法
private int fetchBatteryLevel() {
int batteryLevel;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
BatteryManager batteryManager = (BatteryManager) getSystemService(BATTERY_SERVICE);
batteryLevel = batteryManager.getIntProperty(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PROPERTY_CAPACITY);
} else {
Intent intent = new ContextWrapper(getApplicationContext()).
registerReceiver(null, new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED));
batteryLevel = (intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL, -1) * 100) /
intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE, -1);
}
return batteryLevel;
}
}
在 Native 代碼中, 我們新建了一個(gè) fetchBatteryLevel 函數(shù)來獲取電量, 然后 new 一個(gè) MethodChannel 對(duì)象
這里需要注意該構(gòu)造函數(shù)的第二個(gè)參數(shù) CHANNEL, 這個(gè)字符串在稍后的 Flutter 中也要用到
最后為 MethodChannel 設(shè)置函數(shù)調(diào)用處理器 MethodCallHandler, 也就是 Flutter 調(diào)用 Native 函數(shù)的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)這個(gè)MethodCallHandler
Flutter 端代碼
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
// 構(gòu)造函數(shù)參數(shù)就是上面 Android 的 CHANNEL 常量
static const methodChannelBattery = const MethodChannel('com.example.flutter_battery/battery');
String _batteryLevel = 'Unknown battery level.';
Future<void> _getBatteryLevel() async {
String batteryLevel;
try {
// invokeMethod('getBatteryLevel') 會(huì)回調(diào) MethodCallHandler
final int result = await methodChannelBattery.invokeMethod('getBatteryLevel');
batteryLevel = 'Battery level at $result % .';
} on PlatformException catch (e) {
batteryLevel = "Failed to get battery level: '${e.message}'.";
} on MissingPluginException catch (e) {
batteryLevel = "plugin undefined";
}
setState(() {
_batteryLevel = batteryLevel;
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Container(
margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 10, top: 10),
child: Center(
child: Column(
children: [
Row(
children: <Widget>[
RaisedButton(
child: Text(
'GetBatteryFromNative',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12),
),
onPressed: _getBatteryLevel,
),
Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.only(left: 10),
child: Text(_batteryLevel),
)
],
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
點(diǎn)擊 Flutter 界面上的按鈕就可以獲取到 Android 手機(jī)里的電量了:

MethodChannel 除了使用實(shí)現(xiàn) Flutter 調(diào)用 Native 函數(shù), 也可以 Native 調(diào)用 Flutter 函數(shù)
首先要在 Native 端調(diào)用 invokeMethod 方法, 指定你要調(diào)用哪個(gè) Flutter 方法:
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall call, MethodChannel.Result result) {
if (call.method.equals("getBatteryLevel")) {
int batteryLevel = fetchBatteryLevel();
if (batteryLevel != -1) {
result.success(batteryLevel);
} else {
result.error("UNAVAILABLE", "Battery level not available.", null);
}
} else {
result.notImplemented();
}
// Native 調(diào)用 Flutter 的 getFlutterContent 函數(shù)
channel.invokeMethod("getFlutterContent", null, new MethodChannel.Result() {
@Override
public void success(Object o) {
Log.e("BatteryPlugin", "Dart getFlutterContent() result : " + o);
}
@Override
public void error(String s, String s1, Object o) {
Log.e("BatteryPlugin", "Dart getFlutterContent() error : " + s);
}
@Override
public void notImplemented() {
Log.e("BatteryPlugin", "Dart getFlutterContent() notImplemented");
}
});
}
然后在 Flutter 中設(shè)置 MethodChannel 的 MethodCallHandler, 也就是說 Native 調(diào)用了 invokeMethod 方法后, Flutter 怎么處理:
void initState() {
super.initState();
methodChannelBattery.setMethodCallHandler(batteryCallHandler);
}
Future<dynamic> batteryCallHandler(MethodCall call) async {
switch (call.method) {
case "getFlutterContent":
return "This is FlutterContent";
}
}
上面代碼的主要意思是, 當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊按鈕調(diào)用 Native 里的函數(shù)獲取電量, 然后在 Native 中立馬調(diào)用 Flutter 中的 getFlutterContent 函數(shù)
然后控制臺(tái)就會(huì)輸出, 我們從 Flutter getFlutterContent() 的返回值:
Dart getFlutterContent() result : This is FlutterContent
EventChannel
EventChannel 適用于事件流的通信, 例如 Native 需要頻繁的發(fā)送消息給 Flutter, 比如監(jiān)聽網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài), 藍(lán)牙設(shè)備等等然后發(fā)送給 Flutter
下面我們以一個(gè)案例來介紹 EventChannel 的使用, 該案例是在 Native 中每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)事件給 Flutter:
Native 端代碼
public class EventChannelPlugin implements EventChannel.StreamHandler {
private Handler handler;
private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example.flutter_battery/stream";
private int count = 0;
public static void registerWith(PluginRegistry.Registrar registrar) {
// 新建 EventChannel, CHANNEL常量的作用和 MethodChannel 一樣的
final EventChannel channel = new EventChannel(registrar.messenger(), CHANNEL);
// 設(shè)置流的處理器(StreamHandler)
channel.setStreamHandler(new EventChannelPlugin());
}
@Override
public void onListen(Object o, EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
// 每隔一秒數(shù)字+1
handler = new Handler(message -> {
// 然后把數(shù)字發(fā)送給 Flutter
eventSink.success(++count);
handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 1000);
return false;
});
handler.sendEmptyMessage(0);
}
@Override
public void onCancel(Object o) {
handler.removeMessages(0);
handler = null;
count = 0;
}
}
Flutter 端代碼
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
// 創(chuàng)建 EventChannel
static const stream = const EventChannel('com.example.flutter_battery/stream');
int _count = 0;
StreamSubscription _timerSubscription;
void _startTimer() {
if (_timerSubscription == null)
// 監(jiān)聽 EventChannel 流, 會(huì)觸發(fā) Native onListen回調(diào)
_timerSubscription = stream.receiveBroadcastStream().listen(_updateTimer);
}
void _stopTimer() {
_timerSubscription?.cancel();
_timerSubscription = null;
setState(() => _count = 0);
}
void _updateTimer(dynamic count) {
print("--------$count");
setState(() => _count = count);
}
@override
void dispose() {
super.dispose();
_timerSubscription?.cancel();
_timerSubscription = null;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Container(
margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 10, top: 10),
child: Center(
child: Column(
children: [
Row(
children: <Widget>[
RaisedButton(
child: Text('Start EventChannel',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12)),
onPressed: _startTimer,
),
Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.only(left: 10),
child: RaisedButton(
child: Text('Cancel EventChannel',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12)),
onPressed: _stopTimer,
)),
Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.only(left: 10),
child: Text("$_count"),
)
],
)
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
效果如下圖所示:

BasicMessageChannel
BasicMessageChannel 更像是一個(gè)消息的通信, 如果僅僅是簡單的通信而不是調(diào)用某個(gè)方法或者是事件流, 可以使用 BasicMessageChannel
BasicMessageChannel 也可以實(shí)現(xiàn) Flutter 和 Native 的雙向通信, 下面的示例圖就是官方的例子:

點(diǎn)擊
Native FAB 通知 Flutter 更新, 點(diǎn)擊 Flutter FAB 通知 Native 更新
Flutter端代碼
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
static const String _channel = 'increment';
static const String _pong = 'pong';
static const String _emptyMessage = '';
static const BasicMessageChannel<String> platform =
BasicMessageChannel<String>(_channel, StringCodec());
int _counter = 0;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
// 設(shè)置消息處理器
platform.setMessageHandler(_handlePlatformIncrement);
}
// 如果接收到 Native 的消息 則數(shù)字+1
Future<String> _handlePlatformIncrement(String message) async {
setState(() {
_counter++;
});
// 發(fā)送一個(gè)空消息
return _emptyMessage;
}
// 點(diǎn)擊 Flutter 中的 FAB 則發(fā)消息給 Native
void _sendFlutterIncrement() {
platform.send(_pong);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('BasicMessageChannel'),
),
body: Container(
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: <Widget>[
Expanded(
child: Center(
child: Text(
'Platform button tapped $_counter time${_counter == 1 ? '' : 's'}.',
style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 17.0)),
),
),
Container(
padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 15.0, left: 5.0),
child: Row(
children: <Widget>[
Image.asset('assets/flutter-mark-square-64.png', scale: 1.5),
const Text('Flutter', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30.0)),
],
),
),
],
)),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _sendFlutterIncrement,
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
);
}
}
Native端代碼
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// 省略其他代碼...
messageChannel = new BasicMessageChannel<>(flutterView, CHANNEL, StringCodec.INSTANCE);
messageChannel.
setMessageHandler(new MessageHandler<String>() {
@Override
public void onMessage(String s, Reply<String> reply) {
// 接收到Flutter消息, 更新Native
onFlutterIncrement();
reply.reply(EMPTY_MESSAGE);
}
});
FloatingActionButton fab = findViewById(R.id.button);
fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 通知 Flutter 更新
sendAndroidIncrement();
}
});
}
private void sendAndroidIncrement() {
messageChannel.send(PING);
}
private void onFlutterIncrement() {
counter++;
TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.button_tap);
String value = "Flutter button tapped " + counter + (counter == 1 ? " time" : " times");
textView.setText(value);
}
關(guān)于
Flutter和Native之間的通信就介紹到這里了. 總而言之, 如果通信需要方法調(diào)用可以使用MethodChannel, 通信的時(shí)候用到數(shù)據(jù)流則使用EventChannel, 如果僅僅是消息通知?jiǎng)t可以使用BasicMessageChannel.
Reference
https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/platform-channels
https://juejin.im/post/5b84ff6a6fb9a019f47d1cc9
https://juejin.im/post/5b4c3c9a5188251ac446d915
https://juejin.im/post/5b3ae6b96fb9a024ba6e0dbb
聯(lián)系我
所有關(guān)于 Retrofit 的使用案例都在我的 AndroidAll GitHub 倉庫中。該倉庫除了 Retrofit,還有其他 Android 其他常用的開源庫源碼分析,如「RxJava」「Glide」「LeakCanary」「Dagger2」「Retrofit」「OkHttp」「ButterKnife」「Router」等。除此之外,還有完整的 Android 程序員所需要的技術(shù)棧思維導(dǎo)圖,歡迎享用。
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