一、文本

An influential paper by Oliver Hart and Luigi Zingales last year argued that profitability is not the only criterion that should apply and that shareholders’ welfare is affected by a broad range of factors, including social and environmental conditions. Mr Mayer takes a similar line, arguing that companies have relationships with many more people than just shareholders. As well as financial capital, they use several other types—human, intellectual, material (buildings and machinery), natural (the environment) and social (public goods like infrastructure). 譯文： 去年，奧利弗?哈特（Oliver Hart）和路易吉?津加萊斯（Luigi Zingales）撰寫了一篇頗具影響力的論文，他們在論文中指出：盈利能力不是衡量股東福利的唯一標準，股東福利應受多種因素影響，包括社會和環(huán)境因素。梅耶先生與他們觀點類似，他認為公司不僅僅與股東，還與更多人有關系。除了金融資本，公司還使用其他類型的資本ーー人力、智力、物質（建筑物和機械）、自然（環(huán)境）和社會（基礎設施等公共財產）。 文章原文： The modern company has morphed into a “money monster” enslaved to the doctrine of shareholder value. That is the thesis of a new book by Colin Mayer, a professor at the Sa?d Business School in Oxford. It is the latest challenge to the principle enunciated by Milton Friedman, an economist: namely, that “there is one and only one social responsibility of business—to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game.” An influential paper by Oliver Hart and Luigi Zingales last year argued that profitability is not the only criterion that should apply and that shareholders’ welfare is affected by a broad range of factors, including social and environmental conditions. Mr Mayer takes a similar line, arguing that companies have relationships with many more people than just shareholders. As well as financial capital, they use several other types—human, intellectual, material (buildings and machinery), natural (the environment) and social (public goods like infrastructure). 二、段落解讀 這段話整理、改編自《經(jīng)濟學人》Business 板塊 Bartleby 專欄的 Working for a purpose 一文。文章主要概括并評價了牛津大學賽德商學院科林?梅耶教授即將出版的新書 Prosperity: Better Business Makes the Greater Good 中的觀點。梅耶教授認為，企業(yè)不應該完全由盈利驅動，應該承擔相應的社會責任。 這個段落為觀點綜述/引用類寫作提供了一個參考模板。全段共 3 句，第 1 句概括了一篇論文的觀點，第 2 句寫另一個作者也持有相似的觀點，第 3 句稍微補充后者的觀點。語言方面，注意“take a similar line”的意思是“觀點相同”，英文中“觀點”也常常用“l(fā)ine of reasoning”； 這個段落對想要使用英文寫議論文、文獻綜述、書評的同學尤其有幫助。如果沒有這些寫作需求，掌握基本的句式即可。

?三、句子學習 臨?。?/h1>

提煉句型+造句

臨摹句子 1：An influential paper by Oliver Hart and Luigi Zingales last year argued that profitability is not the only criterion that should apply and that shareholders’ welfare is affected by a broad range of factors, including social and environmental conditions.

?提煉出句型：An influential paper by X argued that Y.

造句示范： The End of History and the Last Man, an influential book by American political philosopher Francis Fukuyama, argued that democracy is the best and final form of government.

臨摹句子 2：Mr Mayer takes a similar line, arguing that companies have relationships with many more people than just shareholders.

?提煉出句型：X takes a similar line, arguing that Y.

?造句示范： The Economist takes a similar line, arguing that the Trump administration is making American politics less predictable.

?臨摹句子 3：As well as financial capital, they use several other types—human, intellectual, material (buildings and machinery), natural (the environment) and social (public goods like infrastructure).

?提煉出句型：As well as X, Y use several other types—A, B, and C.（提煉句型的時候可以有一定的靈活性。注意破折號后面的單詞是形容詞、具有形容詞屬性的名詞或普通名詞。)

造句示范： a) As well as Oxford English Dictionary, students use several other alternatives—Longman, Merriam Webster, and Collins.

b) As well as technical skills, competent professionals should have several others—problem-solving, communication, and management. (communication 和 management 雖然都是名詞，但可以用在 skills 前面起修飾作用。)

?四、段落仿寫 由于這周“每周一段”的仿寫難度較大，需要練習者頭腦中有一定的知識儲備，所以提供一個中文版本： 創(chuàng)新工場董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官李開復在他的新書《AI·未來》中指出，中美之間的人工智能大戰(zhàn)不可避免，而且中國會從中取勝。谷歌前 CEO 埃里克?施密特與他的觀點類似，他認為中國程序員屢屢在谷歌舉辦的編程競賽中獲獎足以說明中國人工智能人才的質量。除了人才外，中國還在資金、監(jiān)管和數(shù)據(jù)這幾個重要因素中更勝一籌。 大家可以按照大意，結合“每周一段”的結構和句式嘗試翻譯。

?五、作業(yè)