1 paste的用法

paste(..., sep=" ", collapse=NULL)

• 本質(zhì)是把輸入的term轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閟tring，和as.character意思一樣。然后進(jìn)行連接。
• 每個term之間以sep參數(shù)分隔開
• collapse是把結(jié)果進(jìn)行處理，也可以認(rèn)為怎么來對結(jié)果進(jìn)行折疊。

通過具體例子來看sep和collapse參數(shù)

> paste('Sample',1:10,sep = '')
 [1] "Sample1"  "Sample2"  "Sample3"  "Sample4"  "Sample5"  "Sample6" 
 [7] "Sample7"  "Sample8"  "Sample9"  "Sample10"
> paste('Sample',1:10,sep = '_')
 [1] "Sample_1"  "Sample_2"  "Sample_3"  "Sample_4"  "Sample_5"  "Sample_6" 
 [7] "Sample_7"  "Sample_8"  "Sample_9"  "Sample_10"
> paste('Sample',LETTERS[1:5],sep = '-')
[1] "Sample-A" "Sample-B" "Sample-C" "Sample-D" "Sample-E"
> paste(rep('Sample',5),LETTERS[1:10],sep = '-')#自動對應(yīng)補齊
 [1] "Sample-A" "Sample-B" "Sample-C" "Sample-D" "Sample-E" "Sample-F"
 [7] "Sample-G" "Sample-H" "Sample-I" "Sample-J"
> paste('Sample',letters[1:5],sep = '-', collapse = '~')
[1] "Sample-a~Sample-b~Sample-c~Sample-d~Sample-e"

再看一個官方例子

> (nth <- paste0(1:12, c("st", "nd", "rd", rep("th", 9))))
 [1] "1st"  "2nd"  "3rd"  "4th"  "5th"  "6th"  "7th"  "8th"  "9th"  "10th" "11th" "12th"

制表符分割

> paste('Sample',letters[1:5],sep = '-',collapse = '\t')
[1] "Sample-a\tSample-b\tSample-c\tSample-d\tSample-e"
#為了更好的看清楚結(jié)果，cat一下
> cat(paste('Sample',letters[1:5],sep = '-',collapse = '\t'))
Sample-a    Sample-b    Sample-c    Sample-d    Sample-e
#注意區(qū)分和上一條命令的區(qū)別，這里用`c連接
> cat(paste(c('Sample',letters[1:5]),sep = '-',collapse = '\t'))
Sample  a   b   c   d   e
#換行
> cat(paste('Sample',letters[1:5],sep = '-',collapse = '\n'))
Sample-a
Sample-b
Sample-c
Sample-d
Sample-e

2 cat用法:輸出結(jié)果（直接輸出或?qū)懭胛募?/h1>

cat(... , file = "", sep = " ", fill = FALSE, labels = NULL,
    append = FALSE)

舉例

> cat('The content of hello.txt')
The content of hello.txt
> cat('The content of hello.txt',file = 'hello.txt')

第二條命令不會顯示任何信息，可以file.show查看

file.show('hello.txt')

截圖如下

cat也有sep參數(shù)

> cat('Sample',1:10, sep = '\n')
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
> cat('Sample',1:10, sep = '-')
Sample-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

注意以下兩個命令的區(qū)別

cat(paste(c('Sample',LETTERS[1]), collapse = '\t'))
cat(paste(c('Sample',LETTERS[1]), collapse = '\n'))

結(jié)果分別是

> cat(paste(c('Sample',LETTERS[1]), collapse = '\t'))
Sample  A
> cat(paste(c('Sample',LETTERS[1]), collapse = '\n'))
Sample
A

3 sink的用法

sink(file = NULL, append = FALSE, type = c("output", "message"),
     split = FALSE)

舉例

> sink('sink.txt')
> cat('The first line of sink.file\n')
> cat('The second line of sink file \n')
> sink()
> file.show('sink.txt')

sink