在學術英語寫作或翻譯中，有五個語言問題需要注意。

第一，避免使用縮略語。

類似于“don’t”、“can’t”和“won’t”等詞不可使用縮略語，必須使用完整形式“do not”、“cannot”和“will not”。

第二，避免使用口語詞匯。

口語詞匯有時候無法體現(xiàn)學術文本的精確性，也不夠正式。

如：退休是大多數(shù)人遲早要面對的。Retirement is something most of us must face sooner or later.這句話的翻譯比較口語化，在學術文本中，應使用相對正式的表達：Retirement is inevitable.

第三，避免使用省略語。

省略語如“and so forth”、“and so on”和“etc.”等盡量少用甚至不用，盡量將句子意思表達完整。

例1：護士必須考慮患者在過敏、藥物使用和醫(yī)療條件等因素影響下的飲食需要。

譯文1：Nurses must take into consideration patients' dietary needs resulting from allergies, medication, medical conditions?and so on.

譯文2：Nurses must take into consideration patients' dietary needs resulting from allergies, medication and medical conditions.

例2：公共交通工具包括在公路、航空和水路上使用的公共運輸工具。

譯文1：Public transport includes vehicles for public use on the roads, airways, waterways?etc.

譯文2：Public transport includes vehicles for public use, such as buses, trains and aeroplanes.

第四，避免使用修辭性問句。

在中文翻譯為英文時，應該盡量將修辭性的問句轉換為陳述句。

例1：工業(yè)用地導致大量環(huán)境污染，那么為什么我們還要使用呢？

譯文1：Industrial sites cause vast amounts of environmental pollution,?so why do we still use them?

譯文2：The question surrounding the continued use of industrial sites, given their vast pollution production, still remains.

例2：什么是團隊？團隊可以是一個人，但常常會發(fā)展成很多人。

譯文1：What is a team??A team can be one person but will usually end up including many more.

譯文2：A team can include one person but usually involves many more.

例3：但問題是，“設計學校模式”可以為制定策略提供切實的解決方案嗎？

譯文1：The question is, however,?does the "Design School Model" provide a practical solution to the problem of how to formulate strategy?

譯文2：It is questionable whether the "Design School Model" provides a practical solution to the problem of strategy formulation.

第五，避免將副詞置于句首或句尾。

在學術性文體中，副詞應置于動詞詞組之間，而不是放在句首或句尾。

例1：那么解決方案就可以被丟棄了。

譯文1：Then?the solution can be discarded.

譯文2：The solution can?then?be discarded.

例2：血液被慢慢抽了出來。

譯文1：The blood is withdrawn?slowly.

譯文2：The blood is?slowly?withdrawn.