MyBatis 工作原理

概覽

我把MyBatis的工作原理分為以下幾個方面或方面:

1. 讀取MyBatis核心配置文件的文件流
2. 解析文件流獲取SessionFactory對象
3. 獲取SqlSession對象
4. 整合參數(shù)執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作(增刪改查)
5. 事務(wù)提交
6. 關(guān)閉會話

一.創(chuàng)建SqlSessionFactory對象

我Google了一下不通過Spring注入使用MyBatis操作數(shù)據(jù)庫的方式
How do I create an SqlSessionFactory object in MyBatis? | Kode Java

Kode Java:

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       // A resource file for MyBatis configuration.
        Reader reader = 
        Resources.getResourceAsReader("configuration.xml");

        // Creates an SqlSessionFactoryBuilder. This builder need only 
        // create one time during the application life time.
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();

        // Creates an instance of SqlSessionFactory. This object can be 
        // used to initiate an SqlSession for querying information from 
        // the mapped query.
        SqlSessionFactory factory = builder.build(reader);
        System.out.println("factory = " + factory);
}

改造:

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        // 從SqlSessionFactory對象中獲取 SqlSession對象
        sqlSession = factory.openSession();     
        sqlSession.close();     
}

二.工作原理

1.核心代碼

通過上述步驟一的代碼,可以改造出一個MyBatis與數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的操作的過程,如下:
實體類:

public class UserInfo implements Serializable {
    //主鍵id
    private Integer id;
    //號碼
    private String phone;
    //密碼
    private String password;

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    //忽略getter、setter、toString方法
  
}

MyBatis配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC" />
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/boatmate?serverTimezone=UTC" />
                <property name="username" value="root" />
                <property name="password" value="1+1==Two" />
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="UserInfoMapper.xml" />
    </mappers>  
</configuration>

UserInfo 對應(yīng)mapper文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
    PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="UserInfo">
    <!-- 添加用戶 -->
    <insert id="addUser" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"
        parameterType="com.xuyj.mybatiswork.model.UserInfo">
        INSERT INTO user_info (phone, password)
        VALUES (#{phone},
        #{password})
    </insert>
</mapper>

操作代碼:

public static void main(String[] args) {

        UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
        user.setPhone("15252478436");
        user.setPassword("12345678");

        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            //讀取文件流
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            //將MyBatis配置文件流轉(zhuǎn)換成SessionFactory對象
            SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            // 獲取 SqlSession對象
            sqlSession = factory.openSession();
            // 執(zhí)行操作
            sqlSession.insert("addUser", user);
            // 提交操作
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 關(guān)閉SqlSession
            if (sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();

            }
        }

    }

2.分析代碼

2.1 獲取配置文件的文件流
 inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);

MyBatis提供了一個文件資源加載類,通過傳入路徑獲取文件流

2.2 獲取SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

這個Builder模式會通過XMLConfigBuilder對象對文件流進行解析,構(gòu)造Configuration對象,然后交給build()方法構(gòu)造DefaultSqlSessionFactory對象并返回。
具體代碼

public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties properties) {
    try {
      XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(inputStream, environment, properties);
      return build(parser.parse());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
      try {
        inputStream.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
      }
    }
  }
  public SqlSessionFactory build(Configuration config) {
    return new DefaultSqlSessionFactory(config);
  }
2.4 獲取SqlSession對象

具體代碼

private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
      // 根據(jù)Configuration的Environment屬性來創(chuàng)建事務(wù)工廠
      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
      // 從事務(wù)工廠中創(chuàng)建事務(wù),默認等級為null,autoCommit=false
      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
       // 創(chuàng)建執(zhí)行器
       Executor executor = this.configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
        // 根據(jù)執(zhí)行器創(chuàng)建返回對象 SqlSession
      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }
2.3 通過SqlSession對象,對數(shù)據(jù)庫操作

通過SqlSessionFactory獲取到DefaultSqlSession對象,之后的操作基本就類似其他持久層框架,這邊就只分析插入操作。
具體代碼:

 @Override
  public int update(String statement, Object parameter) {
    try {
      dirty = true;
      MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
     //通過執(zhí)行器進行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作
      return executor.update(ms, wrapCollection(parameter));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error updating database.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

MappedStatement是一個sql映射對象。里面封裝的數(shù)據(jù)就是mapper.xml的鍵值信息。

2.4 SimpleExecutor 對象執(zhí)行sql語句

具體代碼

 @Override
  public int doUpdate(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
     // 創(chuàng)建StatementHandler對象,從而創(chuàng)建Statement對象
      StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(this, ms, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, null, null);
        // 將sql語句和參數(shù)綁定并生成SQL指令
      stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
      return handler.update(stmt);
    } finally {
      closeStatement(stmt);
    }
  }
  • 通過prepareStatement()方法,研究MyBatis是如何將sql拼接合成的:
 private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt;
    Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
    // 準備Statement
    Statement stmt = handler.prepare(connection);
    // 設(shè)置SQL查詢中的參數(shù)值
    handler.parameterize(stmt);
    return stmt;
  }
  • 查看parameterize()
 public void parameterize(Statement statement) throws SQLException {
    this.parameterHandler.setParameters((PreparedStatement)statement);
}

在這一步中,先把Statement轉(zhuǎn)換成PreparedStatement對象,可以看出這里是MyBatis對JDBC的一個封裝。

  • handler.update()
 @Override
  public int update(Statement statement) throws SQLException {
    PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
    //執(zhí)行語句
    ps.execute();
   //獲取返回值
    int rows = ps.getUpdateCount();
    Object parameterObject = boundSql.getParameterObject();
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = mappedStatement.getKeyGenerator();
    keyGenerator.processAfter(executor, mappedStatement, ps, parameterObject);
    return rows;
  }
2.5 事務(wù)提交

也是對JDBC的一層封裝

 @Override
  public void commit(boolean force) {
    try {
    // 是否提交(判斷是提交還是回滾)
      executor.commit(isCommitOrRollbackRequired(force));
      dirty = false;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error committing transaction.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

最后調(diào)用的也是JDBCTransation的commit()

public void commit() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection != null && !this.connection.getAutoCommit()) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
        }
        // 提交連接
        this.connection.commit();
    }
}
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