原文：
The House of Representatives has how many voting members?
Answer:Four hundred thirty-five (435)
Explanation:Americans live all over the United States, but some places are much more popular than others. For example, more than 35 million people live in California, but only about 500,000 people live in Wyoming. One of the challenges (or difficult things to do) in the U.S. government is to let big and small states participate in the government fairly. Is it fair to give both states equal participation in the government? Or should California have more power than Wyoming since it has so many more people?
The people who created the U.S. government decided that they would have to answer ‘yes’ to both questions. They created the Senate, where each state has equal power no matter how big or small it is, and they created the House of Representatives, where states with more people have more power than states with fewer people.
The House of Representatives currently has 435 representatives, or people who are elected (or chosen by large groups of people) to make decisions for their states. Congress can pass a law to change the total number of representatives if it wants to, but the number hasn’t changed from 435 since 1910. Larger states have more representatives than smaller states do. Right now, California has the most, with 53 representatives. Several of the smallest states, such as Wyoming, Montana, and North and South Dakota, have only one representative each.
The U.S. government does a census every few years, which is an official count of the number of people living in the country. After each census, how many representatives each state gets of the 435 seats (or positions) in the House of Representatives is redone. This means that states that have grown may get more representatives and states that have shrunk (or become smaller) get fewer representatives. This process is called apportionment, which means deciding how something should be shared among many people or, in this case, among many states.
In addition to the 435 representatives, the House also has four delegates who can speak at the meetings but cannot vote. These delegates represent Washington, D.C. (the nation’s capitol), and the country’s territories, which are areas of land that belong to the United States but are not states.

翻譯：

眾議院有多少名投票成員？

答案：四百三十五（435）
說明：美國人居住在美國各地，但有些地方比其他地方受歡迎得多。例如，加利福尼亞州有超過3500萬人，而懷俄明州只有約50萬人。美國政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)（或要做的事情很困難）之一就是要讓大小州公平地參與政府。讓兩州平等參與政府是否公平？還是因為人口眾多，加利福尼亞應(yīng)該比懷俄明州擁有更多權(quán)力？

創(chuàng)立美國政府的人決定，他們必須對兩個問題都回答“是”。他們創(chuàng)建了參議院，每個州無論大小，都擁有同等的權(quán)力，并創(chuàng)建了眾議院，眾議院擁有的權(quán)力多于人數(shù)少的州。

眾議院目前有435名代表，或經(jīng)選舉（或由大批人選出）為自己的州做出決策的人。國會可以根據(jù)自己的意愿通過一項法律來更改代表總數(shù)，但自1910年以來，435人這一數(shù)字從未更改過。較大的州代表人數(shù)多于較小的州。目前，加利福尼亞州代表人數(shù)最多，共有53名代表。懷俄明州，蒙大拿州，北達(dá)科他州和南達(dá)科他州等幾個最小的州，每個州只有一名代表。

美國政府每隔幾年進(jìn)行一次人口普查，這是對該國生活人數(shù)的官方統(tǒng)計。每次人口普查后，重做州眾議院435個席位（或職位）中每個州獲得的代表人數(shù)。這意味著已成長的州可能會獲得更多的代表，而已經(jīng)縮減（或變得更?。┑闹菘赡軙玫礁俚拇?。此過程稱為分?jǐn)?，這意味著確定應(yīng)如何在許多人之間共享（或在這種情況下，在許多州之間）共享某物。

除435名代表外，眾議院還擁有四名代表，他們可以在會議上發(fā)言，但不能投票。這些代表分別代表華盛頓特區(qū)（美國國會大廈）和該國領(lǐng)土，這些領(lǐng)土屬于美國，但不屬于某州。

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原文：

We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?
Answer: Two (2)
Explanation:In most jobs, if you do your work well, you can continue working there almost as long as you like. In general, this is a good thing, but some people think that the United States Congress should be different. When we elect (or choose) a U.S. Representative, he or she works as a representative for only two years. This is known as his or her term, or the length of time that a person works in a public position. Once those two years have ended, if he or she wants to continue to work as a representative, he or she can be reelected for another two years. This can continue indefinitely (or forever or without end).
Some people think that this is a good idea, because it lets us reward representatives who do their work well by allowing them to continue to represent us. But other people believe that there should be a term limit, which would be a maximum number of times that a representative can be reelected for two-year terms. The U.S. President, for example, has a term limit and can be president for only two four-year terms, for a total of eight years.
The people who advocate for (or are in favor of) term limits believe that this would let more people participate in the House of Representatives, bringing new ideas and enthusiasm (or interest and desire to do something) to their work. Americans have debated (or argued for and against) term limits for many years, but there is still no agreement.
In 2003, a popular newspaper called the Wall Street Journal conducted (or carried out) a study about term limits and found that 2/3 of all Americans would like to have term limits in Congress. Because term limits are such a popular idea in many parts of the country, many representatives have pledged (or said that they would do something) to limit the number of terms that they serve (or work in a public position as representatives). However, there is no legal requirement for them to do this. It might, however, help them to get elected if this is something that is important to voters in their area.

翻譯：

我們選舉美國代表多少年？
答案：2
說明：在大多數(shù)工作中，如果工作做得不錯，只要你喜歡，你可以繼續(xù)在那里工作?？偟膩碚f，這是一件好事，但有些人認(rèn)為美國國會應(yīng)該有所不同。當(dāng)我們選舉（或選擇）美國代表時，他或她僅擔(dān)任代表兩年。這稱為他或她的任期，或一個人在公共場合工作的時間長度。兩年結(jié)束后，如果他或她想繼續(xù)擔(dān)任代表，則可以通過再次被選舉而連任兩年。這可以無限期（或永遠(yuǎn)或沒有盡頭）繼續(xù)。

有人認(rèn)為這是一個好主意，因為它使我們能夠獎勵那些表現(xiàn)出色的代表，通過允許他們繼續(xù)代表我們。但是其他人則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有任期限制，代表可以連選連任兩年的最大次數(shù)。例如，美國總統(tǒng)有任期限制，并且只能擔(dān)任兩個四年任期的總統(tǒng)，共八年。

主張（或贊成）任期限制的人們認(rèn)為，這將使更多的人可以參加眾議院，為他們的工作帶來新的想法和熱情（或興趣和渴望做某事）。美國人多年來一直在爭論（或主張和反對）任期限制，但是仍然沒有達(dá)成一致。

2003年，一家名為《華爾街日報》（Wall Street Journal）的流行報紙進(jìn)行了一項關(guān)于任期限制的研究，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，2/3的美國人希望在國會擁有任期限制。由于期限限制在美國許多地區(qū)非常流行，因此許多代表已承諾（或說他們會做些事情）來限制其服務(wù)期限（或在公共場合作為代表工作）。但是，他們沒有這樣做的法律要求。但是，如果這對他們所在地區(qū)的選民很重要，則可能有助于他們當(dāng)選。

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原文：

Name your U.S. Representative.
Answer:Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) Representatives in Congress.]

Explanation:It’s important for Americans to know not only who their U.S. Representative is, but also how he or she is representing them. Americans need to know how their representatives are voting and whether or not those votes accurately (or correctly) represent their interests. If the representative isn’t voting the way that his or her constituents (or the people represented by a representative) want, then those constituents should vote for someone else in the next elections.
However, it could be difficult and time-consuming (or taking a lot of time) to find out how a representative is voting. That is because the U.S. Congress spends a lot of time talking about important issues and voting on many different bills (or ideas for new laws). A normal American wouldn’t have time to read all of those bills and find out how his or her representative is voting. That would be a full-time job!
Fortunately, many organizations try to gather (or collect) this information, summarize it (or say the most important ideas in fewer words), and share that information with voters, so that they can make informed decisions. Some groups provide biographical information (or information about a person’s life) about representatives, as well as their voting records (or a list of how a person has voted on all decisions during a certain period of time). People can quickly read this information to determine how well their representative is representing them.
The website for the U.S. House of Representatives provides the roll call votes, or lists of how representatives have voted over time. However, the other organizations make this information easier to understand, because they also explain what the votes mean for each bill and show changes in a representative’s votes over time. Many people study the voting records published by these organizations before they decide who they want to vote for.

翻譯：

命名您的美國代表。

答：答案會有所不同。 [具有不投票權(quán)的代表或常駐專員的領(lǐng)土居民可以提供該代表或?qū)T的姓名。關(guān)于領(lǐng)土沒有國會（投票）代表的任何聲明也是可以接受的。]

說明：
重要的是，美國人不僅要知道他們的美國代表是誰，而且還要知道他或她如何代表他們。美國人需要知道他們的代表如何投票，以及這些投票是否準(zhǔn)確（或正確）代表了他們的利益。如果代表未按其選民（或代表所代表的人民）的意愿進(jìn)行投票，則這些選民應(yīng)在下次選舉中投票給其他人。

但是，要找出代表的投票方式可能既困難又耗時。這是因為美國國會花費大量時間談?wù)撝匾獑栴}，并對許多不同的法案（或新法律的想法）進(jìn)行投票。普通的美國人沒有時間閱讀所有這些法案，也不知道其代表如何投票。那將是一份全職工作！

幸運的是，許多組織嘗試收集（或收集）此信息，對其進(jìn)行匯總（或用較少的單詞說出最重要的想法），并與選民共享該信息，以便他們可以做出明智的決定。一些小組提供有關(guān)代表的傳記信息（或有關(guān)一個人的生活的信息），以及他們的投票記錄（或一個人在一段時間內(nèi)如何對所有決定進(jìn)行投票的列表）。人們可以快速閱讀此信息，以確定他們的代表代表他們的情況。

美國眾議院網(wǎng)站提供唱名表決，或代表隨著時間的推移如何投票的列表。但是，其他組織則使這些信息更容易理解，因為它們還解釋了每個法案的投票含義，并顯示了代表過去投票的變化。許多人在決定要投票給誰之前會研究這些組織發(fā)布的投票記錄。

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原文：

Who does a U.S. Senator represent?
Answer:All people of the state
Explanation:Here’s an interesting thing about the U.S. government: even if you vote against the person who wins an election (or a competition to see who gets the most votes and is chosen for a public position), he or she has to represent you! In other words, if you vote for person A to become senator, but person B wins, then person B must represent you just as if you had voted for him or her! That is why we say that U.S. senators represent all the people of a state.
How does a senator do this? Obviously (or clearly), a senator cannot meet and speak with all the people whom he or she represents. This would take up too much time and he or she would never be able to attend the Senate sessions (or meetings with other representatives). So, instead of speaking with everyone in the state, senators rely on (or depend on or use) opinion polls (or surveys or questionnaires) that show what most people in their state think about important topics. This is an easy way for a senator to know what most people think about a certain law without having to call everyone to ask.
Senators also try to create opportunities for interested voters to speak with them about pressing issues (or topics that they think are most important). Voters can always call, email, or write to their senators to share their opinions. Senators also have offices where they can meet with their constituents (or the people they represent). They normally have an office in Washington, D.C. where the Senate sessions are held (or where they happen), and at least one office in their state, usually in the most important city or cities. When Senate is in session (or having meetings), the senators are in Washington, D.C. The rest of the time, they are normally in their home states, speaking with voters and planning what they want to do the next time the Senate is in session.

翻譯：

美國參議員代表誰？

答：國家的所有人

說明：關(guān)于美國政府的一件有趣的事情：即使您投票反對贏得選舉的人（或競爭看誰獲得最多選票并被選為公共職位的人），他或她也必須代表您！換句話說，如果您投票支持人A成為參議員，但人B獲勝，那么人B必須代表您，就像您為他或她投票一樣！這就是為什么我們說美國參議員代表一個州的所有人民。

參議員如何做到這一點？顯然，參議員不能與他或她代表的所有人見面并講話。這將花費太多時間，并且他或她將永遠(yuǎn)無法參加參議院會議（或與其他代表的會議）。因此，參議員不需要與州內(nèi)的所有人交談，而是依靠民意調(diào)查，這些民意調(diào)查顯示了該州大多數(shù)人對重要主題的看法。這是參議員了解大多數(shù)人對某項法律的看法的一種簡便方法，而無需致電所有人。

參議員還試圖為感興趣的選民創(chuàng)造機(jī)會，與他們就緊迫的問題（或他們認(rèn)為最重要的話題）進(jìn)行交談。選民可以隨時致電，發(fā)送電子郵件或?qū)懶沤o參議員，以分享他們的意見。參議員還設(shè)有辦公室，可以與選民（或其代表的人）會面。他們通常在華盛頓特區(qū)設(shè)有參議院會議的辦公室（或舉行參議院的地方），并且在本州至少有一個辦公室，通常在最重要的一個或多個城市。參議院開會時，參議員在華盛頓特區(qū)。其余時間，他們通常在本州，與選民交談，并計劃下次參議院開會時打算做什么。

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原文：

Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?
Answer:

• (Because of) the state’s population
• (Because) they have more people
• (Because) some states have more people Explanation: The fifty states of the United States have very different sizes, both in terms of (or related to) how much land there is and the population (or how many people there are). Some states are very large but have very few people; other states are very small but have many people. Even so, all fifty states need to be represented in the federal government. What was the solution? The Founding Fathers, or the people who created the U.S. government, decided to have two parts for lawmaking. One is the Senate, where each state has two representatives known as senators, no matter how many people live there. The other is the House of Representatives, where the number of representatives that each state has is proportional to its population, meaning that states with large populations have more representatives in the House than those states with small populations. Each state is divided into a number of districts (or areas), one for each representative that it has in the House. Each representative is elected by the people living in his or her district. Changing where the district boundaries (or the lines between districts) are drawn on the map can change which political party has more power in a district. Redistricting, or changing the district boundaries, is called gerrymandering when it influences (or affects) the results of elections so that one political party is more likely to win. As you can see, this is a very big issue because redistricting can decide which political party has power. Sometimes gerrymandering is used to make district boundaries match (or be the same as) where racial groups (or groups of people with the same skin color) live. If the district boundaries are drawn so that white people are the majority (the largest group) in each district, then it is more likely that only white representatives will be elected. Obviously gerrymandering is unfair, but it is very common in modern politics. Many have criticized this practice of racial gerrymandering.

翻譯：

為什么有些州的代表人數(shù)多于其他州？

回答：
*（由于）該州的人口
*（因為）他們有更多的人
*（因為）有些州的人口更多

說明：美國的五十個州，在土地面積和人口方面大小各異。有些州很大，但人很少。其他州很小，但有很多人。即使這樣，所有五十個州都需要在聯(lián)邦政府中有代表。解決方案是什么？開國元勛或創(chuàng)建美國政府的人民決定將立法分為兩個部分。一個是參議院，每個州有兩個代表參議員，無論居住在那里的人數(shù)有多少。另一個是眾議院，每個州的代表人數(shù)與其人口成正比，這意味著人口眾多的州的代表人數(shù)要多于人口少的州。每個州都分為多個區(qū)，每個州在眾議院中都有代表。每個代表由居住在其所在地區(qū)的人民選舉產(chǎn)生。更改地圖上繪制區(qū)域邊界的位置可以更改哪個政黨在一個區(qū)域中擁有更大的權(quán)力。重新劃分或改變區(qū)域邊界，當(dāng)它影響選舉結(jié)果以使一個政黨更有可能獲勝時，就被稱為格里曼德。如您所見，這是一個很大的問題，因為重新劃分可以決定哪個政黨有權(quán)力。有時，使用格里曼德來使地區(qū)邊界與種族群體居住的地區(qū)相匹配。如果劃定地區(qū)邊界，使白人在每個地區(qū)中占多數(shù)（最大的群體），那么更有可能只選舉白人代表。顯然，格里曼德是不公平的，但在現(xiàn)代政治中卻很普遍。許多人批評這種種族歧視的做法。