引言
上一篇文章Android系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)系列----init進(jìn)程,大體分析了,init進(jìn)程的啟動(dòng)過程。同時(shí)最后講到了Zygote進(jìn)程是由app_process進(jìn)程通過JNI調(diào)用了ZygoteInit的main方法啟動(dòng)的。這一篇文章將分析Zygote進(jìn)程都為我們做了什么。(系統(tǒng)源碼分析基于Android 6.0.1)
Zygote功能
首先來看看ZygoteInit的main方法都做了啥:(/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java)
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
RuntimeInit.enableDdms();
// Start profiling the zygote initialization.
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
}
}
if (abiList == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
}
registerZygoteSocket(socketName); // 1
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
preload(); // 2
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
// Finish profiling the zygote initialization.
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();
// Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
gcAndFinalize();
// Disable tracing so that forked processes do not inherit stale tracing tags from
// Zygote.
Trace.setTracingEnabled(false);
if (startSystemServer) {
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName); // 3
}
Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
runSelectLoop(abiList); // 4
closeServerSocket();
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run(); // 5
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}
- 注釋1:注冊(cè)socket通信的服務(wù)端
- 注釋2:預(yù)加載
- 注釋3:?jiǎn)?dòng)SystemServer系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
- 注釋4:循環(huán)等待socket客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求(如啟動(dòng)新的應(yīng)用app等)
- 注釋5:執(zhí)行運(yùn)行socket客戶端的請(qǐng)求者的main方法
注冊(cè)socket通信的服務(wù)端(registerZygoteSocket)
注冊(cè)一個(gè)名字為“zygote”的socketserver:
private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) {
if (sServerSocket == null) {
int fileDesc;
final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName;
try {
String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex);
}
try {
FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
fd.setInt$(fileDesc);
sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd); // 1
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex);
}
}
}
注釋1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)serversocket靜態(tài)對(duì)象
預(yù)加載(preload)
static void preload() {
Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
preloadClasses(); // 預(yù)加載一些字節(jié)碼class文件類
preloadResources(); // 預(yù)加載一些資源
preloadOpenGL(); // 預(yù)加載OpenGL相關(guān)顯示信息
preloadSharedLibraries(); // 預(yù)加載動(dòng)態(tài)共享so庫:如android、jnigraphics等so庫
preloadTextResources(); //
// Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
// for memory sharing purposes.
WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
}
啟動(dòng)SystemServer系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
/**
* Prepare the arguments and fork for the system server process.
*/
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
.....
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
////////////////////// 1
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
/* Request to fork the system server process */
////////////////////// 2
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
////////////////////// 3
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return true;
}
a. 注釋1:設(shè)置啟動(dòng)systemServer的一些參數(shù)
b. 注釋2:根據(jù)參數(shù)fork一個(gè)叫system_server的進(jìn)程
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
VM_HOOKS.preFork();
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
// Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
if (pid == 0) {
Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);
}
VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
nativeForkSystemServer方法是native本地方法作用就是fork一個(gè)SystemServer進(jìn)程。
c. 注釋3:當(dāng)注釋2的pid = 0,表示if里的語句執(zhí)行在SystemServer進(jìn)程中,啟動(dòng)com.android.server.SystemServer類的main方法。
private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
.......
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
........
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
/*
* Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
*/
//////////////////////////// 1
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
}
注釋1,將SystemServer的一些參數(shù)傳入RuntimeInit.zygoteInit方法。
再來看看RuntimeInit.zygoteInit方法:
public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
......
nativeZygoteInit(); /////////////////// 1
applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader); ///////////////////////// 2
}
-
注釋1:native層做了些初始化,來看看,native方法對(duì)應(yīng)在/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.java中。
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) { gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit(); }onZygoteInit 是一個(gè)虛函數(shù),那它的實(shí)現(xiàn)類是在哪呢,還記得上篇文章app_process進(jìn)程的app_main.cpp文件中有個(gè)AppRuntime類么,runtime.start()啟動(dòng)了Zygote進(jìn)程,AppRutime類繼承了AndroidRuntime,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了onZygoteInit方法。
virtual void onZygoteInit() { sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self(); ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n"); proc->startThreadPool(); }這里proc啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)線程池,它是binder的線程池,以后會(huì)詳細(xì)分析binder線程池,用于跨進(jìn)程的通信。
注釋2: java層的初始化applicationInit()
private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
.......
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
繼續(xù)看invokeStaticMain方法:
private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
///////////////////// 1
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
/////////////////// 2
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
/////////////////// 3
throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
我們知道一路下來入?yún)lassName就是com.android.server.SystemServer
注釋1: 通過反射Class.forName加載出com.android.server.SystemServer的SystemServer.class對(duì)象。
注釋2:通過SystemServer.class對(duì)象的獲取SystemServer的main方法的Method對(duì)象。
注釋3:這個(gè)方法完了也沒有實(shí)際的通過反射去invoke SystemServer的main方法,而是拋出了ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller異常并把main方法的Method對(duì)象和參數(shù)傳入進(jìn)去。很顯然肯定就是這個(gè)異常類處理了。那就要找到哪里try....catch了這個(gè)異常信息并處理。最終可以看到在最初的ZygoteInit.main()方法。
try{
......
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run(); // 5
}
public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception
implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs }); /////////// 1
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
注釋1:mMethod對(duì)象就是上文中SystemServer的main方法的Method對(duì)象,通過invoke調(diào)用了main方法。這樣SystemServer就運(yùn)行了main方法。
循環(huán)等待socket客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求(如啟動(dòng)新的應(yīng)用app等)
這里不詳細(xì)介紹了,就是while(true) 不斷的等待有客戶端的請(qǐng)求。
執(zhí)行調(diào)用socket客戶端的請(qǐng)求者傳入的Mehod對(duì)象方法
這里其中的一個(gè)處理在上文MethodAndArgsCaller類中run()方法的處理已經(jīng)分析了。
總結(jié)
- 通過app_process進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)ZygoteInit.main()函數(shù)。
- 首先注冊(cè)了serverSocket。
- fork啟動(dòng)SystemServer進(jìn)程,并通過native方法開啟binder線程池,便于提供給SytemServer進(jìn)行跨進(jìn)程通信。
- 等待socket客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求