http://www.astropixels.com/main/resources.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97761494
Planets at a Glance: October 2022（原文鏈接）
行星一瞥: 2022年10月（英文翻譯）
原文：
Mercury
This month, Mercury will begin the month shining at magnitude 1.2 in the eastern pre-dawn sky. The swift planet will increase its angle from the sun until it reaches a maximum elongation of 18 degrees, and peak visibility, on October 8.
The best views of the planet will fall between about 6:00 a.m. and 6:30 a.m. local time. After maximum elongation, Mercury will sink sunward again. The early October apparition will be the best of the year for observers at mid-northern latitudes, but a poor one for those in the southern hemisphere.
The planet will steadily increase in brightness during October. Viewed in a telescope, Mercury will wax in illuminated phase from 18% to 99%, while its apparent disk diameter halves from 8.8 to 4.8 arc-seconds — so turn all optical aids away from the eastern horizon before the sun rises. By the time the old crescent moon appears a thumb’s width above (to the celestial northwest) of Mercury on October 24, the planet will be difficult to see.
翻譯：
水星
本月初，水星將在黎明前的東部天空中發(fā)出1.2星等的光芒。這顆快速移動的行星將增加其與太陽的角度，直到10月8日達(dá)到最大延伸18度，并達(dá)到能見度峰值。
當(dāng)?shù)貢r間早上6:00到6:30之間是觀測地球的最佳時間。在最大伸長后，水星將再次向太陽下沉。對于中北緯度地區(qū)的觀察者來說，10月初的幻影將是一年中最好的一次，但對于南半球地區(qū)的觀察者來說卻是糟糕的一次。
在十月份，地球的亮度將穩(wěn)步增加。在望遠(yuǎn)鏡中觀察，水星的發(fā)光相位從18% 到99% 不等，而它的表觀圓盤直徑從8.8弧秒減半到4.8弧秒，所以在太陽升起之前把所有的光學(xué)輔助設(shè)備從東邊的地平線上移開。10月24日，當(dāng)這顆古老的新月出現(xiàn)在水星上方(天體西北方向)一個拇指寬的地方時，這顆行星將很難被看到。
原文：
Venus
During the first few mornings of October, Venus may be spotted — with difficulty — just above the eastern horizon before sunrise. The bright planet will sink sunward each morning, pass the sun at superior conjunction on October 21, and then reappear in the western evening sky towards year-end.
翻譯：
金星
在10月份的頭幾個早晨，人們可能會在日出前的東方地平線上方勉強(qiáng)發(fā)現(xiàn)金星。這顆明亮的行星每天早晨向太陽方向下沉，在10月21日的上合點(diǎn)經(jīng)過太陽，然后在接近年底的時候重新出現(xiàn)在西方的夜空中。
原文：
Mars
Mars will be well-positioned for viewing starting in the late evening during October. On the first of the month, it will rise just after 10:00 p.m. local time and climb high in the southern sky by sunrise. By month’s end, Mars’ rising time will advance to 8:20 p.m. local time. The red planet will spend October slowing its eastward trek between the horns of Taurus.
On October 3, Mars will cease its motion altogether, only to begin a westerly retrograde loop that will last through a fine opposition in early December and end in mid-January.
Over the month, Earth’s distance from Mars will decrease by 13.67 million miles (22 million km). As a result, Mars will brighten from magnitude -0.59 to -1.22. Its appearance in telescopes will show a nearly fully illuminated disk that swells in apparent diameter from 12 to 15 arc-seconds. Watch for suggestions of the dark markings that will become clearer at opposition.
The red planet will pass only 1.2 degrees to the north of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant from October 14-16, but the bright waning gibbous moon will shine nearby to their north.
翻譯：
火星
火星將在10月份的傍晚開始被放置在適合觀測的位置。月初，當(dāng)?shù)貢r間晚上10點(diǎn)剛過，太陽就會升起，日出之前就會在南方的天空中升起。到月底，火星的上升時間將提前到當(dāng)?shù)貢r間晚上8:20。這顆紅色的行星將在10月份減緩它在金牛座角之間向東遷移的速度。
10月3日，火星將完全停止它的運(yùn)動，只是開始了一個向西逆行的循環(huán)，這個循環(huán)將持續(xù)到12月初，并在1月中旬結(jié)束。
在這個月里，地球與火星的距離將減少1367萬英里(2200萬公里)。因此，火星的亮度將從 -0.59到 -1.22。它在望遠(yuǎn)鏡中的出現(xiàn)將顯示一個幾乎完全照明的圓盤，其視直徑在12到15弧秒之間膨脹。觀察暗斑的暗示，這些暗斑在對立面會變得更加清晰。
從10月14日到16日，這顆紅色的行星將只經(jīng)過蟹狀星云北部1.2度的超新星遺跡，但是這顆明亮的凸月將在它的北部附近發(fā)光。
原文：
Jupiter
Jupiter will be well-placed for observing throughout the night in October — although it will be highest (and look sharpest) in telescopes during the middle hours of the night. The planet will continue its slide westward across the stars of western Pisces and towards Neptune.
The yellowish dot that is Saturn, which will be 24-times less bright, will shine about 40 degrees to Jupiter’s southwest. Still only weeks past its closest opposition in decades, Jupiter will shine a bright magnitude of -2.9.
In amateur telescopes, the planet will exhibit equatorial bands girdling a generous 49 arc-seconds-wide disk. The Great Red Spot will appear every second or third night, and Jupiter’s four large Galilean satellites will frequently eclipse and occult one another, and cast their round, black shadows on the planet — singly and in pairs.
The nearly full moon will hop past Jupiter on October 7-8.
翻譯：
木星
木星將在10月的整個夜晚處于很好的觀測位置ーー盡管它將在午夜時分在望遠(yuǎn)鏡中達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)(并且看起來最清晰)。這顆行星將繼續(xù)向西滑行，穿過雙魚座西部的恒星，向海王星移動。
這個黃色的小點(diǎn)是土星，亮度是木星的24倍，它將向木星的西南方向發(fā)出約40度的光。木星距離其數(shù)十年來最接近的反對派只有幾周的時間，它將發(fā)出明亮的 -2.9星等的光芒。
在業(yè)余天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡中，這顆行星的赤道帶環(huán)繞著一個寬達(dá)49弧秒的圓盤。大紅斑每兩三個晚上就會出現(xiàn)一次，而木星的四顆巨大的伽利略衛(wèi)星會頻繁地相互遮擋和掩蓋，并在行星上投下它們的黑色圓影ーー單個的或成對的。
近滿月將在10月7日至8日躍過木星。
原文：
Saturn
As for the yellowish dot that is Saturn, it will be observable from after dusk until late evening in October — though it will not climb very high when it culminates in the southern sky in mid-evening.
The white dot of 24-times brighter Jupiter will be positioned 40 degrees to Saturn’s left (or celestial east). On October 23, Saturn will cease its westerly retrograde motion and prepare to resume a regular eastward prograde motion. That same night, Saturn will approach to within 0.6 degrees east of the magnitude 4.2 star Iota Capricorni in central Capricornus. Their separation will noticeably widen over the following weeks.
Viewed in a telescope in October, Saturn will show an apparent disk diameter of 17.7 arc-seconds, and its rings will subtend 41 arc-seconds. Saturn’s rings will be tilting more edge-on to us every year until the spring of 2025. This year they are already close enough for Saturn’s southern polar region to extend well beyond them.
The waxing gibbous moon will shine to the southeast of Saturn on October 5.
翻譯：
土星
至于土星這個微黃色的小點(diǎn)，從黃昏后到十月的傍晚都可以看到ーー不過當(dāng)它在傍晚時分在南方的天空達(dá)到高潮時，它不會爬得很高。
比木星亮24倍的白點(diǎn)將位于土星左側(cè)(或天體東側(cè))40度。10月23日，土星將停止其西順行和逆行，并準(zhǔn)備恢復(fù)定期向東的前進(jìn)運(yùn)動。同一天晚上，土星將接近位于摩羯座中部的4.2星等的愛奧塔摩羯座以東0.6度。在接下來的幾周里，他們的分離將明顯加深。
在10月份的望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測中，土星的表觀圓盤直徑為17.7弧秒，其光環(huán)大于41弧秒。在2025年春天之前，土星環(huán)每年都會向我們傾斜更多。今年，它們已經(jīng)足夠接近土星的南極地區(qū)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了它們的范圍。
10月5日，這顆凸起的衛(wèi)星將照亮土星的東南部。
原文：
Uranus
Blue-green Uranus will be observable between late evening and dawn this month. Rising shortly after 8:00 p.m. local time on October 1, Uranus will climb highest in the southern sky, and look best in telescopes, during the wee hours of the morning. By month’s-end, those timings will advance by two hours.
Over the month, magnitude 5.6 Uranus will travel retrograde westward through the stars of southeastern Aries. Its trajectory will be parallel to — and about 1.5 degrees to the south of — the line joining the brighter stars Botein (Delta Arietis) and Pi Arietis, creating a triangular asterism for anyone searching for Uranus in binoculars. Uranus’ small, 3.8 arc-seconds-wide blue disk will appear markedly different from those stars.
On October 11, the bright, waning gibbous moon will shine 2 degrees to the upper right (or celestial WSW) of Uranus. Hours later, observers with telescopes in Alaska, northwestern continental United States, northern and western Canada, and Greenland will be able to see the moon occult Uranus around 05:00 to 06:00 GMT — the tenth in a series of consecutive lunar occultations of that planet.
翻譯：
天王星
藍(lán)綠色的天王星將在這個月的傍晚和黎明之間被觀察到。當(dāng)?shù)貢r間10月1日晚上8點(diǎn)后不久，天王星將在凌晨時分爬上南方天空的最高點(diǎn)，用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測效果最佳。到月底，時間會提前兩個小時。
在這個月里，5.6級的天王星將通過白羊座東南部的恒星向西逆行。它的軌道將與較亮恒星波坦(Botein，Delta Arietis)和派 · 艾里提斯(Pi Arietis)之間的直線平行ーー大約偏南1.5度，為任何用雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡尋找天王星的人創(chuàng)造了一個三角星群。天王星的小的，3.8弧秒寬的藍(lán)色圓盤將顯示出與這些恒星明顯不同。
10月11日，這個明亮的、漸弱的凸月將向天王星的右上方(或天體 WSW)照射2度。幾小時后，在阿拉斯加、美國大陸西北部、加拿大北部和西部以及格陵蘭島用望遠(yuǎn)鏡的觀測者將能夠在格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間05:00到06:00左右看到月球隱形的天王星，這是連續(xù)第十次月球掩星現(xiàn)象。
原文：
Neptune
The distant blue planet Neptune will be an all-night target this month, sharing the sky with far brighter Jupiter to its east, and the yellowish dot of Saturn shining 35 degrees to the southwest.
The Jupiter-Neptune separation will decrease from 9 to 6.8 degrees over the month. Neptune will shine at magnitude 7.8, which is within reach of good binoculars. The blue planet will be traveling retrograde westward among the stars of northeastern Aquarius, towards the medium-bright star Phi Aquarii.
In a telescope, Neptune’s tiny apparent disk size will span 2.4 arc-seconds. Larger telescopes can show Neptune’s large moon Triton.
翻譯：
海王星
本月，遙遠(yuǎn)的藍(lán)色行星海王星將成為通宵達(dá)旦的目標(biāo)，與其東部明亮得多的木星共享天空，土星的黃色點(diǎn)向西南方向照射35度。
木星和海王星的距離將在一個月內(nèi)從9度下降到6.8度。海王星將以7.8星等的亮度發(fā)光，這是好的雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡能夠到達(dá)的范圍。這顆藍(lán)色的行星將在寶瓶座東北部的恒星中向西逆行，向中等亮度的寶瓶座 Phi 星移動。
在望遠(yuǎn)鏡中，海王星微小的視盤大小將跨越2.4弧秒。較大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡可以顯示海王星的大衛(wèi)星海衛(wèi)一。
