1. 引言

利用scrapy框架爬取微博熱搜榜網(wǎng)站前50條熱搜。

爬取信息：熱搜排名、熱搜新聞名、熱搜新聞熱搜量。

數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)：存儲(chǔ)為.csv文件。

2.爬取流程

• 新建scrapy爬蟲項(xiàng)目：
  在終端輸入以下代碼，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)基于scrapy框架的爬蟲項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目為：weiboreshou。

scrapy startproject weiboreshou

終端

• 在weiboreshou項(xiàng)目下新建爬蟲程序文件
  在終端輸入以下代碼，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為reshou的爬蟲程序文件。

cd weigoreshou
scrapy genspider reshou s.weibo.com

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新建的項(xiàng)目包含以下文件：

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在這里插入圖片描述

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• 編寫items.py文件，定義需要獲取的信息字段。

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class WeiboreshouItem(scrapy.Item):
    order = scrapy.Field() #熱搜排名
    news = scrapy.Field() #熱搜新聞
    number = scrapy.Field() #熱搜量
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    #pass

• 編寫settings.py程序，進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目的一些設(shè)置

# Scrapy settings for weiboreshou project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'weiboreshou'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['weiboreshou.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'weiboreshou.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'weiboreshou (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False #設(shè)置為不遵守ROBOTSTXT協(xié)議

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 #設(shè)置下載延遲時(shí)間為3秒
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.131 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.73'
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'weiboreshou.middlewares.WeiboreshouSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'weiboreshou.middlewares.WeiboreshouDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    'weiboreshou.pipelines.WeiboreshouPipeline': 300,
#}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

• 編寫reshou.py文件，爬取網(wǎng)站信息
  利用CSS選擇器定位所需信息的位置，解析HTML源碼。

  
  
  在這里插入圖片描述

import scrapy
from ..items import WeiboreshouItem

class ReshouSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'reshou'
    allowed_domains = ['s.weibo.com']
    start_urls = ['https://s.weibo.com/top/summary']

    def parse(self, response):
        
        list_selector = response.css('tbody tr')
        
        for one_selector in list_selector:
            
            order = one_selector.css(' td.ranktop::text').extract()
            news = one_selector.css(' a::text').extract()
            number = one_selector.css(' span::text').extract()
            
            item = WeiboreshouItem()
            
            item['order'] = order
            item['news'] = news
            item['number'] = number
            
            yield item
        #pass

• 在終端輸入以下程序，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)爬取

scrapy crawl reshou -o reshou.csv

3.查看輸出數(shù)據(jù)

吳亦凡被批捕

寫在最后

關(guān)于scrapy框架，大家可以參考本專欄中的《功能強(qiáng)大的python包（八）：Scrapy（網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲）》