* 用英語自身來理解和學(xué)習(xí)英語是最好的方式,《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列,這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升,并樹立英語思維;
* 推薦的閱讀的方法是:先原文,適當(dāng)看解析閱讀,還有疑惑再看雙語對(duì)照。
* 解析中英語單詞的音標(biāo)
使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標(biāo)標(biāo)注,如果需要了解Dictcom音標(biāo),請(qǐng)參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標(biāo)體系》一文。
* 本篇文章難度系數(shù)7.6,由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智能難度分析系統(tǒng)提供評(píng)分。
【編者按】這不一定是終極的答案,人類一直在探求這個(gè);這也不是雞湯,但應(yīng)該是對(duì)你有用的。
What makes people clever and why are some smarter than others?
【譯】是什么讓人聰明?為什么有些人比其他人聰明?
【語法】smarter than 形容詞或副詞比較級(jí) + than,是“比...更...”的意思;例句:He is younger than me. 他比我(更)年輕。He runs faster than me. 他比我跑得(更)快。
【單詞】clever ['klev-er]['klev?] adj. 聰明的;靈巧的
【單詞】smarter 原型:smart [smahrt][smɑ?t] adj. 時(shí)髦的;漂亮的;聰明的;敏捷的;整潔的;厲害的
I am currently doing my GCSE's in high school and I have to revise every night to stay at the level I am working at.
【譯】我目前正在高中念普通中等教育證書,我必須每晚復(fù)習(xí),以保持我目前的水平。
【用法】have to do sth. 表示“必須”、“不得不”、“只好”、“(被迫)很勉強(qiáng)”去做某事,后面跟動(dòng)詞原形,與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 近義但區(qū)別在于:have to 表示客觀的需要,must 表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。例句:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。(客觀上需要做這件事) He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
【單詞】currently ['kur-uhnt-lee, 'kuhr-]['k?r?ntli] adv. 現(xiàn)在;通常;當(dāng)前
【單詞】revise [ri-'vahyz][r?'va?z] n. 校訂;修正;再校稿 v. 校訂;修正;校正
【專有名詞】GCSE [?d?i?si?es'i?] abbr. 英國的普通中等教育證書(=General Certificate of Secondary Education),相當(dāng)于中學(xué)畢業(yè)的學(xué)歷證明
However, there is another person in my year who is one of the smartest people in the country.
【譯】然而,在我這一屆中,還有一個(gè)人是這個(gè)國家最聰明的人之一。
【單詞】smartest 原型:smart 形容詞最高級(jí) [smahrt][smɑ?t] adj. 時(shí)髦的;漂亮的;聰明的;敏捷的;整潔的;厲害的 vi. 刺痛;難過;煩惱 n. 刺痛;苦惱 adv. (=smartly)
Seriously, in the national math test thing he was the 1% of 100 marks out of everybody in the country who took the test.
【譯】說真的,在全國數(shù)學(xué)考試中,他在全國參加考試的人中排在前百分之一。
【單詞】Seriously 原型:seriously 副詞 ['seer-ee-uhs-lee]['s??ri?sli] adv. 嚴(yán)肅地;認(rèn)真地;嚴(yán)重地
【單詞】math [math][m?θ] n. 數(shù)學(xué)
【單詞】everybody ['ev-ree-bod-ee, -buhd-ee]['evrib?di] pron. 每人;人人;各人
He never has to study for exams and knows everything.
【譯】他從來不必為考試而學(xué)習(xí),什么都會(huì)。
【單詞】exams 原型:exam [ig-'zam][?ɡ'z?m] n. 考試
What does he have different from me?
【譯】他和我有什么不同?
He almost certainly does study.
【譯】他幾乎可以肯定地保持不斷學(xué)習(xí)。
However, he's probably been studying more consistently than you since a very young age.
【譯】而且,他可能從很小的時(shí)候就比你更能堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。
【單詞】consistently [kuhn-'sis-tuhnt-lee][k?n's?st?ntl?] adv. 一致地;始終如一地
Because of this, his brain has been trained over many years to be able to take in information more quickly.
【譯】正因?yàn)槿绱耍拇竽X經(jīng)過多年的訓(xùn)練,能夠更快地接收信息。
【固定用法】be able to do sth. 能夠,會(huì)(做);有能力(或辦法、機(jī)會(huì))做某事;例句:I am able to pick you up on the short wave radio. 我能用短波收音機(jī)收聽到你的信號(hào)。
【短語】take over 表示“接管;接收”。如:I intend you to take over. 我打算讓你來接管。
【單詞】brain [breyn][bre?n] n. 腦;智力;智者
【單詞】trained 原型:train [treyn][tre?n] vt. 訓(xùn)練;培訓(xùn);vi. 進(jìn)行鍛煉,接收訓(xùn)練;練習(xí)
Of course, there is a genetic element to the ability to learn... but I guarantee he wasn't born with an understanding of trigonometry, nor with an ability to analyse Shakespeare.
【譯】當(dāng)然,學(xué)習(xí)能力有遺傳因素。。。但我保證他不是天生就懂得三角學(xué),也沒有分析莎士比亞的能力。
【短語】of course 當(dāng)然
【單詞】genetic [juh-'net-ik][d??'net?k] adj. 遺傳的;基因的;起源的
【單詞】element ['el-uh-muhnt]['el?m?nt] n. 要素;元素;元件
【單詞】ability [uh-'bil-i-tee][?'b?l?ti] n. 能力;才能
【單詞】learn [lurn][l??n] v. 學(xué)會(huì);學(xué)習(xí);得知
【單詞】guarantee [gar-uhn-'tee][?ɡ?r?n'ti?] vt. 保證;擔(dān)保
【單詞】born [bawrn][b??n] adj. 出生的;與生俱來的 動(dòng)詞bear的過去分詞.
【單詞】trigonometry [trig-uh-'nom-i-tree][?tr?ɡ?'n?m?tri] n. 三角法
【單詞】analyse ['an-l-ahyz]['?n?la?z] vt. 分析;細(xì)察
【專有名詞】Shakespeare n. 莎士比亞(英國詩人、劇作家)
It only comes with practice.
【譯】(這些能力)只有在實(shí)踐、練習(xí)后才會(huì)有。
But the amount of practice it requires will vary from one person to another, and a key part of that is how used to learning your brain has already become.
【譯】但是,它所需要的練習(xí)量會(huì)因人而異,其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就是如何習(xí)慣在擋墻大腦的狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
【短語】part of ... (某事物的)一部分;例句:He received part of his education in England. 他有一部分教育是在英國接受的。
【單詞】requires 原型:require [ri-'kwahyuhr][r?'kwa??] v. 要求;需要;命令;規(guī)定
【單詞】vary ['vair-ee]['ve?ri] v. 改變;變化;使多樣化
The good news is that the brain is constantly adapting - the phrase that you can't teach an old dog new tricks has been proven to be wrong.
【譯】好消息是大腦在不斷地適應(yīng)——不能教老狗新技能的說法已經(jīng)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。
【單詞】constantly ['kon-stuhnt]['k?nst?ntli] adv. 不斷地;經(jīng)常地
【單詞】adapting 原型:adapt [uh-'dapt][?'d?pt] vt. 改編;使適應(yīng) vi. 適應(yīng);適合
【單詞】phrase [freyz][fre?z] n. 短語;習(xí)語;措辭
【單詞】teach [teech][ti?t?] vt. 教;教導(dǎo);教授;教訓(xùn) vi. 給予指導(dǎo)
【單詞】tricks 原型:trick [trik][tr?k] n. 花招;把戲;訣竅
【單詞】proven 原型:prove [proov][pru?v] v. 證明;檢驗(yàn)
So if you want to train your brain to be able to do the same, then just take every learning opportunity you have from now on.
【譯】所以,如果你想訓(xùn)練你的大腦,使之能夠做到同樣的事情,那么就從現(xiàn)在開始抓住你所有的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。
Over the course of the next few years your brain, too, will be adapted to learn, and you will find the task relatively easy by the time you finish your degree, if that's the path you choose to take.
【譯】在接下來的幾年里,你的大腦也會(huì)適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí),當(dāng)你完成學(xué)業(yè)時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)相對(duì)容易,如果你選擇了這條路的話。
【單詞】task [task, tahsk][tɑ?sk] n. 任務(wù);工作 vt. 交給某人(任務(wù));使做艱苦的工作
【單詞】relatively ['rel-uh-tiv-lee]['rel?t?vli] adv. 相對(duì)地;比較地
【單詞】finish ['fin-ish]['f?n??] v. 完成;結(jié)束
【單詞】path [path, pahth][pɑ?θ] n. 路線;小路;路程
【單詞】choose [chooz][t?u?z] v. 選擇;決定
The genetic component, is far more important in this case, though as mentioned the person is achieving near the top of the country.
【譯】在這種情況下,基因成分要重要得多,盡管正如之前所提到的那樣,那個(gè)人(的智力)接近于是國家的尖子。
【短語】far more 多得多的,更...的多的;例句:A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities. 在熱鬧的都市里騎自行車往往比坐汽車方便得多。
【單詞】component [kuhm-'poh-nuhnt, kom-][k?m'p??n?nt] n. 零部件;元件;組成部分;成分
【單詞】mentioned 原型:mention ['men-shuhn]['men?n] vt. 提到;說起 n. 提及;說起
【單詞】achieving 原型:achieve [uh-'cheev][?'t?i?v] v. 完成;達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)
When you are one of the best at anything, it is a junction of effort AND genes which are at play.
【譯】當(dāng)你在任何事情上都是最優(yōu)秀的人之一,那就是努力和發(fā)揮作用的基因的結(jié)合。
【單詞】junction ['juhngk-shuhn]['d???k?n] n. 連接;會(huì)合處;交叉點(diǎn)
【單詞】effort ['ef-ert]['ef?t] n. 努力;努力的成果
【單詞】genes 原型:gene [jeen][d?i?n] n. 基因
You can practice as much as you want.
【譯】盡可能地多加練習(xí),你想練多少就練多少。
【用法】as...as 意為"和……一樣",表示同級(jí)的比較。 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:as adj./adv. as sth.;例如:This film is as interesting as that one. 這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。
You're not going to become a concert violinist with mere effort.
【譯】你不可能僅僅靠努力就成為一名音樂會(huì)上的小提琴手。
【單詞】concert ['kon-surt]['k?ns?t] n. 音樂會(huì)
【單詞】violinist [vahy-uh-'lin-ist][?va??'l?n?st] n. 小提琴手
【單詞】mere [meer][m??] adj. 僅僅的;純粹的
It takes will + talent to be the best.
【譯】只有結(jié)合個(gè)人意愿加上天賦才能成為最好的。
【單詞】talent ['tal-uhnt]['t?l?nt] n. 天賦;才能,才藝;天才;人才
He probably has more neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the brain to make new connections and change ones.
【譯】他可能具有更多的神經(jīng)可塑性,即大腦建立新的聯(lián)系和改變聯(lián)系的能力。
【單詞】neuroplasticity [noor-oh-pla-'stis-i-tee][nju?r?pl?s't?s?t?] 神經(jīng)塑性
【單詞】connections 原型:connection [kuh-'nek-shuhn][k?'nek?n] n. 聯(lián)系;關(guān)系;連接
Evolution did not necessarily select for the smartest humans, just humans that are smart enough.
【譯】進(jìn)化并不一定選擇最聰明的人類,只選擇足夠聰明的人類。
【短語】not necessarily表示“未必;不一定”。如:Frustrations are not necessarily bad things in life.
【單詞】Evolution 原型:evolution [ev-uh-'loo-shuhn][?i?v?'lu??n] n. 進(jìn)化;發(fā)展;演變
【單詞】necessarily [nes-uh-'sair-uh-lee, -'ser-][?nes?'ser?li] adv. 必然地;必定地;必需地
【單詞】select [si-'lekt][s?'lekt] v. 選擇;挑選
But that leaves a lot of wiggle room.
【譯】但這留下了很大的回旋余地。
【單詞】leaves 原型:leave [leef][li?f] v. 離開,留下,剩下
【單詞】wiggle ['wig-uhl]['w?ɡl] v. 扭動(dòng);擺動(dòng) n. 扭動(dòng);蠕動(dòng)
Intelligence has a cost.
【譯】智慧是有代價(jià)的。
【單詞】Intelligence 原型:intelligence [in-'tel-i-juhns][?n'tel?d??ns] n. 智力;理解力
For an extreme example, look at Autistic savants: super smart at some things, but at the cost of others, usually social interaction.
【譯】舉一個(gè)極端的例子,看看自閉癥學(xué)者:在某些事情上超級(jí)聰明,但以其他事情為代價(jià),通常是社交。
【單詞】extreme [ik-'streem][?k'stri?m] adj. 極度的;極端的 n. 極端;極限
【單詞】savants 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 n. 學(xué)者(savant的復(fù)數(shù));專家
【單詞】social ['soh-shuhl]['s???l] adj. 社會(huì)的;社會(huì)階層的;群居的;社交的;好交際的;合群的
【單詞】interaction [in-ter-'ak-shuhn][??nt?r'?k?n] n. 相互作用;相互影響;互動(dòng)交流
【專有名詞】Autistic ['aw-tiz-uhm][??'t?st?k] adj. 自閉的
So part of it is just winning the evolutionary lottery.
【譯】所以部分原因就是贏得了進(jìn)化的青睞。
【單詞】winning 原型:win [win][w?n] v. 贏;贏得;獲勝;獲得
【單詞】evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][?i?v?'lu???nri] adj. 進(jìn)化的;發(fā)展的;演變的
【單詞】lottery ['lot-uh-ree]['l?t?ri] n. 彩票
Some people are lucky enough to be born rich, some people are lucky enough to be born hot, some people are lucky enough to be born smart (and occasionally some really lucky bastard gets all of them).
【譯】有些人幸運(yùn)地生來富有,有些人幸運(yùn)地出生就被關(guān)注,有些人幸運(yùn)地生來聰明(偶爾一些真正幸運(yùn)的家伙會(huì)得到所有這些)。
【單詞】lucky ['luhk-ee]['l?ki] adj. 幸運(yùn)的;帶來好運(yùn)的
【單詞】rich [rich][r?t?] adj. 富有的;富饒的;豐富的
【單詞】hot [hot][h?t] adj. 熱的;辣的;強(qiáng)烈的 adv. 激動(dòng)地;趁熱地 v. (使)變熱
【單詞】occasionally [uh-'key-zhuh-nl-ee][?'ke??n?li] adv. 偶爾地
【單詞】bastard ['bas-terd]['bɑ?st?d]? n. 家伙,私生子;混蛋
Part of it may also just be an inherent love of learning.
【譯】它的一部分可能只是一種內(nèi)在的對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛。
【單詞】inherent [in-'her-uhnt, -'heer-][?n'h??r?nt] adj. 固有的;內(nèi)在的
I love learning, I think the universe is an infinitely interesting place.
【譯】我喜歡學(xué)習(xí),我認(rèn)為宇宙是一個(gè)無限有趣的地方。
【單詞】universe ['yoo-nuh-vurs]['ju?n?v??s] n. 宇宙;萬物;世界
【單詞】infinitely ['in-fuh-nit]['?nf?n?tli] adv. 無限地;無窮地
The cost of all that is that I don't keep up with pop culture pretty much at all.
【譯】所有這些的代價(jià)是我根本跟不上流行文化。
【單詞】pop [pop][p?p] adj. 通俗的;流行的;熱門的
【單詞】culture ['kuhl-cher]['k?lt??] n. 栽培;文化
【單詞】pretty ['prit-ee]['pr?ti] adv. 相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
I'm also super jealous of all my creative friends who actually have the motivation to write and draw and create.
【譯】我也非常嫉妒我所有有創(chuàng)造力的朋友,他們有寫作、繪畫和創(chuàng)作的動(dòng)力。
【單詞】jealous ['jel-uh?s]['d?el?s] adj. 妒忌的;羨慕的;嫉妒的
【單詞】creative [kree-'ey-tiv][kri'e?t?v] adj. 創(chuàng)造的,創(chuàng)造性的;創(chuàng)作的
【單詞】motivation [moh-tuh-'vey-shuhn][?m??t?'ve??n] n. 動(dòng)機(jī);動(dòng)力;刺激;積極性
【單詞】draw [draw][dr??] v. 畫
【單詞】create [kree-'eyt][kri'e?t] v. 創(chuàng)造;造成
Everyone has strengths and weaknesses.
【譯】每個(gè)人都有優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。
【單詞】strengths 原型:strength [strengkth][stre?θ] n. 力氣;強(qiáng)度;力量;長處
【單詞】weaknesses 原型:weakness ['week-nis]['wi?kn?s] n. 軟弱;弱點(diǎn);嗜好
That's good for evolution, because it means the species can adapt to more situations.
【譯】這有利于進(jìn)化,因?yàn)檫@意味著整個(gè)物種可以適應(yīng)更多的環(huán)境。
【單詞】evolution [ev-uh-'loo-shuhn][?i?v?'lu??n] n. 進(jìn)化;發(fā)展;演變
【單詞】species ['spee-sheez, -seez]['spi??i?z] n. 種類;(單復(fù)同)物種
【單詞】adapt [uh-'dapt][?'d?pt] vt. 改編;使適應(yīng) vi. 適應(yīng);適合