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一個(gè)簡單的抽象,可以解決百分之八十的問題。
在寫Spring 應(yīng)用的時(shí)候,會(huì)遇到一些異步執(zhí)行和任務(wù)調(diào)度的問題,例如:Spring MVC中需要向微信發(fā)送請(qǐng)求,告訴微信進(jìn)行公眾號(hào)推送。這個(gè)時(shí)候需要用到異步執(zhí)行,而周報(bào)表、月報(bào)表、日最高點(diǎn)擊等,需要用到任務(wù)調(diào)度。
Spring高度凝聚了及其簡單的調(diào)度和異步執(zhí)行方式,迅速解決百分之八十的問題。
實(shí)例
項(xiàng)目工程目錄結(jié)構(gòu)和代碼獲取地址
獲取地址(版本Log將會(huì)注明每一個(gè)版本對(duì)應(yīng)的課程)
https://github.com/laiyijie/SpringLearning
目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

運(yùn)行工程
運(yùn)行具有Main函數(shù)的 App.java
得到如下輸出
the 2 time to say userHello
the 0 time to say userHello
the 3 time to say userHello
the 1 time to say userHello
the 4 time to say userHello
the 6 time to say userHello
the 5 time to say userHello
the 8 time to say userHello
the 9 time to say userHello
the 7 time to say userHello
time:1480341514063 userHello
time:1480341515064 userHello
time:1480341516065 userHello
time:1480341517066 userHello
time:1480341518067 userHello
time:1480341519068 userHello
time:1480341520069 userHello
time:1480341521070 userHello
time:1480341522071 userHello
項(xiàng)目詳解
從App.java入手
App.java
package me.laiyijie.demo;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import me.laiyijie.demo.service.HelloInterface;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("root-context.xml");
HelloInterface hello = context.getBean(HelloInterface.class);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
hello.sayHello(i);
}
Thread.sleep(10000);
context.close();
}
}
主函數(shù)中有一個(gè)for循環(huán),調(diào)用的是HelloInterface的sayHello方法。
并且主線程休眠了10秒后關(guān)閉ApplicationContext。
HelloInterface.java
package me.laiyijie.demo.service;
public interface HelloInterface{
void sayHello(int i );
void sayHelloEverySecondes();
}
接口,并定義了兩個(gè)函數(shù),其實(shí)現(xiàn)類為 UserServiceImpl
UserServiceImpl.java
package me.laiyijie.demo.service;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements HelloInterface {
@Async
public void sayHello(int i) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("the " + i + " time to say " + "userHello");
}
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 1000)
public void sayHelloEverySecondes() {
System.out.println("time:" + System.currentTimeMillis() + " userHello");
}
}
實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)函數(shù),而且兩個(gè)函數(shù)前面分別有@Async和@Scheduled兩個(gè)注解。
分別探討:
@Async 異步執(zhí)行
被@Async標(biāo)注過的方法不是在主線程中執(zhí)行,是另開了一個(gè)線程,并且進(jìn)行調(diào)度,從打印就可以看出,調(diào)度是隨機(jī)的!
既然涉及到異步,就涉及到線程池有多大?隊(duì)列有多大?
root-context.xml中有如下配置:
<task:executor id="myExecutor" pool-size="5" queue-capacity="100"/>
pool-size=5 : 線程池的大小為5!
queue-capacity=100 : 等待隊(duì)列的最大長度為100!
所以可以看到,前面的輸出,0-4次userHello在5-9次前面,因?yàn)橐淮沃荒芡瑫r(shí)執(zhí)行五個(gè)線程。
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 1000)
被@Scheduled標(biāo)注過的函數(shù)會(huì)按照配置的運(yùn)行方式自動(dòng)執(zhí)行!此處配置的是fixedDelay=1000含義是每隔1000ms執(zhí)行一次(在上次執(zhí)行完后開始計(jì)時(shí)1000ms)
定時(shí)調(diào)度一樣有一個(gè)線程池:
<task:scheduler id="myScheduler" pool-size="5"/>
含義與executor一致
需要開啟@Async和@Scheduled,root-context.xml需要進(jìn)行如下配置:
root-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="me.laiyijie.demo"></context:component-scan>
<task:annotation-driven executor="myExecutor" scheduler="myScheduler" />
<task:scheduler id="myScheduler" pool-size="5"/>
<task:executor id="myExecutor" pool-size="5" queue-capacity="100"/>
</beans>
變更如下:
-
增加
task命名空間xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" -
增加注解驅(qū)動(dòng)以及執(zhí)行器
<task:annotation-driven executor="myExecutor" scheduler="myScheduler" /> <task:scheduler id="myScheduler" pool-size="5"/> <task:executor id="myExecutor" pool-size="5" queue-capacity="100"/>
雖然可以最簡單的使用:
<task:annotation-driven />
但是建議還是自己定義executor和scheduler方便控制資源大小
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>me.laiyijie</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
小結(jié)
- 異步執(zhí)行使用
@Async標(biāo)注方法 - 定時(shí)任務(wù)使用
@Scheduled標(biāo)注方法