dnsmasq是什么我就不說了，請自行百度。
目前我需要使用的用途是：
1.dhcp（分配一個或者多個內(nèi)網(wǎng)ip地址）
2.dns（鎖定解析，改變解析指向和dns緩存）
3.簡便，一次滿足dhcp和dns 2個功能
備注：
dhcp是用udp 67端口的，dns是用tcp/udp 53端口的，有iptables的請自行處理
如何安裝：
因為他方便小巧，性價比高，所以我yum了
yum install dnsmasq
如何啟動關(guān)閉 重啟
service dnsmasq stop
Shutting down dnsmasq: [ OK ]
service dhcrelay start
Starting dhcrelay: [OK]
如何查看日志
tail -f /var/log/messages
目前我用到的配置，請各位參考對號入座：
resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq.conf
server=/testdns.com/172.16.0.1
address=/www.test.com/192.168.0.12
interface=p3p1
listen-address=127.0.0.1,172.16.0.1
bind-interfaces
addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasq.host
dhcp-range=172.16.0.30,172.16.1.254,255.255.128.0,30m
dhcp-host=B8:EE:65:D2:F9:B4,fred,172.16.1.139
dhcp-option=3,172.16.0.1
dhcp-option=19,0 # option ip-forwarding off
dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0 # set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s)
dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0 # netbios datagram distribution server
dhcp-option=46,8 # netbios node type
dhcp-lease-max=500
dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leases
cache-size=1000
dhcp-option=252,"\n"
詳細(xì)配置翻譯在這里：
btw：
感謝jianshu不支持代碼格式化 - 。-
Configuration file for dnsmasq.
Format is one option per line, legal options are the same
as the long options legal on the command line. See
"/usr/sbin/dnsmasq --help" or "man 8 dnsmasq" for details.The following two options make you a better netizen, since they
tell dnsmasq to filter out queries which the public DNS cannot
answer, and which load the servers (especially the root servers)
uneccessarily. If you have a dial-on-demand link they also stop
these requests from bringing up the link uneccessarily.Never forward plain names (without a dot or domain part)
不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)無格式的域名（沒有.的或者只有一部分的殘缺域名）【不常用】
domain-needed
Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.
在未發(fā)送的地址空間內(nèi)不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)域名地址，根據(jù)上下文信息，我的理解是在不通的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下不做轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)【不常用】
bogus-privUncomment this to filter useless windows-originated DNS requests
which can trigger dial-on-demand links needlessly.
Note that (amongst other things) this blocks all SRV requests,
so don't use it if you use eg Kerberos, SIP, XMMP or Google-talk.
This option only affects forwarding, SRV records originating for
dnsmasq (via srv-host= lines) are not suppressed by it.
這是跟ad相關(guān)的東西，微軟的特殊請求包，如果要使用kerberos，sip，xmmp gtlak那些就需要打開配置【不常用】
引用信息：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuangxuqiang/archive/2009/04/28/1445113.html
filterwin2kChange this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from
somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf
這個是很有用的東西，因為你要做自定義dns控制的話，最好單獨獨立一份dns服務(wù)器地址清單，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的/etc/resolv.conf是會變化的，尤其是新版本的linux系統(tǒng)會跟隨網(wǎng)卡配置變化或者其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理套件變化，為了可靠性，單獨獨立一份出來管理，所以需要打開這個配置
resolv-file=By default, dnsmasq will send queries to any of the upstream
servers it knows about and tries to favour servers to are known
to be up. Uncommenting this forces dnsmasq to try each query
with each server strictly in the order they appear in
/etc/resolv.conf
強(qiáng)制按照resolv.conf的dns服務(wù)器順序來進(jìn)行解析，可能會有時候上游dns服務(wù)器的不穩(wěn)定，可能a.dns服務(wù)器最近解析很慢，b.dns服務(wù)器最近解析很快，那么調(diào)整一下順序，先走a再到b，你可以找到一個穩(wěn)定的dns服務(wù)器使用順序，這樣也可以使用這個配置來優(yōu)化一下，一般情況沒必要【不常用】
strict-orderIf you don't want dnsmasq to read /etc/resolv.conf or any other
file, getting its servers from this file instead (see below), then
uncomment this.
不使用/etc/resolv.conf來進(jìn)行上游dns服務(wù)器解析，這里跟上面的resolv-file配置配合使用，打開了這個配置然后指定一個新的resolv-file
no-resolvIf you don't want dnsmasq to poll /etc/resolv.conf or other resolv
files for changes and re-read them then uncomment this.
這個是是否輪訓(xùn)dns解析，例如a.dns解析不了去b.dns然后b.dns不行了又去a.dns【不常用】
no-pollAdd other name servers here, with domain specs if they are for
non-public domains.
配置內(nèi)網(wǎng)其他dns服務(wù)器的域名解析，一般來說用dnsmasq的環(huán)境不是復(fù)雜環(huán)境，所以不需要那么多【不常用】
server=/localnet/192.168.0.1Example of routing PTR queries to nameservers: this will send all
address->name queries for 192.168.3/24 to nameserver 10.1.2.3
反向解析記錄，一般用于郵件系統(tǒng)，正向解析就是從域名到ip這樣解析，反向就是從ip到域名【不常用】
server=/3.168.192.in-addr.arpa/10.1.2.3Add local-only domains here, queries in these domains are answered
from /etc/hosts or DHCP only.
設(shè)置本機(jī)使用域名，或許一些一定要用本機(jī)域名的程序要用，但不常見【不常用】
local=/localnet/Add domains which you want to force to an IP address here.
The example below send any host in doubleclick.net to a local
webserver.
這個是好家伙，強(qiáng)制解析，類似寫host的效果，這樣可以做域名綁定，避免被dns污染，也支持泛解析*號，現(xiàn)在世界都很危險，還是要保留內(nèi)心的一絲純潔的
address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1--address (and --server) work with IPv6 addresses too.
上面配置的加強(qiáng)版，支持ipv6
address=/www.thekelleys.org.uk/fe80::20d:60ff:fe36:f83You can control how dnsmasq talks to a server: this forces
queries to 10.1.2.3 to be routed via eth1
控制某臺dns的解析請求從某個網(wǎng)卡出去【不常用】
--server=10.1.2.3@eth1and this sets the source (ie local) address used to talk to
10.1.2.3 to 192.168.1.1 port 55 (there must be a interface with that
IP on the machine, obviously).
指定一個源地址去訪問某個目標(biāo)地址的某個端口，有點類似iptables的forward，實現(xiàn)原理不太懂，但這個會有用途的，例如強(qiáng)制門戶，做中轉(zhuǎn)，內(nèi)網(wǎng)會較常用，簡單的重定向，跟address作用類似
--server=10.1.2.3@192.168.1.155If you want dnsmasq to change uid and gid to something other
than the default, edit the following lines.
簡單易懂就不說了
user=
group=If you want dnsmasq to listen for DHCP and DNS requests only on
specified interfaces (and the loopback) give the name of the
interface (eg eth0) here.
Repeat the line for more than one interface.
指定監(jiān)聽某個接口，例如某張網(wǎng)卡，
interface=
Or you can specify which interface not to listen on
指定排除監(jiān)聽某個接口
except-interface=
Or which to listen on by address (remember to include 127.0.0.1 if
you use this.)
這個是重要選項，監(jiān)聽地址，要寫上ip地址加上127.0.0.1，因為IP地址是給你的client機(jī)用的，127.0.0.1是給dnsmasq用的，為什么呢，是因為你要做dns緩存，要訪問自己即是本機(jī)，格式就是ip,127.0.0.1
listen-address=
If you want dnsmasq to provide only DNS service on an interface,
configure it as shown above, and then use the following line to
disable DHCP on it.
只提供dns服務(wù)，不提供dhcp服務(wù)，這個是因為一個內(nèi)網(wǎng)是不可能有多臺dhcp服務(wù)器的，多個dhcp會導(dǎo)致dhcp廣播混亂，可能會造成的影響就是我分到了一個ip卻上不了網(wǎng)，因為分給你ip的dhcp服務(wù)器是給上內(nèi)網(wǎng)用的。
no-dhcp-interface=On systems which support it, dnsmasq binds the wildcard address,
even when it is listening on only some interfaces. It then discards
requests that it shouldn't reply to. This has the advantage of
working even when interfaces come and go and change address. If you
want dnsmasq to really bind only the interfaces it is listening on,
uncomment this option. About the only time you may need this is when
running another nameserver on the same machine.
綁定了網(wǎng)卡之后會保證dnsmasq不去騷擾其他網(wǎng)卡，保證請求不亂發(fā)，一般跟interface一起使用
bind-interfacesIf you don't want dnsmasq to read /etc/hosts, uncomment the
following line.
是否使用hosts，如果你在上面的都指定好了固定的解析，如server=/localnet/192.168.0.1 那么可以只使用這個解析，不用hosts，不過嘛，hosts方便一點，而且hosts可以在dns掛了的情況下剩下，雖然只是本機(jī)服務(wù)器生效，還是建議用hosts的，只要整理好解析和hosts的列表就好了
no-hosts
or if you want it to read another file, as well as /etc/hosts, use
this.
使用另外一個文件代替hosts，這樣就可以不騷擾本機(jī)的host 從而保證服務(wù)器固有host不被影響，也可以給dnsmasq使用特別的hosts
addn-hosts=/etc/banner_add_hostsSet this (and domain: see below) if you want to have a domain
automatically added to simple names in a hosts-file.
自動給hosts的域名增加一個簡單的名字，搭配下面的domain用的，【不常用】
expand-hostsSet the domain for dnsmasq. this is optional, but if it is set, it
does the following things.
- Allows DHCP hosts to have fully qualified domain names, as long
as the domain part matches this setting.- Sets the "domain" DHCP option thereby potentially setting the
domain of all systems configured by DHCP- Provides the domain part for "expand-hosts"
給dhcp服務(wù)器賦予一個域名，個人感覺不需要
domain=thekelleys.org.ukSet a different domain for a particular subnet
給一個dhcp子域一個域名，蛋疼了，還沒想到為嘛要這樣做，dhcp只是一個分配ip的叔叔，不過在ad服務(wù)器之類的環(huán)境是需要dns后綴的，因為ad需要客戶端的域名來找到主機(jī)
domain=wireless.thekelleys.org.uk,192.168.2.0/24Same idea, but range rather then subnet
雷同。
domain=reserved.thekelleys.org.uk,192.68.3.100,192.168.3.200Uncomment this to enable the integrated DHCP server, you need
to supply the range of addresses available for lease and optionally
a lease time. If you have more than one network, you will need to
repeat this for each network on which you want to supply DHCP
service.
這個是重要的東西，設(shè)置dhcp的ip發(fā)配range，就是你的dhcp服務(wù)器分配多少個ip出來，ip的范圍從哪里到哪里，默認(rèn)是c類網(wǎng)段，所以簡略了掩碼，后面增加一個租約時間，dhcp分配的ip是有租約的，租約過了是需要回收的。
dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12hThis is an example of a DHCP range where the netmask is given. This
is needed for networks we reach the dnsmasq DHCP server via a relay
agent. If you don't know what a DHCP relay agent is, you probably
don't need to worry about this.
這就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語法，分配c類網(wǎng)段，12h租約，支持多個subnet，多行寫就行了，不過需要注意的是多個網(wǎng)段是需要dhcp中繼的，dhcp中繼請自行百度，大概就是獨立一個網(wǎng)卡，監(jiān)聽dhcp的御用67 udp和tcp端口，連接主dhcp服務(wù)器
dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,255.255.255.0,12hThis is an example of a DHCP range with a network-id, so that
some DHCP options may be set only for this network.
可以在分配ip的時候授予這些ip一個名字，也可以叫做network-id，用來識別這個標(biāo)志是屬于這些ip的，用途在下面會說到。但這屬于高級功能，還不一定所有client設(shè)備都能夠支持，所以了解一下按需使用就好了。
dhcp-range=red,192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150Supply parameters for specified hosts using DHCP. There are lots
of valid alternatives, so we will give examples of each. Note that
IP addresses DO NOT have to be in the range given above, they just
need to be on the same network. The order of the parameters in these
do not matter, it's permissble to give name,adddress and MAC in any orderAlways allocate the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
The IP address 192.168.0.60
綁定網(wǎng)卡地址對應(yīng)ip地址，用的是host的方式，類似在hosts文件寫一個host name 對應(yīng)一個ip，所以這個不是arp綁定，要區(qū)分。
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.0.60Always set the name of the host with hardware address
11:22:33:44:55:66 to be "fred"
綁定mac地址對應(yīng)一個host name ，我個人覺得綁定mac對應(yīng)ip就足夠了，綁定對應(yīng)名字比較少見
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fredAlways give the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
the name fred and IP address 192.168.0.60 and lease time 45 minutes
這個是組合版，綁定某個mac對應(yīng)fred名字，然后加上一個ip分配，并設(shè)置租約，這個只能說是靈活配置的參考，沒啥實際意義
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fred,192.168.0.60,45mGive a host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66 or
12:34:56:78:90:12 the IP address 192.168.0.60. Dnsmasq will assume
that these two ethernet interfaces will never be in use at the same
time, and give the IP address to the second, even if it is already
in use by the first. Useful for laptops with wired and wireless
addresses.
綁定一個ip對應(yīng)多mac地址，用途場景存在于實驗室和無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我想，只是為了讓2塊網(wǎng)卡用同一個ip這樣單純而純潔的需求而已【不常用】
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,12:34:56:78:90:12,192.168.0.60Give the machine which says its name is "bert" IP address
192.168.0.70 and an infinite lease
綁定名字對應(yīng)ip，并且給了一個新參數(shù)，無限租約
dhcp-host=bert,192.168.0.70,infiniteAlways give the host with client identifier 01:02:02:04
the IP address 192.168.0.60
給予一個特殊標(biāo)識符對應(yīng)ip，用途不明
dhcp-host=id:01:02:02:04,192.168.0.60Always give the host with client identifier "marjorie"
the IP address 192.168.0.60
跟上一條類似，只是標(biāo)識符還支持普通字符字串
dhcp-host=id:marjorie,192.168.0.60Enable the address given for "judge" in /etc/hosts
to be given to a machine presenting the name "judge" when
it asks for a DHCP lease.
用hosts文件的名字來分配ip【不常用】
dhcp-host=judgeNever offer DHCP service to a machine whose ethernet
address is 11:22:33:44:55:66
使用忽略參數(shù)，遇到某個mac網(wǎng)卡的時候不分配ip
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,ignoreIgnore any client-id presented by the machine with ethernet
address 11:22:33:44:55:66. This is useful to prevent a machine
being treated differently when running under different OS's or
between PXE boot and OS boot.
關(guān)于pxe的不描述了
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,id:*Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to
the machine with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,net:redSend extra options which are tagged as "red" to
any machine with ethernet address starting 11:22:33:
dhcp-host=11:22:33:::*,net:redIgnore any clients which are specified in dhcp-host lines
or /etc/ethers. Equivalent to ISC "deny unkown-clients".
This relies on the special "known" tag which is set when
a host is matched.
dhcp-ignore=knownSend extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine whose
DHCP vendorclass string includes the substring "Linux"
dhcp-vendorclass=red,LinuxSend extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine one
of whose DHCP userclass strings includes the substring "accounts"
dhcp-userclass=red,accountsSend extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine whose
MAC address matches the pattern.
dhcp-mac=red,00:60:8C:::*If this line is uncommented, dnsmasq will read /etc/ethers and act
on the ethernet-address/IP pairs found there just as if they had
been given as --dhcp-host options. Useful if you keep
MAC-address/host mappings there for other purposes.
使用額外的文件代替主配置文件來處理dhcp-host的匹配，這個主要為了方便管理，將所有需要用到的dhcp-host配置都搬進(jìn)去
read-ethersSend options to hosts which ask for a DHCP lease.
See RFC 2132 for details of available options.
Common options can be given to dnsmasq by name:
run "dnsmasq --help dhcp" to get a list.
Note that all the common settings, such as netmask and
broadcast address, DNS server and default route, are given
sane defaults by dnsmasq. You very likely will not need
any dhcp-options. If you use Windows clients and Samba, there
are some options which are recommended, they are detailed at the
end of this section.Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq, which assumes the
router is the same machine as the one running dnsmasq.
設(shè)置默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)，這是指dhcp下發(fā)ip后，client的ip獲取到的網(wǎng)關(guān)信息，很有用，還可以做多種靜態(tài)路由，3代表默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)，后面跟ip或者子網(wǎng)
dhcp-option=3,1.2.3.4Do the same thing, but using the option name
或者可以直接寫關(guān)鍵字router也是代表靜態(tài)網(wǎng)關(guān)
dhcp-option=option:router,1.2.3.4Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq and send no default
route at all. Note that this only works for the options sent by
default (1, 3, 6, 12, 28) the same line will send a zero-length option
for all other option numbers.
dhcp-option=3Set the NTP time server addresses to 192.168.0.4 and 10.10.0.5
設(shè)置ntp服務(wù)器，不知道怎么驗證，暫時不用
dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.4,10.10.0.5Set the NTP time server address to be the same machine as
is running dnsmasq
dhcp-option=42,0.0.0.0Set the NIS domain name to "welly"
dhcp-option=40,wellySet the default time-to-live to 50
TTL現(xiàn)在一般都是指路由跳數(shù)了，50足夠了。
dhcp-option=23,50Set the "all subnets are local" flag
dhcp-option=27,1Send the etherboot magic flag and then etherboot options (a string).
dhcp-option=128,e4:45:74:68:00:00
dhcp-option=129,NIC=eepro100Specify an option which will only be sent to the "red" network
(see dhcp-range for the declaration of the "red" network)
Note that the net: part must precede the option: part.
dhcp-option = net:red, option:ntp-server, 192.168.1.1The following DHCP options set up dnsmasq in the same way as is specified
for the ISC dhcpcd in
http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/docs/textdocs/DHCP-Server-Configuration.txt
adapted for a typical dnsmasq installation where the host running
dnsmasq is also the host running samba.
you may want to uncomment some or all of them if you use
Windows clients and Samba.
用windows作為client端要把這個帶上，這樣會快一點獲取ip
dhcp-option=19,0 option ip-forwarding off
dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0 set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s)
dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0 netbios datagram distribution server
dhcp-option=46,8 netbios node typeSend RFC-3397 DNS domain search DHCP option. WARNING: Your DHCP client
probably doesn't support this......
dhcp-option=option:domain-search,eng.apple.com,marketing.apple.comSend RFC-3442 classless static routes (note the netmask encoding)
dhcp-option=121,192.168.1.0/24,1.2.3.4,10.0.0.0/8,5.6.7.8Send vendor-class specific options encapsulated in DHCP option 43.
The meaning of the options is defined by the vendor-class so
options are sent only when the client supplied vendor class
matches the class given here. (A substring match is OK, so "MSFT"
matches "MSFT" and "MSFT 5.0"). This example sets the
mtftp address to 0.0.0.0 for PXEClients.
dhcp-option=vendor:PXEClient,1,0.0.0.0Send microsoft-specific option to tell windows to release the DHCP lease
when it shuts down. Note the "i" flag, to tell dnsmasq to send the
value as a four-byte integer - that's what microsoft wants. See
http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/library/a70f1bb7-d2d4-49f0-96d6-4b7414ecfaae1033.mspx?mfr=true
dhcp-option=vendor:MSFT,2,1iSend the Encapsulated-vendor-class ID needed by some configurations of
Etherboot to allow is to recognise the DHCP server.
dhcp-option=vendor:Etherboot,60,"Etherboot"Send options to PXELinux. Note that we need to send the options even
though they don't appear in the parameter request list, so we need
to use dhcp-option-force here.
See http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.phpspecial for details.
Magic number - needed before anything else is recognised
dhcp-option-force=208,f1:00:74:7e
Configuration file name
dhcp-option-force=209,configs/common
Path prefix
dhcp-option-force=210,/tftpboot/pxelinux/files/
Reboot time. (Note 'i' to send 32-bit value)
dhcp-option-force=211,30iSet the boot filename for netboot/PXE. You will only need
this is you want to boot machines over the network and you will need
a TFTP server; either dnsmasq's built in TFTP server or an
external one. (See below for how to enable the TFTP server.)
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0Boot for Etherboot gPXE. The idea is to send two different
filenames, the first loads gPXE, and the second tells gPXE what to
load. The dhcp-match sets the gpxe tag for requests from gPXE.
dhcp-match=gpxe,175 gPXE sends a 175 option.
dhcp-boot=net:gpxe,undionly.kpxe
dhcp-boot=mybootimageEncapsulated options for Etherboot gPXE. All the options are
encapsulated within option 175
dhcp-option=encap:175, 1, 5b priority code
dhcp-option=encap:175, 176, 1b no-proxydhcp
dhcp-option=encap:175, 177, string bus-id
dhcp-option=encap:175, 189, 1b BIOS drive code
dhcp-option=encap:175, 190, user iSCSI username
dhcp-option=encap:175, 191, pass iSCSI passwordTest for the architecture of a netboot client. PXE clients are
supposed to send their architecture as option 93. (See RFC 4578)
dhcp-match=peecees, option:client-arch, 0 x86-32
dhcp-match=itanics, option:client-arch, 2 IA64
dhcp-match=hammers, option:client-arch, 6 x86-64
dhcp-match=mactels, option:client-arch, 7 EFI x86-64Do real PXE, rather than just booting a single file, this is an
alternative to dhcp-boot.
pxe-prompt="What system shall I netboot?"
or with timeout before first available action is taken:
pxe-prompt="Press F8 for menu.", 60Available boot services. for PXE.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Boot from local disk", 0Loads <tftp-root>/pxelinux.0 from dnsmasq TFTP server.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Linux", pxelinuxLoads <tftp-root>/pxelinux.0 from TFTP server at 1.2.3.4.
Beware this fails on old PXE ROMS.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Linux", pxelinux, 1.2.3.4Use bootserver on network, found my multicast or broadcast.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install windows from RIS server", 1Use bootserver at a known IP address.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install windows from RIS server", 1, 1.2.3.4If you have multicast-FTP available,
information for that can be passed in a similar way using options 1
to 5. See page 19 of
http://download.intel.com/design/archives/wfm/downloads/pxespec.pdfEnable dnsmasq's built-in TFTP server
enable-tftpSet the root directory for files availble via FTP.
tftp-root=/var/ftpdMake the TFTP server more secure: with this set, only files owned by
the user dnsmasq is running as will be send over the net.
tftp-secureSet the boot file name only when the "red" tag is set.
dhcp-boot=net:red,pxelinux.red-netAn example of dhcp-boot with an external TFTP server: the name and IP
address of the server are given after the filename.
Can fail with old PXE ROMS. Overridden by --pxe-service.
dhcp-boot=/var/ftpd/pxelinux.0,boothost,192.168.0.3Set the limit on DHCP leases, the default is 150
根據(jù)配置的subnet來配置這個值，這個就是dhcp分配的ip池
dhcp-lease-max=150The DHCP server needs somewhere on disk to keep its lease database.
This defaults to a sane location, but if you want to change it, use
the line below.
查看dhcp的log
dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leasesSet the DHCP server to authoritative mode. In this mode it will barge in
and take over the lease for any client which broadcasts on the network,
whether it has a record of the lease or not. This avoids long timeouts
when a machine wakes up on a new network. DO NOT enable this if there's
the slighest chance that you might end up accidentally configuring a DHCP
server for your campus/company accidentally. The ISC server uses
the same option, and this URL provides more information:
http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/sw/dhcp/authoritative.php
dhcp-authoritativeRun an executable when a DHCP lease is created or destroyed.
The arguments sent to the script are "add" or "del",
then the MAC address, the IP address and finally the hostname
if there is one.
dhcp-script=/bin/echoSet the cachesize here.
配置dns緩存池的大小，默認(rèn)150，嘛設(shè)置個1000也無所謂
cache-size=150If you want to disable negative caching, uncomment this.
no-negcacheNormally responses which come form /etc/hosts and the DHCP lease
file have Time-To-Live set as zero, which conventionally means
do not cache further. If you are happy to trade lower load on the
server for potentially stale date, you can set a time-to-live (in
seconds) here.
local-ttl=If you want dnsmasq to detect attempts by Verisign to send queries
to unregistered .com and .net hosts to its sitefinder service and
have dnsmasq instead return the correct NXDOMAIN response, uncomment
this line. You can add similar lines to do the same for other
registries which have implemented wildcard A records.
防止dns污染，極端情況下，綁定nxdomain有助于幫助我們減少或者避免dns解析被污染。詳情自行g(shù)oogle查詢。
bogus-nxdomain=64.94.110.11If you want to fix up DNS results from upstream servers, use the
alias option. This only works for IPv4.
This alias makes a result of 1.2.3.4 appear as 5.6.7.8
alias=1.2.3.4,5.6.7.8
and this maps 1.2.3.x to 5.6.7.x
alias=1.2.3.0,5.6.7.0,255.255.255.0
and this maps 192.168.0.10->192.168.0.40 to 10.0.0.10->10.0.0.40
alias=192.168.0.10-192.168.0.40,10.0.0.0,255.255.255.0Change these lines if you want dnsmasq to serve MX records.
Return an MX record named "maildomain.com" with target
servermachine.com and preference 50
mx-host=maildomain.com,servermachine.com,50Set the default target for MX records created using the localmx option.
mx-target=servermachine.comReturn an MX record pointing to the mx-target for all local
machines.
localmxReturn an MX record pointing to itself for all local machines.
selfmxChange the following lines if you want dnsmasq to serve SRV
records. These are useful if you want to serve ldap requests for
Active Directory and other windows-originated DNS requests.
See RFC 2782.
You may add multiple srv-host lines.
The fields are <name>,<target>,<port>,<priority>,<weight>
If the domain part if missing from the name (so that is just has the
service and protocol sections) then the domain given by the domain=
config option is used. (Note that expand-hosts does not need to be
set for this to work.)A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to
ldapserver.example.com port 289
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to
ldapserver.example.com port 289 (using domain=)
domain=example.com
srv-host=_ldap._tcp,ldapserver.example.com,389Two SRV records for LDAP, each with different priorities
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,1
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,2A SRV record indicating that there is no LDAP server for the domain
example.com
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.comThe following line shows how to make dnsmasq serve an arbitrary PTR
record. This is useful for DNS-SD. (Note that the
domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not
occur for PTR records.)
ptr-record=_http._tcp.dns-sd-services,"New Employee Page._http._tcp.dns-sd-services"Change the following lines to enable dnsmasq to serve TXT records.
These are used for things like SPF and zeroconf. (Note that the
domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not
occur for TXT records.)Example SPF.
txt-record=example.com,"v=spf1 a -all"Example zeroconf
txt-record=_http._tcp.example.com,name=value,paper=A4Provide an alias for a "local" DNS name. Note that this only works
for targets which are names from DHCP or /etc/hosts. Give host
"bert" another name, bertrand
cname=bertand,bertFor debugging purposes, log each DNS query as it passes through
dnsmasq.
打開dns 的log
log-queriesLog lots of extra information about DHCP transactions.
打開dhcp log
log-dhcpInclude a another lot of configuration options.
conf-file=/etc/dnsmasq.more.conf
conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d
感謝觀看。
感謝鳴謝單位：
排名不分先后
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dnsmasq_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
http://wushank.blog.51cto.com/3489095/1317423
http://debugo.com/dnsmasq/
http://s2t148.blog.51cto.com/3858027/806077
