官方文件中“優(yōu)化”類詞語的譯法

1、優(yōu)化、深化、強(qiáng)化

第一反應(yīng)是不能用optimize，因為optimize指的是最優(yōu)，受眾（也就是外國讀者）比較難接受，認(rèn)為有夸大的嫌疑?？梢杂胕mprove,

upgrade等詞。

在2019年的政府報告中，多次出現(xiàn)“優(yōu)化”一詞。如：

優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)?? improve the composition of budgetary spending

優(yōu)化能源和運輸結(jié)構(gòu)????? Energy and transportation structures wereupgraded.

大力優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)?? We greatly improved the innovation ecosystemto ...

國有企業(yè)優(yōu)化重組?? made new gains in upgrading and restructuringSOEs（state-owned enterprises）

優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)??? improve the mix of spending

優(yōu)化運營商環(huán)境?????? improvethe business environment

優(yōu)化環(huán)保、消防、稅務(wù)、市場監(jiān)管等執(zhí)法方式??? developbetterways of enforcing laws onenvironmental protection, fire prevention, tax collection, and market oversight

優(yōu)化歸國留學(xué)人員和外籍人才服務(wù)?? providebetterservices for studentsreturning from overseas and foreign professionals

優(yōu)化區(qū)域發(fā)展格局 improvethe layout ofdevelopment for all our regions

優(yōu)化民營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境?????? improvementsin thedevelopment environment for the private sector

改革優(yōu)化金融體系結(jié)構(gòu)?????? improvethe basicsystems of the capital market

優(yōu)化開放布局? improvethe layout ofopening up

優(yōu)化進(jìn)口結(jié)構(gòu)? The import mix will beimproved...

綜上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，“優(yōu)化”通常與“結(jié)構(gòu)”、“重組”、“格局”、“布局”等詞一起出現(xiàn)。要注意“結(jié)構(gòu)”的譯法，上面的例子分別用structure,

composition, mix, system來對應(yīng)中文里的“結(jié)構(gòu)”?！安季帧迸c“格局”一般處理為layout。

一是全力加強(qiáng)防控合作，提升公共衛(wèi)生水平

First,APT countries need toenhance all-roundcooperation against the epidemic andbuild uppublic health capacity

二是努力恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化

Second,we need torevitalize economic growth anddeepen regional economic integration.

三是著力密切政策協(xié)調(diào)，抵御各類風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)。

Third,we need tointensify policy coordination to weatherall kinds of risks and challenges.

我們要開展強(qiáng)化10+3產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈合作的聯(lián)合研究，加固薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)抗壓能力。在健康醫(yī)療、智能制造、大數(shù)據(jù)、5G等領(lǐng)域開展合作，打造新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點

Weshouldadvance cooperation on health and medical care, smartmanufacturing, big data, and 5G tofosternew drivers of growth

我愿在此提議，盡早召開二十國集團(tuán)衛(wèi)生部長會議，加強(qiáng)信息分享，開展藥物、疫苗研發(fā)、防疫合作，有效防止疫情跨境傳播

Inthis regard, I propose that a G20 health ministers' meeting be convened asquick as possible toimprove informationsharing,strengthen cooperation on drugs,vaccines and epidemic control, and cut off cross-border infections.

要探討建立區(qū)域公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急聯(lián)絡(luò)機(jī)制，提高突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)速度。

Discussionsare also needed regarding the establishment of regional emergency liaisonmechanisms to enable quickerresponse to publichealth emergencies.

二、快于、優(yōu)于...

Outstrip，surpass，exceed

1. to become larger, more important,etc. than sb / sth ? 比…大(或重要等)；超過；勝過:

Demand is outstripping supply. 需求快超過供給了。

2. to be faster, better or moresuccessful than sb you are competing against ? 超過,超越(競爭對手)

Their latest computer outstrips all itsrivals.他們最新型的計算機(jī)超越了所有的對手。

3. to run faster than sb in a race sothat you pass them? 比…跑得快；超越

2019年政府工作報告中的相關(guān)表達(dá)：

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)增速明顯快于一般工業(yè) Growth in high-tech industries and

equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries.

3、質(zhì)量和效益。quality and returns/performance

4、蓬勃發(fā)展Thrive，develop vigorously Thrive，flourish

5、新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快轉(zhuǎn)型升級。大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬眾創(chuàng)新深入推進(jìn)。

Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business start-ups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.

大眾創(chuàng)新

最開始是翻譯為mass entrepreneurship。但是有專家認(rèn)為，這種企業(yè)精神是少數(shù)人的行為。后來改譯為business start-ups

saw faster transformation and upgrading

see:目睹，歷經(jīng)

在China Daily發(fā)布的一篇名為Shanxi to further green efforts的文章中，也有類似用法：Located in North China, Shanxi has seen a significant increase in its economic growth.

6、市場主體總量超過一億。

The total number of market entities/players passingthe 100 millionmark.

pass也可以用surpass替換。

7、新動能正在深刻改變生產(chǎn)生活方式，塑造中國發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢。

New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China’s development.

優(yōu)勢：strengths/advantages

一般不用superiority，有種居高臨下的感覺，表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越感。

發(fā)展優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)leverage local strengths

優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)complement each other with their respective strengths

培育新優(yōu)勢foster new strengths

發(fā)揮好他們的獨特優(yōu)勢give full play to their unique strengths

塑造：create （第一反應(yīng)除了想到shape還要想到create）

8、市場準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度。

The negative list system for marketaccess was put fully into effect.

put into effect 生效

9、簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革力度加大。

Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services were intensified.

力度加大：intensify，strengthen

streamline：使(系統(tǒng)、機(jī)構(gòu)等)效率更高；(尤指)使增產(chǎn)節(jié)約

delegate:（這里作動詞）授(權(quán))；把(工作、權(quán)力等)委托(給下級)

管理：從國家層面來說，使用regulation而不是management，control

宏觀調(diào)控：macro-regulation

管理：management, regulation, control（注意擇詞）

三、推進(jìn)、推動

新型城鎮(zhèn)化扎實推進(jìn)，近1400萬農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口在城鎮(zhèn)落戶。

Solid progress was madein the pursuit of new urbanization, andclose to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urbanresidency.

推進(jìn)法治政府建設(shè)和治理創(chuàng)新，保持社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

we made progressin building a rule of law governmentand pursuing innovation in governance and ensured social harmony and stability.

推進(jìn)財稅體制改革，預(yù)算績效管理改革全面啟動。

We advanced the reform of the fiscal and taxsystems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across thecountry.

粵港澳大灣區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)邁出實質(zhì)性步伐

Substantive steps were takenin the planning and building of theGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局，pursue coordinated progressin the five-sphere integrated plan;

統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險、保穩(wěn)定工作

make coordinated efforts tomaintain stable growth, advance reform,make structural adjustments, improve living standards, guard against risks, andensure stability;

堅持深化市場化改革 continue to deepen market-orientated reforms

推動一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展 promote the integrated development of theprimary, secondary, and tertiary industries

推動生產(chǎn)要素流動和人員往來便利化 facilitating flows of factors of production and themovement of people

推動城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)覆蓋常住人口 work toward makingbasic urban public services cover allpermanent urban residents

大力推動綠色發(fā)展 make big advances in green development

四、加強(qiáng)

最常見的翻譯是strengthen。為增加可讀性，還有多種表達(dá)形式可用。

加強(qiáng)政策協(xié)調(diào)配合 strengthen the coordination between these policies

增強(qiáng)信貸投放能力 strengthen their capacity to supply credit

加強(qiáng)對靈活就業(yè)、新就業(yè)形態(tài)的支持。 We will strengthen support for flexible employment and newforms of employment.

增強(qiáng)人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感 enable people to feel more satisfied, happy, and secure

要大力推進(jìn)改革開放，加快建立統(tǒng)一開放、競爭有序的現(xiàn)代市場體系，放寬市場準(zhǔn)入，加強(qiáng)公正監(jiān)管，打造法治化、國際化、便利化的營商環(huán)境，讓各類市場主體更加活躍

We must work hard to advance reform and opening up, speed up the establishment of a unified and open, competitive and orderly modern market system, relax restrictions on market access, ensure impartial regulation, and create a business environment based on rule oflaw that is internationalized and enabling, in order to energize marketentities.

激勵加強(qiáng)普惠金融服務(wù) encourage moreinclusive financial services,

加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)work harder to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields

加強(qiáng)兒童安全保障。provide better protectionfor the safety of our children

加強(qiáng)新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。We will further developnext-generation informationinfrastructure.

加強(qiáng)先進(jìn)實用技術(shù)推廣。step up efforts to encourage the widespread use of advanced practicaltechnologies

五、大力、加大力度、壯大、加快發(fā)展

加大城市污水管網(wǎng)和處理設(shè)施建設(shè)力度。

The development of sewer networks and treatment facilities in urban areas will be sped up.

壯大綠色環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè) We will strengthen green and environmentally friendly industries.

各級政府要大力關(guān)心支持國防和軍隊建設(shè)

We in government at all levels must concern ourselves with and vigorously support the development of national defense and the armed forces.

大力優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)

We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem

統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展，良性互動格局加快形成。

we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.

加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，work faster to modernize the economy;

堅持創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)發(fā)展，培育壯大新動能。We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.

壯大數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)。expand the digital economy.

發(fā)展全域旅游，壯大旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)。We will develop integrated tourism and strengthen the tourism industry.

加大改革開放力度，發(fā)展動力繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)。we intensified reform and opening up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.