屬于前端的數(shù)據(jù)庫--indexdDB

indexdDB介紹
IndexedDB是一種 NoSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫,和關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫不同的是,IndexedDB是面向?qū)ο蟮?,它存?chǔ)的是Javascript對(duì)象,類似mangoDB的存儲(chǔ)方式。

IndexedDB是自帶transaction的,所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作都會(huì)綁定到特定的事務(wù)上,并且這些事務(wù)是自動(dòng)提交了,IndexedDB并不支持手動(dòng)提交事務(wù)。

IndexedDB API大部分都是異步的,在使用異步方法的時(shí)候,API不會(huì)立馬返回要查詢的數(shù)據(jù),而是返回一個(gè)callback。
其異步API的本質(zhì)是向數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)送一個(gè)操作請(qǐng)求,當(dāng)操作完成的時(shí)候,會(huì)收到一個(gè)DOM event,通過該event,我們會(huì)知道操作是否成功,并且獲得操作的結(jié)果。

IndexedDB還有一個(gè)很重要的特點(diǎn)是其同源策略,每個(gè)源都會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)到不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫集合,不同源是不允許訪問其他源的數(shù)據(jù)庫,從而保證了IndexedDB的安全性,也就是說它不允許跨域。

indexdDB使用

1.初始化

let db
let openRequest
//兼容瀏覽器寫法
const indexedDB = window.indexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDb || window.mozIndexed || window.msIndexedDB

/**
 * 初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫
 * @param {string} dbName 數(shù)據(jù)庫名
 * @param {Array} tableList 數(shù)據(jù)庫列表
 */

const init = ({ dbName, tableList }) => {
    // 向?yàn)g覽器發(fā)送創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的請(qǐng)求
    // 存在就打開 不存在就新建 第二個(gè)參數(shù)為db 版本
    openRequest = indexedDB.open(dbName)
    // 新的數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建 或者數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本號(hào)被更改會(huì)被觸發(fā)
    openRequest.onupgradeneeded = function (e) {
        // 表的創(chuàng)建在這個(gè)回調(diào)里執(zhí)行,返回表的實(shí)例
        const thisDb = e.target.result
        console.log('onupgradeneeded回調(diào)被觸發(fā)' + thisDb)
        if (tableList?.length) {
            tableList.forEach(table => {
                if (!thisDb.objectStoreNames.contains(table.tableName)) {
                    console.log('數(shù)據(jù)庫列表不包含這張表,此時(shí)新建')
                    // keyPath 主鍵 autoIncrement 是否自增
                    const objectStore = thisDb.createObjectStore(table.tableName, {
                        keyPath: table.keyPath,
                        ...table.attr
                        // autoIncrement: true,
                    })
                    if (table.indexName) {
                        // 創(chuàng)建表的時(shí)候 可以去指定那些字段是可以被索引的字段
                        objectStore.createIndex(table.indexName, table.indexName, {
                            unique: table.unique || false
                        })
                    }
                }
            })
        } else {
            console.error('請(qǐng)傳入數(shù)據(jù)表參數(shù)')
        }
    }
    // 已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建成功的時(shí)候
    openRequest.onsuccess = function (e) {
        db = e.target.result

        db.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('DB error: ' + event.target.errorCode)
            console.dir(event.target)
        }
    }
    // 打開或創(chuàng)建失敗時(shí)調(diào)用
    openRequest.onerror = function (e) {
        console.error('openRequest.onerror', e)
    }
}

點(diǎn)擊按鈕調(diào)用初始化方法,刷新indexdDb,出現(xiàn)我們創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫


1.png

2.增刪查改

增加一條數(shù)據(jù)

/**
 * 新增
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {object} data 數(shù)據(jù)
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const add = ({ tableName, data }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const request = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName).add(data)

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            suc(event.target)
            console.log('數(shù)據(jù)寫入成功', event)
        }

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            fail()
            console.log('數(shù)據(jù)寫入失敗', event)
        }
    })
}

刪除

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵刪除對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {string} key 主鍵
 * @returns {promise}
 */

const remove = ({ tableName, key }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.delete(key)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('更新失敗', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            console.log('刪除成功', event)
            suc()
        }
    })
}

查詢所有數(shù)據(jù)

/**
 * 遍歷所有數(shù)據(jù) 使用游標(biāo)來實(shí)現(xiàn)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const findAll = tableName => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        // 我這里做的是把所有的結(jié)果全部收集起來 當(dāng)然我們可以做其他事情此處拿到的value是每條數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)果、還有primaryKey主鍵、key、與direction
        const result = []
        objectStore.openCursor().onsuccess = function (event) {
            const cursor = event.target.result
            if (cursor) {
                result.push({ ...cursor.value })
                cursor.continue()
            } else {
                suc(result)
                console.log('findAll成功==>' + result)
            }
        }
        objectStore.openCursor().onerror = function (event) {
            console.dir(event)
            fail()
        }
    })
}

查詢單條數(shù)據(jù)

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵查詢對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {string} key 主鍵
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const findOneByMainKey = ({ tableName, key }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        if (!key) {
            fail()
            return
        }
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.get(key)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('根據(jù)主鍵查詢對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function () {
            suc(request.result || {})
        }
    })
}

修改

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵更新對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {object} data 對(duì)應(yīng)的主鍵與值 和 數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @returns {promise}
 */
 const update = ({ tableName, data }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.put(data)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('更新失敗', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            console.log('更新成功', event)
            suc()
        }
    })
}

3.其他一些api封裝的方法,如關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫,清空表數(shù)據(jù)

源碼index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
    <title>indexedDB</title>
    <style>
        .clickBtn {
            width: 200px;
            height: 46px;
            line-height: 46px;
            background-color: #2e82ff;
            color: #ffffff;
            font-size: 18px;
            text-align: center;
            border-radius: 27px;
            position: relative;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-right: 20px;
        }

        .clickBtn::before {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            left: 0px;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            background-image: linear-gradient(to right,
                    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 30%,
                    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 50%,
                    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%);
            background-size: 200%;
            animation: wipes 1s infinite;
        }

        #dataContainer li {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #dataContainer li span {
            margin-right: 20px;
        }

        input {
            appearance: none;
            text-align: center;
            height: 36px;
            width: 248px;
            border-radius: 15px;
            border: 0px solid #fff;
            padding: 0 8px;
            outline: 0;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            color: #fff;
            font-weight: 600;
            background: rgba(45, 45, 45, .10);
            border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);
            box-shadow: 0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .1) inset;
            text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
            -o-transition: all .2s;
            -moz-transition: all .2s;
            -webkit-transition: all .2s;
            -ms-transition: all .2s;
            color: #2e82ff;
        }

        @keyframes wipes {
            0% {
                background-position: 0 0;
            }

            100% {
                background-position: 100% 0;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div style="display: flex;width: 100%; margin: 50px auto">
        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫</span>
        </div>
        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>新增</span>
        </div>
        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>刪除</span>
        </div>
        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>修改</span>
        </div>
        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>查詢單條數(shù)據(jù)</span>
        </div>

        <div class="clickBtn">
            <span>查詢所有</span>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input style="width: 300px;" type="text" placeholder="請(qǐng)輸入需要?jiǎng)h除/更新/查詢數(shù)據(jù)的主鍵值" id="input" />
        <ul id="dataContainer">

        </ul>
    </div>
    <script src="./dbUtils.js"></script>
    <script>
        let mainData = []
        window.onload = () => {
            init({
                // 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
                dbName: 'lbcTestDb',
                // 數(shù)據(jù)表 數(shù)組 如果要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建多個(gè)表,則寫多個(gè)即可
                tableList: [
                    {
                        // 表名
                        tableName: 'testTable',
                        // 主鍵
                        keyPath: 'name'
                        // 對(duì)應(yīng)表的其他屬性
                        // attr:{
                        //    autoIncrement:true, //是否自增
                        // },
                        // indexName: 'index',// 索引 不建議使用 因?yàn)槭褂盟饕?當(dāng)前表必須有數(shù)據(jù)否則直接報(bào)錯(cuò)
                        // unique:false // 對(duì)應(yīng)索引是否唯一
                    }
                ]
            })
        }
        // const ulFragment = document.createDocumentFragment()
        const getDataToRender = (data) => {
            if (!data || !data.length) return
            console.log(data)
            let liHtml = ''
            data.forEach((d, index) => {
                console.log(d)

                liHtml += `<li><span>第${index + 1}條</span><span>姓名:${d.name}</span><span>工號(hào):${d.employNumber}</span></li>`
            });
            document.querySelector('#dataContainer').innerHTML = liHtml
        }
        const getIndexName = (index) => {
            return 'lbc' + index
        }
        const getRandomNumber = () => {
            return parseInt(Math.random() * 100000000)
        }
        const btnDoms = document.querySelectorAll('.clickBtn')
        //初始化
        btnDoms[0].addEventListener('click', () => {
            console.log('初始化')
            init({
                // 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
                dbName: 'lbcTestDb',
                // 數(shù)據(jù)表 數(shù)組 如果要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建多個(gè)表,則寫多個(gè)即可
                tableList: [
                    {
                        // 表名
                        tableName: 'testTable',
                        // 主鍵
                        keyPath: 'name'
                    }
                ]
            })
        })
        //新增
        let count = parseInt(Math.random() * 100000)
        btnDoms[1].addEventListener('click', () => {
            count++
            add({
                // 加到那個(gè)表里
                tableName: 'testTable',
                // data是要添加的數(shù)據(jù)
                data: {
                    // 對(duì)應(yīng)的主鍵與值 此處主鍵為name 
                    name: getIndexName(count),
                    //  數(shù)據(jù)
                    employNumber: getRandomNumber(),
                }
            }).then(async () => {
                const data = await findAll('testTable')
                getDataToRender(data)
            })
        })
        //刪除
        btnDoms[2].addEventListener('click', async () => {
            // return console.log('11111')
            const data = await findAll('testTable')
            remove({
                tableName: 'testTable',
                key: data[4].name,
            }).then(async () => {
                console.log('刪除第3條')
                const data = await findAll('testTable')
                getDataToRender(data)
            })
        })
        //修改
        btnDoms[3].addEventListener('click', () => {
            // return console.log(document.querySelector('#input').value)
            let name = document.querySelector('#input').value || 'lbc4'
            update({
                // 表名
                tableName: 'testTable',
                // 對(duì)應(yīng)的主鍵與值 和 數(shù)據(jù) 此處主鍵為userId 主鍵值為id
                data: {
                    name,
                    employNumber: "update" + getRandomNumber()
                },
            }).then(async () => {
                // const data = await findAll('testTable')
                // getDataToRender(data)
                findOneByMainKey({
                    // 表名
                    tableName: 'testTable',
                    // 主鍵值
                    key: name,
                }).then(async (res) => {
                    console.log("查詢:" + name, res)
                    getDataToRender([res])
                })
            })
        })
        //查詢單個(gè)(通過主鍵)
        btnDoms[4].addEventListener('click', () => {
            // return console.log('11111')
            let name = document.querySelector('#input').value || 'lbc4'
            findOneByMainKey({
                // 表名
                tableName: 'testTable',
                // 主鍵值
                key: name,
            }).then(async (res) => {
                console.log("查詢lbc4", res)
                getDataToRender([res])
            })
        })
        //查詢所有
        btnDoms[5].addEventListener('click', () => {
            // return console.log('11111')
            findAll('testTable'
            ).then(res => {
                console.log("查詢所有", res)
                getDataToRender(res)
            })
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

源碼dbUtils.js

// @ts-nocheck
let db
let openRequest
//兼容瀏覽器寫法
const indexedDB = window.indexedDB || window.webkitIndexedDb || window.mozIndexed || window.msIndexedDB

/**
 * 初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫
 * @param {string} dbName 數(shù)據(jù)庫名
 * @param {Array} tableList 數(shù)據(jù)表
 */

const init = ({ dbName, tableList }) => {
    // 向?yàn)g覽器發(fā)送創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的請(qǐng)求
    // 存在就打開 不存在就新建 第二個(gè)參數(shù)為db 版本
    openRequest = indexedDB.open(dbName)
    // 新的數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建 或者數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本號(hào)被更改會(huì)被觸發(fā)
    openRequest.onupgradeneeded = function (e) {
        // 表的創(chuàng)建在這個(gè)回調(diào)里執(zhí)行,返回表的實(shí)例
        const thisDb = e.target.result
        console.log('onupgradeneeded回調(diào)被觸發(fā)' + thisDb)
        if (tableList?.length) {
            tableList.forEach(table => {
                if (!thisDb.objectStoreNames.contains(table.tableName)) {
                    console.log('數(shù)據(jù)庫列表不包含這張表,此時(shí)新建')
                    // keyPath 主鍵 autoIncrement 是否自增
                    const objectStore = thisDb.createObjectStore(table.tableName, {
                        keyPath: table.keyPath,
                        ...table.attr
                        // autoIncrement: true,
                    })
                    if (table.indexName) {
                        // 創(chuàng)建表的時(shí)候 可以去指定那些字段是可以被索引的字段
                        objectStore.createIndex(table.indexName, table.indexName, {
                            unique: table.unique || false
                        })
                    }
                }
            })
        } else {
            console.error('請(qǐng)傳入數(shù)據(jù)表參數(shù)')
        }
    }
    // 已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建成功的時(shí)候
    openRequest.onsuccess = function (e) {
        db = e.target.result

        db.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('DB error: ' + event.target.errorCode)
            console.dir(event.target)
        }
    }
    // 打開或創(chuàng)建失敗時(shí)調(diào)用
    openRequest.onerror = function (e) {
        console.error('openRequest.onerror', e)
    }
}

/**
 * 新增
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {object} data 數(shù)據(jù)
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const add = ({ tableName, data }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const request = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName).add(data)

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            suc(event.target)
            console.log('數(shù)據(jù)寫入成功', event)
        }

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            fail()
            console.log('數(shù)據(jù)寫入失敗', event)
        }
    })
}

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵刪除對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {string} key 主鍵
 * @returns {promise}
 */

const remove = ({ tableName, key }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.delete(key)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('更新失敗', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            console.log('刪除成功', event)
            suc()
        }
    })
}

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵更新對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {object} data 對(duì)應(yīng)的主鍵與值 和 數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const update = ({ tableName, data }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.put(data)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('更新失敗', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            console.log('更新成功', event)
            suc()
        }
    })
}

/**
 * 遍歷所有數(shù)據(jù) 使用游標(biāo)來實(shí)現(xiàn)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const findAll = tableName => {
    // return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
    //     const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
    //     const result = []
    //     objectStore.openCursor().onsuccess = function (event) {
    //         const cursor = event.target.result
    //         if (cursor) {
    //             result.push({ ...cursor.value })
    //             cursor.continue()
    //         } else {
    //             suc(result)
    //             console.log('findAll成功==>' + result)
    //         }
    //     }
    //     objectStore.openCursor().onerror = function (event) {
    //         console.dir(event)
    //         fail()
    //     }
    // })
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.getAll()

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            fail()
            console.log('readAll--->讀取表事務(wù)失敗', event)
        }

        request.onsuccess = function () {
            suc(request.result || [])
        }
    })
}

/**
 * 根據(jù)主鍵查詢對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
 * @param {string} tableName 表名
 * @param {string} key 主鍵
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const findOneByMainKey = ({ tableName, key }) => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        if (!key) {
            fail()
            return
        }
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.get(key)

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.error('根據(jù)主鍵查詢對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function () {
            suc(request.result || {})
        }
    })
}

/**
 * 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
 * @param {string} DB_NAME 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
 * @returns
 */
const deleteDB = async DB_NAME => {
    return indexedDB.deleteDatabase(DB_NAME)
}

/**
 * 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
 * @param {string} DB_NAME 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
 * @returns
 */
const closeDB = DB_NAME => {
    return indexedDB.close(DB_NAME)
}
/**
 * 清除表
 * @param {string} tableName
 * @returns {promise}
 */
const clearTable = tableName => {
    return new Promise((suc, fail) => {
        const objectStore = db.transaction([tableName], 'readwrite').objectStore(tableName)
        const request = objectStore.clear()

        request.onerror = function (event) {
            console.log('事務(wù)失敗', event)
            fail()
        }

        request.onsuccess = function (event) {
            console.log('清除成功', event)
            suc()
        }
    })
}
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