Chinese culture has fully reflected the concept of the inner sage in the past, which is the view of Mr. Mou Zongsan. However, there are serious shortcomings in the aspect of the outer king, and it has not produced modern democracy and science. If you look at Chinese culture, it lacks democracy, and even according to the views of Mou Zong San Sheng Sheng, he lacks science. He believes that China has technology, but technology does not have science. Science is a theoretical and systematic system of knowledge, but this technology may not necessarily be systematic.

So, what is technology?

For example, when it comes to calligraphy, it looks great if you come and do it any way you want. It's a technique. But it is not science, because science is a theoretical system. According to Mr. Mou Zongsan's viewpoint, China did not have modern democracy and science, nor did democracy exist. Of course, in this regard, he is different from Mr. Liang Shuming, Zhang Junmai, and others. ?

In fact, during the Tang Dynasty, its three provinces and six ministries actually had a sense of separation of powers. Three provinces, such as the Central Secretariat, are responsible for formulating policies and guidelines. For example, the "12th Five Year Plan" was formulated by the Ministry of Education. After the Ministry of Education formulated it, its subordinate provinces provided suggestions. If there are any problems with the plan you formulated, the Ministry of Finance will implement it. The implementation of the Shangshu system is omitted, and it is divided into officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments, and laborers, which also have a mutual constraint at this level.

The Central Secretariat does not implement this matter when it is formulated, the subordinate provinces do not formulate suggestions, and the Ministry of Personnel neither formulates nor recommends. It is specifically responsible for implementing what you have set, and I will do it. ?

Because this is only from the perspective of governance methods. It is not from a political system perspective. Democracy is a political system, and this method is not yet a political system. In terms of political system, it is undemocratic. It is authoritarian because the country belongs to the emperor, so in terms of method, it can appear very democratic, but in terms of political system, it is not democratic.

And what we call democracy is precisely from a political perspective. ?

If you lack these things, without architecture, without extension, without decomposition, then obviously you are still in a state where you can only understand and cannot express. So in this situation, he lacks democracy and science, so in this place, that is to say, in Chinese culture, he has dissolved the opposition between the subject and the guest, the essence and the subject, and the heart and the object. But in Western culture, there is precisely this kind of opposition between subject and object, which belongs to the heart and object.

So, Chinese culture can achieve the personality of sages and the moral governance, but it will not produce objective political governance or the intellectual form of governance, which is science.

In Western culture, there is a serious dichotomy between subject and object, which is a prerequisite for the emergence of science. Even in Western culture, if I want to study how people are studied, I must turn them into objects, including studying my own psychology. I must treat my psychology as an object of my understanding. There must be someone who is the master, who is the guest, what the guest is like, and what the master is like. This is a characteristic of Western culture.

However, in Chinese culture, there is often no distinction between subject and object. For example, if a girl you have been admiring for a long time sends you an emotional message, that is, you used to like her all along, but she didn't express any feelings, but now she gives you a very clear message. After that, you feel happy and happy, and you feel that everything on this day is beautiful. What you see is pleasing to your eyes. When you see the most vicious female server selling vegetables in the cafeteria, you feel very pleased. Because your state of mind is reflected in hers, and your heart is a part of it, which is a characteristic of Chinese culture.

So, Western culture must make it a framework. If you have such wisdom, you must turn it into an intellectual form. It can be said that analytical philosophy is like this. As long as you can say it clearly, analytical philosophy is like this. Either you cannot say it or you can say it clearly. This emphasizes its structure and its intellectual form. As long as you can say it clearly, you will be able to find something to express it.

However, in Chinese culture, it is exactly the opposite of analytical philosophy, which is called "forgetting one's own words". It means that sometimes you say too much, and in the end, you cannot express that meaning. Sinicization has this phenomenon; Westerners who analyze philosophy believe that as long as you can speak, you can speak clearly. This emphasizes synthesis, decomposition, architecture, and application, which are different.

So this is different, which sometimes leads to Chinese culture having a content that doesn't necessarily have to be expressed. It's like you and your loved one sitting together without any expression. You two are satisfied because the boy always thinks of the girl in his heart, and the girl is the same. She doesn't know what's going on outside, and her heart is all on the boy. The two of you don't show any behavior. Look at them sitting there, they don't say anything, don't make any small movements, and there's nothing.

However, it has content, and Chinese philosophy also emphasizes content. After emphasizing this, it does not emphasize expression, and if it does not value expression, there will be this problem. I just need content, I don't want to express it, I can even not express it. ?

So, it has a kind of practical rationality, and he emphasizes the use of it. The use is "obtained from the hands and responded to from the heart", but it is not necessarily true. Zhuangzi tells a story like this. King Qi was reading a book in the hall, and there was an old craftsman who made wheels for him. The old craftsman who made the wheels said that he had nothing to do when he was full. He asked King Qi, "What are you reading here? I am reading a book, whose book are you reading? I am reading a book by a sage." Then the old craftsman said, "Read a book by a sage. Is the sage still there? Is the sage gone?". Zhou Gong has already passed away, and Confucius has long since passed away, including Zhuangzi. Then the old craftsman said, 'What you are reading is not called a book of sages, but the dregs of sages.'.

At this moment, the King of Qi was furious. He said, 'I am reading books, and the wheel people are discussing things. If you want to speak up today, you will be punished and killed if you can't speak up.' However, the old craftsman remained calm and said, 'If you want me to speak up, it's okay. I don't have much culture, I just make wheels every day. Let me take my wheel making as an example. Look at why I am still making wheels when I am over 70 years old. I could have rested at home, but why do I still need to make wheels? I want to retire and pass on my skills to my son.'. My son also really wants to learn, but I can't give him this thing. When cutting wheels, we should be neither too fast nor too slow, neither too light nor too heavy, neither too slow nor too fast. This is practice, it's' what comes from hands, what comes from heart '. I can't tell my son about this thing. My son wants to learn it now, but he can't come to me to learn either.

He said, 'This is how I make wheels, so there's no need to talk about anything else, because the sages are all dead now. The things that the sages say are just dregs. There are many things that the sages can't say, they can only rely on practice. The books you read, isn't that the dregs of the sages?'?

Chinese culture emphasizes application and richness in practice, so it does not emphasize structure. Therefore, it is often said in Chinese culture that "there is no fixed law for law" and "there is no way to win", which is incomprehensible in Western culture. If you want to say this, you have to tell me the truth. This is the spirit of Western culture, and it is precisely one of the most important aspects that gave rise to democratic science.

So here, Chinese culture has an inner sage and no outer king, so it is a way of life, a wisdom, a virtue, a practice, but it is not a structure, a structure is a theory, a framework. Science and democracy, on the other hand, are precisely manifestations of this architecture, rather than the kind of 'getting it by hand and responding to it by heart', which can only be called technology. Technology is just an experience, it cannot be called science. Science must be able to speak out, it must speak a truth, and Chinese culture is precisely lacking in science.

So in terms of science, Chinese culture has not developed modern science, Confucianism has not developed science, and Taoism has not developed either. Therefore, both cultures have not expressed science. It should be said that Confucianism's concept of benevolence is the heavenly heart, the nature of morality, and not the cognitive heart. The intelligence he referred to is also a form of transcendental original intelligence, rather than the intelligence of logical mathematics.

So in the Tao Te Ching, he divided the world into the Dao Dao and the Dao Dao, but he did not explain the Dao Dao world and directly turned to the Dao Dao world. The Tao Te Ching says, 'The Dao can be Dao, it is very Dao.' However, he focuses on things that are not Dao, and he does not pay much attention to what is going on in the Dao world. Therefore, in this situation, the concept of this mind has not been manifested, while logic, mathematics, and science are all conceptual minds, a form of intellectual intelligence. He is not the kind of suspension, he is a form of intellectual intelligence, and there must be a way to showcase it in a way of knowledge.