CH5 How to Be a Demanding Reader
為什么讀一本書會打瞌睡？為什么一本書都讀不完？ Why?
是你不夠努力嗎？看看你那些半途而廢的書，為什么沒讀完？（前提，這是一本好書）
我想不是因為你不夠努力，是你不知道如何成為一個高能的閱讀者，不知道如何從書本中獲益。
“The reason (fail to read a book) is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.” p46
如何成為一個高能閱讀者？作者在書中把閱讀稱為“閱讀的藝術(shù)”。
如何更好的理解“閱讀的藝術(shù)”這一概念？
拿繪畫打個比方。很多小伙伴喜歡畫畫，大多數(shù)這種愛好可能無疾而終。原因大概有兩個方面，1.沒有掌握繪畫的方法；2. 知道方法，沒有經(jīng)過大量的訓(xùn)練和日復(fù)一日的練習(xí)。對繪畫來說，大部分人始于喜歡，止于喜歡；最終無法掌握繪畫這門技能。
閱讀跟繪畫一樣，有一套規(guī)則，方法，我們稱為技能，掌握了這些方法，勤加練習(xí)，你也能掌握讀書這門技能，感受閱讀的藝術(shù)。要注意的是：知道方法是一回事，掌握技能是另一回事。
第五章中，作者給了我們一些實操方法，比如不同的閱讀層次如何提問；如何跟作者對話；如何做筆記等等。方法固然重要，把方法轉(zhuǎn)化成技能才是最重要的。
Words & Phrases (每日五詞）
1. sedative
To use a good book as a sedative is conspicuous waste.
noun
a drug taken for its calming or sleep-inducing effect
鎮(zhèn)靜劑; 安眠藥。
adjective
promoting calm or inducing sleep
鎮(zhèn)靜的; 安眠的：
2.indispensable/??nd?s?pens?bl/
Why is marking a book indispensable to reading it?
adjective
absolutely necessary
不可或缺的, 必需的：
3. inveterate
To inveterate book-markers, the front endpapers are often the most important.
having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change
根深蒂固的, 頑固不化的：
4. over one’s head
beyond one's comprehension or competence
so as to pass over one's superior standing or authority
5. coalesce /?k????les/verb
The parts coalesce and telescope as each reaches the stage of automatic execution.
come together and form one mass or whole
接合, 結(jié)合, 匯合：
Summary of chapter 5
How to be a demanding reader?
Firstly, you have to be an active reading. Learn to ask questions while reading and answer questions by yourself in the course of reading.
What’s the difference between the demanding and the undemanding reader. The latter asks no questions—and gets no answers.
There are four basic questions a reader asks:
What is the book about?
what is being said in details, and how?
Is the book true, in whole or part?
What of it?
Secondly, only knowing four basic questions is is not enough. You must try to practice during reading. Knowing the rules of an art is not the same as having the habit. After all, reading is not easy to learn. You have to use your mental energy to communicate with the author to try to reach his level. Practice makes perfect.
How to make a Book your Own?
The act of buying a book does not mean you really possess a book. Full ownership of a book only comes when you have made it a port of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is writing in it.
Here are some intelligent and fruitful devices for marking a book:
underlining
vertical lines at the margin
star, asterisk or other doodad at the margin
Numbers in the margin
number the other pages in the margin
circling of the key words or phrases
writing in the margin, at the top or bottom oft the page to record questions
In addition, there are three different kinds of note-making which depends on the level of reading.
structural noting for inspectional reading
conceptual noting for analytical reading
dialectical noting for synoptical reading
感悟：
如果說閱讀是一門藝術(shù)，說明成為一個高能閱讀者不是一件容易的事。如果你希望提高閱讀能力，并成為一個優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，就要在遵循閱讀法則的前提大量的閱讀，沒有捷徑。在Outliers，《異類：不一樣的成功啟示錄》中有相同的觀點，比如一晚小時理論。
關(guān)于在書上寫筆記，不一定完全按照作者的方法操作，因為每個人的筆記方法不同。但是，養(yǎng)成固定的習(xí)慣是非常重要的，如果你還沒有好的筆記習(xí)慣，遵循作者的方法是不錯的選擇。
筆記方法中對我有啟示的有三點：
1.在書頁問題。我現(xiàn)在的做法是下小本子上記錄，這樣做的弊端是書本分離，增加查找的時間。
2.好好利用空白扉頁，制作個人書目索引
3. 在有相同觀點的不同書頁標(biāo)注參考頁碼，把散落在書中相同的觀點匯總。
最后提一下中譯本的問題：
作者說，讀一本書，就是跟作者對話。如果你讀的是中譯本，由于語言和理解的因素，譯本跟原作或多或少會有差距。這里不是說譯本不好，讀譯本就好像兩個語言不同的人對話，中間夾著一個翻譯，翻譯的好壞是以方面，語言的轉(zhuǎn)換帶來的偏差是另一方面。相信這種感覺大家都懂的。
在這里提一個譯本中的問題：
“ Good books are over your head; they would not be good for you if they were not. And books that areover your headweary you unless you can reach up to them and pull yourself up to their level.”
這段中的over your head的詞義在上面的每日一詞中有解釋，是超出你的理解范圍，很難懂的，復(fù)雜的東西。
這句話我的理解是：好書難懂，因為超出你的理解范疇，在你未知的領(lǐng)域帶給你啟示，這就是好書。正因為超越了你的理解范疇，好書會消磨你的意志，除非你達到作者的高度。
譯本的翻譯把over your head 理解成你掛念的書在邏輯上是不對的
今日進步：這個小詞讓我意識到，不能因為這個詞看起來簡單而忽略它的的正確意思。讓我意識到如果有能力讀原版，建議讀原版吧。
