一.文件本地上傳
1.1 文件上傳目錄
服務(wù)端接收上傳的目的是提供文件的訪問(wèn)服務(wù)，那么對(duì)于SpringBoot而言，有哪些可以提供文件訪問(wèn)的靜態(tài)資源目錄呢？
-
classpath:/META-INF/resources/, -
classpath:/static/, -
classpath:/public/, - `classpath:/resources/
以上目錄都在工程里面，用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)動(dòng)態(tài)上傳的文件是有很多問(wèn)題的。spring boot 為我們提供了使用spring.web.resources.static-locations配置自定義靜態(tài)文件的位置。
web:
upload-path: E:/data/
spring:
web:
resources:
static-locations: classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/,file:${web.upload-path}
- 配置
web.upload-path為與項(xiàng)目代碼分離的靜態(tài)資源路徑，即：文件上傳保存根路徑 - 配置
spring.web.resources.static-locations，除了帶上Spring Boot默認(rèn)的靜態(tài)資源路徑之外，加上file:${web.upload-path}指向外部的文件資源上傳路徑。該路徑下的靜態(tài)資源可以直接對(duì)外提供HTTP訪問(wèn)服務(wù)。
1.2 文件上傳的Controller實(shí)現(xiàn)
@RestController
public class FileUploadController {
@Value("${web.upload-path}")
private String uploadPath;
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(MultipartFile uploadFile, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
// 在 uploadPath 文件夾中通過(guò)日期對(duì)上傳的文件歸類保存
// 比如：/2019/06/06/cf13891e-4b95-4000-81eb-b6d70ae44930.png
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd/");
String format = sdf.format(new Date());
File folder = new File(uploadPath + format);
if (!folder.isDirectory()) {
folder.mkdirs();
}
// 對(duì)上傳的文件重命名，避免文件重名
String oldName = uploadFile.getOriginalFilename();
String newName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
// 文件保存到本地
File destFile = new File(folder, newName);
uploadFile.transferTo(destFile);
// 返回上傳文件的訪問(wèn)路徑
//https://localhost:8888/2020/10/18/a9a05df4-6615-4bb5-b859-a3f9bf4bfae0.jpg
String filePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName()
+ ":" + request.getServerPort() + "/" + format + newName;
return filePath;
}
}
二.分布式文件系統(tǒng)MinIO
2.1 MinIO簡(jiǎn)介
MinIO 是一個(gè)基于Apache License v2.0開源協(xié)議的對(duì)象存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)。它兼容亞馬遜S3云存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)接口，非常適合于存儲(chǔ)大容量非結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù)，例如圖片、視頻、日志文件、備份數(shù)據(jù)和容器/虛擬機(jī)鏡像等，而一個(gè)對(duì)象文件可以是任意大小，從幾kb到最大5T不等。
MinIO官網(wǎng)：https://min.io
2.2 Docker下安裝MinIO
1.創(chuàng)建目錄
一個(gè)用來(lái)存放配置，一個(gè)用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)上傳文件的目錄。啟動(dòng)前需要先創(chuàng)建Minio外部掛載的配置文件(如：E:/minio/config),和存儲(chǔ)上傳文件的目錄(如：E:/minio/data)
2.拉取MinIO的Docker鏡像：
docker pull minio/minio
3.創(chuàng)建Minio容器并運(yùn)行
docker run -p 9000:9000 -p 9090:9090 --name minio -d --restart=always -e MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minioadmin -e MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minioadmin -v E:/minio/data:/data -v E:/minio/config:/root/.minio minio/minio server /data --console-address ":9090" --address ":9000"
- 9000: S3-API端口，用于程序訪問(wèn)；
- 9090：控制臺(tái)端口，用戶通過(guò)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)；
- MINIO_ACCESS_KEY:指定 minio 默認(rèn)的 access_key ，同時(shí)也是管理服務(wù)的登錄用戶名，這里指定的是minioadmin；
- MINIO_SECRET_KEY:指定 minio 默認(rèn)的 secret_key ，同時(shí)也是管理服務(wù)的的登錄密碼，這里指定的是minioadmin；
4.訪問(wèn)MinIO控制臺(tái)
本機(jī)：http://127.0.0.1:9090或?qū)嶋HIP地址訪問(wèn)
三.整合MinIO的JavaSDK
3.1 整合MinIO
1.pom.xml引入：
<dependency>
<groupId>io.minio</groupId>
<artifactId>minio</artifactId>
<version>8.4.5</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
<version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>
2.application.yml，服務(wù)信息要和我們安裝的MinIO服務(wù)一致，這樣才能正常連接測(cè)試：
# MinIo文件服務(wù)器
minio:
endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:9000
accessKey: minioadmin
secretKey: minioadmin
3.MinIoProperties.java 配置實(shí)體，將上文配置文件屬性裝載到實(shí)體配置對(duì)象中：
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "minio")
public class MinIOProperties {
private String endpoint;
private String accessKey;
private String secretKey;
}
4.MinIO提供了MinioClient對(duì)bucket、文件等進(jìn)行操作，我們這里再封裝一個(gè)工具類：
@Component
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MinIOProperties.class})
public class MinIOTemplate {
private MinIOProperties minIo;
public MinIOTemplate(MinIOProperties minIo) {
this.minIo = minIo;
}
private MinioClient instance;
//minio操作對(duì)象實(shí)例化
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
instance = MinioClient.builder()
.endpoint(minIo.getEndpoint())
.credentials(minIo.getAccessKey(), minIo.getSecretKey())
.build();
}
/**
* 判斷 bucket是否存在
*/
public boolean bucketExists(String bucketName)
throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidResponseException,
InsufficientDataException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,
ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException {
return instance.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
}
/**
* 創(chuàng)建 bucket
*/
public void makeBucket(String bucketName) throws IOException, InvalidResponseException,
InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, ServerException,
ErrorResponseException, XmlParserException, InsufficientDataException, InternalException {
boolean isExist = this.bucketExists(bucketName);
if(!isExist) {
instance.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
}
}
/**
* 文件上傳
* @param bucketName bucket名稱
* @param objectName 對(duì)象名稱，文件名稱
* @param filepath 文件路徑
*/
public ObjectWriteResponse putObject(String bucketName, String objectName, String filepath)
throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidResponseException,
InsufficientDataException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, ServerException,
InternalException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException {
return instance.uploadObject(
UploadObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).filename(filepath).build());
}
/**
* 文件上傳
* @param bucketName bucket名稱
* @param objectName 對(duì)象名稱，文件名稱
* @param inputStream 文件輸入流
*/
public ObjectWriteResponse putObject(String bucketName, String objectName, InputStream inputStream)
throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidResponseException,
InsufficientDataException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, ServerException,
InternalException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException {
return instance.putObject(
PutObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName).stream(
inputStream, -1, 10485760)
.build());
}
/**
* 刪除文件
* @param bucketName bucket名稱
* @param objectName 對(duì)象名稱
*/
public void removeObject(String bucketName, String objectName)
throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidResponseException, InsufficientDataException,
NoSuchAlgorithmException, ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException {
instance.removeObject(RemoveObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.build());
}
public String getObjectUrl(String bucketName, String objectName)
throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidResponseException, InsufficientDataException,
NoSuchAlgorithmException, ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException {
return instance.getPresignedObjectUrl(
GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder()
.method(Method.GET)
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
// .expiry(2, TimeUnit.HOURS)
.build());
}
}
3.2 測(cè)試
對(duì)1.2 文件上傳的Controller實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行改造，增加minio上傳的代碼：
@RestController
public class FileUploadController {
@Resource
private MinIOTemplate minIOTemplate;
@Value("${web.upload-path}")
private String uploadPath;
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(MultipartFile uploadFile, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
// 在 uploadPath 文件夾中通過(guò)日期對(duì)上傳的文件歸類保存
// 比如：/2019/06/06/cf13891e-4b95-4000-81eb-b6d70ae44930.png
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd/");
String format = sdf.format(new Date());
File folder = new File(uploadPath + format);
if (!folder.isDirectory()) {
folder.mkdirs();
}
// 對(duì)上傳的文件重命名，避免文件重名
String oldName = uploadFile.getOriginalFilename();
String newName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
// 文件保存到本地
File destFile = new File(folder, newName);
uploadFile.transferTo(destFile);
//保存文件到minIO
uploadToMinIO("test", format + newName, destFile.getAbsolutePath());
// 返回上傳文件的訪問(wèn)路徑
//https://localhost:8888/2020/10/18/a9a05df4-6615-4bb5-b859-a3f9bf4bfae0.jpg
String filePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName()
+ ":" + request.getServerPort() + "/" + format + newName;
return filePath;
}
private void uploadToMinIO(String bucketName, String objectName, String filePath) {
try {
minIOTemplate.makeBucket(bucketName);
ObjectWriteResponse response = minIOTemplate.putObject(bucketName, objectName, filePath);
System.out.println(response.object());
//獲取文件訪問(wèn)路徑
String url = minIOTemplate.getObjectUrl("test", objectName);
System.out.println(url);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
注意：MinIO默認(rèn)獲取到的文件范圍URL有效期為7天，可以通過(guò)在控制臺(tái)bucket里面進(jìn)行規(guī)制配置，實(shí)現(xiàn)永久訪問(wèn)。
