“門當(dāng)戶對”的由來
Origin?of?the?matching?of?households?????????????????????????????????
門簪有方形、長方形、菱形、六角形、八角形等樣式。門簪的圖案多雕以四季花卉，四枚的門簪以春蘭夏荷、秋菊冬梅多見，兩枚的門簪多雕以“吉祥”等字樣。
? The?gate?hairpin?comes?in?the?shapes?of?squares,?rectangles,?diamonds,?hexagons,?octagons,?and?etc.?The?gate?hairpin?was?mostly?carved?with?flowers?of?the?four?seasons,?and?a?four-piece?gate?hairpin?were?most?commonly?carved?with?the?spring?orchid,?summer?lotus?blossom,?autumn?chrysanthemum,?and?winter?plum?blossom,?while?a?two-piece?one?mostly?with?characters?such?as?"auspicious".?
門檔指位于門楣上方的圓柱形木雕，一般都是雙數(shù)。皇朝時(shí)，門檔規(guī)矩極其嚴(yán)格，五至七品官員兩個(gè)門檔，四品以上官員四個(gè)門檔，十二個(gè)門檔僅限親王以上的大戶才能用，即便皇親國戚，不封王也不敢建三開門、嵌十二個(gè)門檔。臺階也有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，六、七品官員臺階不能高于二級，五品官員臺階不能高于三級，以此類推，臺階數(shù)目最高不能超過八級。九級代表頂點(diǎn)，所以只有皇上可以享用至尊的“九”。以前仕途上所謂的?“進(jìn)身之階”，即緣于此處。
The?door?shields?(mendang)?refers?to?the?round?wood?carvings?on?the?top?of?the?door?lintel?which?usually?came?in?even?numbers.?In?the?imperious?dynasties,?two?door?shiels?were?allowed?for?the?household?gates?of?officials?ranging?from?the?fifth?rank?to?the?seventh,?four?for?the?four?ranking?officials?and?above,?twelve?for?big?households?such?as?those?of?princes.?But?even?royal?households?without?princely?titles?did?not?dare?to?build?a?three-door?gate?set?with?twelve?door?shields.?There?were?also?strict?provisions?on?the?door?steps.?Two?steps?were?for?officials?of?the?sixth?and?seventh?ranks,?three?for?the?fifth-ranking?officials,?three?for?...,?and?so?on,?but?the?total?number?of?steps?must?not?exceed?eight?as?the?number?nine?represented?the?top,?the?supremacy?that?could?only?be?enjoyed?by?the?emperor?himself,?hence?the?origin?of?the?so?called?the?"advancement?steps"?in?the?officialdom.?
在民間，“門當(dāng)”演變成大宅門前的石鼓，因百姓相信威武的石鼓能避邪，猶如泰山石敢當(dāng)；置于門楣上的圓柱形木雕倒成了“戶對”。短粗的“戶對”，表達(dá)了百姓對男性生殖器的崇拜，意在祈求人丁興旺。后來門檔戶對就演變成世俗社會衡量男婚女嫁雙方條件的常用語。
Among?the?ordinary?households,?the?door?shields?evolved?into?drum-shaped?stone?blocks?in?front?of?the?gate?as?the?ordinary?people?believed?that?the?gigantic?blocks?could?prevent?evil?as?the?rock?from?Mountain?Tai.?The?cylindrical?wood?carvings?on?the?door?lintel?evolved?into?"hudui".?The?short?and?thick?"hudui",?an?expression?of?people's?worship?of?the?male's?reproductive?organ,?was?designed?to?spray?for?a?prosperous?line?of?descent.?Later,?"mendang?and?hudui?(matching?of?households)"?evolved?into?a?common?phrase?used?by?the?secular?society?to?measure?the?mutual?conditions?of?a?pair?of?man?and?woman?considered?for?marriage.?
