譯 / 陳式方程
VOA Learning English presents America’s Presidents.
美國(guó)之音慢速英語介紹美國(guó)總統(tǒng)欄目。
Today we are talking about William Henry Harrison. Although he was elected in 1840, many Americans still remember his catchy[1] campaign slogan[2]: “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too.”
今天，我們來談?wù)撏ず嗬す锷１M管他是在1840年當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，但很多美國(guó)人仍然記得他那朗朗上口的競(jìng)選口號(hào)：“蒂珀卡努和泰勒”。
“Tyler” referred to John Tyler, Harrison’s partner on the ticket. In other words, Harrison was the candidate for president, and Tyler was the candidate for vice president.
“泰勒”是指約翰·泰勒，哈里森的選票搭檔。換句話說，哈里森是總統(tǒng)候選人，泰勒是副總統(tǒng)候選人。
That seems straightforward enough. But “Tippecanoe”? That was Harrison’s nickname. It came from a battle he had fought nearly 30 years before the presidential campaign.
“泰勒”似乎看起來很直接了吧，但“蒂珀卡努”？那是哈里森的綽號(hào)。它來源于一場(chǎng)距總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選大約30年前（1811年）的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
At that time, Harrison led troops against an alliance of Native American tribes. The alliance was fighting white American settlers who were taking native people’s territory.
那時(shí)，哈里森領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一支軍隊(duì)來對(duì)抗美洲印第安部落聯(lián)盟。該聯(lián)盟當(dāng)時(shí)正與美國(guó)白人定居者作戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗麄冋趭Z取印第安人的領(lǐng)土。
Harrison and his men wanted to prevent the alliance from getting the supplies and warriors it needed to fight a long war. They planned to attack an important Native American base in what is today the state of Indiana.
哈里森和他的部下想要阻止聯(lián)盟獲得打長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)的物資和士兵。他們計(jì)劃襲擊印第安人的一個(gè)重要基地，基地在如今的印第安納州。
But Native American warriors attacked first. They struck at dawn, when Harrison’s men were still sleeping in a camp near the River Tippecanoe.
但印第安勇士率先發(fā)起了攻擊。當(dāng)時(shí)正值黎明時(shí)分，哈里森的部下還在蒂珀卡努河附近的營(yíng)地熟睡。
The battle was confused and bloody. Many fighters on both sides died. After several hours, Harrison’s troops pushed the Native American fighters away from the camp.
這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役是混亂血腥的。雙方戰(zhàn)死很多人。幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，哈里森的部隊(duì)將印第安人從營(yíng)地?fù)敉恕?/p>
It was not really clear who won, but Harrison declared victory.
這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役不清楚誰贏了，但哈里森宣告了勝利。
His presidential campaign reminded voters about the battle. The nickname “Tippecanoe” suggested Harrison was a simple yet tough westerner who would fight for white Americans.
他的總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選口號(hào)讓選民想起了這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。綽號(hào)“蒂珀卡努”暗示著哈里森還是一個(gè)為美國(guó)白人而戰(zhàn)的純粹堅(jiān)定的西方人。
But that image of Harrison was not entirely true.
但哈里森的形象不完全是真的。
Early life 早期生活
Harrison did not come from a simple, western family.
哈里森并不是來自一個(gè)普通的西方家庭。
Instead, he was the youngest child of a wealthy family from the southern state of Virginia. The Harrisons were active in the politics of the young nation. His father signed the Declaration of Independence and became the governor of Virginia.
相反，他來自弗吉尼亞南部的一個(gè)富有家庭，是家里最小的一個(gè)孩子。哈里森家族在這個(gè)年輕國(guó)家的政治活動(dòng)中十分活躍。他的父親簽署了獨(dú)立宣言并成為了弗吉尼亞州州長(zhǎng)。
Young William Harrison received a good education. But he did not want to become a doctor or lawyer. He joined the military instead.
年輕的威廉·哈里森受到了良好的教育。但他不想成為一名醫(yī)生或律師，而是參加了軍隊(duì)。
Harrison succeeded quickly as an Army officer. He earned a reputation as an able leader in fights against Native Americans.
哈里森很快就成功當(dāng)上了一名軍官。他在對(duì)抗印第安人的戰(zhàn)斗中為他贏得了能力卓越的指揮官的美譽(yù)。
Harrison became the governor of what was known as Indiana Territory.
哈里森當(dāng)上了印第安納屬地的州長(zhǎng)。
In that job, he persuaded Native Americans to enter into treaties that sold their land to the U.S. government – often for very little money.
在任時(shí)，他說服美洲印第安人簽署售賣土地給美國(guó)政府的條約 — 通常是花很少的錢。
Harrison’s insistence on securing[3] land for white settlers was one reason Native American tribes formed an alliance against the United States. A member of the Shawnee tribe, Tecumseh, was one of their most prominent[4] leaders.
哈里森堅(jiān)持為白人定居者尋求土地是美洲印第安部落結(jié)成聯(lián)盟來對(duì)抗美國(guó)的一個(gè)原因。肖尼族部落成員特庫(kù)姆塞，是其中一個(gè)最知名的部落領(lǐng)袖。
It was Tecumseh’s men who fought against Harrison in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
蒂珀卡努戰(zhàn)役（1811年）中，就是特庫(kù)姆塞部落與哈里森作戰(zhàn)的。
Tecumseh’s men clashed again with Harrison during the War of 1812 at a battle in Ontario, Canada near the River Thames.
1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，在靠近泰晤士河附近的加拿大安大略省的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役中，特庫(kù)姆塞部落再次與哈里森發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
In that battle, both the British and Native Americans were clearly defeated. Tecumseh was killed.
在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役中，英國(guó)人和美洲印第安人都被打敗，特庫(kù)姆塞也犧牲了。
After that, the Native American alliance fell apart. And Harrison became famous again.
在那之后，美洲印第安聯(lián)盟土崩瓦解。哈里森再一次成名。
Political career 政治生涯
Although Harrison was a well-known fighter against Native Americans, he could not find lasting success as a politician.
盡管哈里森是一位著名的反印第安人斗士，但作為政治家，他沒能找到持久的成功。
He served briefly in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, but he did not stay in those positions long.
他曾短暫地服務(wù)于眾議院和參議院，并沒有呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
He struggled with debt. His home in Indiana was very expensive.
他在債務(wù)中掙扎，他在印第安納的房子非常昂貴。
He also had to provide for his ten children.
他還得撫養(yǎng)他的10個(gè)孩子。
The emotional cost of his family was also high: only four of his children lived past the age of 40.
他在家庭上的情感代價(jià)也很高：只有四個(gè)孩子活過40歲。
In 1836, Harrison’s fortunes seemed to change. A new party, called the Whigs, looked to him as a presidential candidate.
1836年，哈里森的運(yùn)氣似乎有所改變。一個(gè)新興黨派輝格黨，推選他作為總統(tǒng)候選人。
The Whigs strongly opposed President Andrew Jackson and his policies. They did not want Jackson’s vice president and right-hand man[5], Martin Van Buren, to become president. But they understood that Jackson was very popular with everyday Americans.
輝格黨強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)安德魯·杰克遜總統(tǒng)和他的政策。他們不想讓杰克遜的副總統(tǒng)及得力助手馬丁·范布倫成為總統(tǒng)。但他們也知道杰克遜在美國(guó)民眾當(dāng)中是很受歡迎的。
So the Whigs thought that Harrison – a military hero from the west, just as Jackson was – would appeal to voters. (At the time, voting was limited mostly to white men.)
所以輝格黨想到了哈里森 —— 與杰克遜一樣，是一位來自西方的軍事英雄。這會(huì)吸引選民。（當(dāng)時(shí)，投票權(quán)主要限于白人男性。）
The Whigs nominated Harrison as one of their candidates.
輝格黨提名哈里森作為候選人之一。
Harrison did well – but not well enough. Van Buren won the 1836 election.
哈里森做得很好，但沒有足夠好。范布倫贏得了1836年大選。
But the next election belonged to Harrison.
但是，下一屆選舉屬于哈里森。
His campaign developed that memorable song about “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too.”
他的競(jìng)選口號(hào)“蒂珀卡努和泰勒”令人印象深刻。
Supporters also turned an insult against Harrison into an advantage[6].
支持者也把對(duì)哈里森的侮辱變成了一種優(yōu)勢(shì)。
Harrison’s opposition said he would be happy to spend the rest of his life just sitting in a log cabin and drinking hard cider – an alcoholic drink made from apples.
哈里森的反對(duì)黨（民主黨）說，給他一桶含酒精的蘋果汁，他會(huì)非常樂意余生都在自己的木屋中渡過。
The opposition wanted to suggest that Harrison was not really interested in becoming president and working hard for the American people.
反對(duì)黨暗示哈里森并不是真正地想成為總統(tǒng)去為美國(guó)人民努力工作。
But Harrison’s supporters used the images of a log cabin and hard cider to portray Harrison as a humble man who could relate to common Americans.
但是哈里森的支持者用木屋和酒精蘋果汁的形象將哈里森描繪成一位與普通美國(guó)民眾一樣的謙遜之人。
The plan was a success: Harrison won the election.
計(jì)劃成功了：哈里森贏得了選舉。
A surprising turn of events 事情的突然轉(zhuǎn)變
At 68, Harrison was the oldest person yet to take office.
68歲的哈里森是當(dāng)時(shí)年齡最大的總統(tǒng)。
On his Inauguration Day, he reportedly wanted to show that he was strong enough to serve as president by delivering a very long speech without wearing a coat or hat.
就職典禮當(dāng)天，據(jù)說哈里森想要展示他的強(qiáng)壯來表明他可以擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)，所以當(dāng)時(shí)他發(fā)表了一篇很長(zhǎng)的演講，而且沒有穿外套和帽子。
Several weeks later, Harrison became sick. He complained of many problems: anxiety, fatigue, and pain in his stomach.
幾周之后，哈里森病倒了。他抱怨了很多問題：焦慮，疲乏，胃疼。
His health grew worse and worse.
他的病情越來越糟糕。
One month after he was sworn-in, Harrison died. It was the first time in the country’s history that a president had died in office.
哈里森宣誓就職總統(tǒng)一個(gè)月后就去世了。他成為美國(guó)歷史上第一位在任內(nèi)逝世的總統(tǒng)。
The event raised many questions about who would become president. That question is answered in the next episode of this series.
該事件引起了很多關(guān)于誰會(huì)成為總統(tǒng)的問題。這個(gè)問題將在本系列的下一篇中回答。
For future generations, it also raised a question about what Harrison died of. The traditional story is that his long inaugural speech led to a fatal pneumonia.
對(duì)于后代來說，這也提出了一個(gè)問題：哈里森是因?yàn)槭裁炊?？通行的說法是由于他的就職演講太長(zhǎng)而導(dǎo)致了致命的肺炎。
But researchers in 2014 proposed a different reason.
但調(diào)查人員于2014年提出了不同的結(jié)論。
Jane McHugh and Philip Mackowiak wrote in the New York Times that, while Harrison was in office, Washington, DC did not have a good sewer system. Human waste “simply flowed onto public grounds a short distance from the White House.”
簡(jiǎn)·麥克休和菲利普·馬克威在紐約時(shí)報(bào)上寫道，哈里森執(zhí)政時(shí)，華府還沒有一套完善的下水道系統(tǒng)。人類排泄物很容易地就流淌到離白宮很近的公共區(qū)域。
The researchers conclude that Harrison probably died from problems related to drinking dirty water in the president’s house.
調(diào)查人員得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為，哈里森很可能是因?yàn)樵诎讓m喝了臟水而死的。
So, for Harrison, winning the White House may not have been good fortune at all.
所以，對(duì)于哈里森來說，贏得白宮的運(yùn)氣一點(diǎn)都不好。
[Editor's note: An earlier version of this story said that Harrison won the 1842 election. The election was in 1840.]
[編輯注：這個(gè)故事的早期版本寫的是哈里森贏得了1842年大選，其實(shí)是1840年]
原文鏈接：
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/americas-presidents-william-henry-harrison/3806092.html
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catchy - adj. appealing and easy to remember - 引人注意的；容易記住的 ?
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slogan - n. a word or phrase that is easy to remember - 口號(hào) ?
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securing - 弄到，得到，保護(hù) ?
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prominent - adj. well known - 突出的，顯著的；卓越的，杰出的 ?
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right-hand man - n. very important assistant - 得力助手 ?
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advantage - n. a good position or condition more likely to succeed - 優(yōu)勢(shì) ?
