1. 各目錄含義解釋

roles:          <--所有的角色必須放在roles目錄下，這個目錄可以自定義位置，默認的位置在/etc/ansible/roles
   project:      <---具體的角色項目名稱，比如nginx、tomcat、php
       files：     <--用來存放由copy模塊或script模塊調(diào)用的文件。
       templates： <--用來存放jinjia2模板，template模塊會自動在此目錄中尋找jinjia2模板文件。
       tasks：     <--此目錄應當包含一個main.yml文件，用于定義此角色的任務列表，此文件可以使用include包含其它的位于此目錄的task文件。
           main.yml
       handlers：  <--此目錄應當包含一個main.yml文件，用于定義此角色中觸發(fā)條件時執(zhí)行的動作。
           main.yml
       vars：      <--此目錄應當包含一個main.yml文件，用于定義此角色用到的變量。
           main.yml

2. Ansible Roles示例

通過ansible roles安裝配置nfs服務，此處的roles不使用默認的路徑/etc/ansible/roles
1. 搭建結構
mkdir /mnt/myansible_roles
cd /mnt/myansible_roles

創(chuàng)建ansible.cfg
cat > ansible.cfg  << EOF 
[defaults]
inventory      = hosts
sudo_user      = root
transport      = smart
remote_port    = 22
remote_user = root
log_path = /mnt/myansible_roles/logs/ansible.log
deprecation_warnings = False
command_warnings = False
host_key_checking = False
interpreter_python = auto_legacy_silent
#　gather_facts = no
EOF

創(chuàng)建hosts
cat > hosts << EOF
[nfsServer]
192.168.137.248
EOF

mkdir logs
mkdir -p roles/nfs-server/{tasks,vars,files,templates,handlers}

tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── logs
├── roles
│   └── nfs-server
│       ├── files
│       ├── handlers
│       ├── tasks
│       ├── templates
│       └── vars
└── site.yaml

2. 編寫nfs-server
cd /mnt/myansible_roles/roles/nfs-server
# 創(chuàng)建tasks/main.yaml
cat > tasks/main.yaml << EOF
- name: install nfs-utils rpcbind
  yum: 
    name:
      - nfs-utils
      - rpcbind
    state: installed

- name: create data directory
  file:
    path: "{{ data_dir }}"
    state: directory
    owner: nfsnobody
    group: nfsnobody
#  ignore_errors: True

#- name: create config file
#  copy: src="exports" dest="/etc/"
#  notify:
#    - restart nfs

#- name: create config file
#  copy: 
#    src: exports
#    dest: /etc/
#  notify:
#    - restart nfs

#- name: create config file
#  template: src="exports.j2" dest="/etc/exports"
#  notify:
#    - restart nfs

- name: create config file
  template: 
    src: exports.j2
    dest: /etc/exports
  notify:
    - restart nfs

- name: start process
  service:
    name: "{{ item }}"
    enabled: yes
    state: started
  with_items:
    - rpcbind
    - nfs

- name: check server
  #shell: /usr/sbin/showmount  -e localhost
  shell: /usr/sbin/showmount  -e "{{ansible_eth0.ipv4.address}}"
  register: result

- name: display result
  debug: msg={{ result.stdout_lines }}
EOF

# 創(chuàng)建vars/main.yaml
cat > vars/main.yaml << EOF 
data_dir: /sharding_data
EOF

# 創(chuàng)建handlers/main.yaml
cat > handlers/main.yaml << EOF 
- name: restart nfs
  service:
    name: nfs
    state: restarted
    enabled: yes
EOF

# 創(chuàng)建files/exports
cat > files/exports << EOF 
/sharding_data/ 192.168.137.0/24(rw,sync)
EOF

# 創(chuàng)建templates/exports.j2
cat > templates/exports.j2 << EOF 
{{ data_dir }} 192.168.137.0/24(rw,sync)
EOF

.
├── files
│   └── exports
├── handlers
│   └── main.yaml
├── tasks
│   └── main.yaml
├── templates
│   └── exports.j2
└── vars
    └── main.yaml

3. 測試，執(zhí)行
cd /mnt/myansible_roles/
cat > site.yaml << EOF 
---
- hosts: all
  roles:
    - nfs-server
EOF

# 語法檢查
ansible-playbook --syntax-check site.yaml  
# 預執(zhí)行
ansible-playbook -C site.yaml
# 如果都沒問題就可以執(zhí)行
ansible-playbook site.yaml