Part One ? ? ? ? ? Words, Phrases and Sentences
in a nutshell ? ? ?in essence; briefly ?簡(jiǎn)而言之
e.g. ?This is naive practice in a nutshell: I just played it.
Imitation: In ?a nutshell, getting out of one's comfort zone is of vital importance in the course of practicing purposefully.
fall short ? ?to fail to reach or measure up to a standard ?不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
e.g. ?Generally speaking, no matter what you are trying to do, you need feedback to identify exactly where and how you are falling short.
Imitation: ?His teacher made a conment on his paper, ?saying that he had fell short on the supporting materials.
desultory? ? (adj.)? passing or jumping from one thing to another, esp in a fitful way;
unmethodical; disconnected; occurring in a random or incidental way; haphazard ?散亂的；東拉西扯的；沒有條理的
e.g. ?Instead, the student's words seem to imply a rather desultory?attempt at practice,with no effort to do more than what was already easy for him.
Imitation: ?He made a desultory conversation with his ex-girlfriend, showing that he was overwhelmed by tension.
make it a point ? ?對(duì)……特別注意；努力做到……
e.g. Later, after finishing the memory work with steve and a couple of other students, I made it a point to recruit only subjects who had trainedn extensively as athletes, dancers, musicians, or singers.
Imitation: ?That every international community should make it a point to facilitate mutually beneficial cooperation has been ?the consensus among the countries.
on the fly ? ?<美口> 匆忙地；百忙之中地；立即
e.g. ?Renee, by contrast, devised her mnemonics on the fly, deciding according to the digits she heard what mnemonic she would use to remember them.
Imitation: You'd better note down some details of the lecture or you would forget it in no time.
Part Two ? ? ? ? ? Summary
In the second half of Chapter One, the author firstly focused on several characteristics of "purposeful practice" :
1.Purposeful practice is focused.
2.Purposeful practice involves feedback.
3.Purposeful practice requires getting out of one's comfort zone.
According to the three characteristics above, some other aspects like clear goals, a practical plan, etc. are also of great importance.
Secondly, he illustrated the limits of "purposeful practice" with the experiment he did as expansion of the experiment made on Steve, who improved his ability of remembering digits dramatically by establishing his own mnemonic which can be referred to as "retrieval structure" . And we can make a conclusion from the experiment that consistency and effective means are as crucial as trying hard.?
Part Three ? ? What I Have Learned
今天讀的第一部分，對(duì)于“ 有目的性的練習(xí)包括反饋” 這一點(diǎn)，我在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中有切身的體會(huì)，這句話更確切地說應(yīng)該是“有目的性的練習(xí)包括及時(shí)且有效的反饋”，比如以前做一張數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)，我就習(xí)慣于做完立刻校對(duì)答案，批一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)，整理錯(cuò)題，消化吸收，偶爾作業(yè)太多把一份卷子拖到幾天以后，其實(shí)練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是什么也已經(jīng)忘了，沒能夠進(jìn)行及時(shí)到位的反饋，這就是一種低效率且缺乏目的性的練習(xí)。再比如這個(gè)月的讀書任務(wù)，每天記錄讀書心得也是一種"purposeful practice" ，每天大家及時(shí)對(duì)我的筆記進(jìn)行反饋，我因此能夠更有效率地完善筆記（感謝各位~）
如果要說自覺主動(dòng)進(jìn)行“purposeful practice” 的motivation, 我覺得是正面積極的反饋，也就是文中提到的“the satisfaction of seeing yourself improve at something”, 我學(xué)習(xí)英語的動(dòng)力就是一直能在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中獲得“internal feedback” 和" external feedback", 在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中能夠得到成就感，這樣的學(xué)習(xí)才是令人愉悅的。
