讀寫分離及分布式架構(gòu)

1.atlas 實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分離

1.1 安裝ATLAS

[root@db03 ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

1.2 配置

cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf
mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak

cat > test.cnf <<EOF
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user
admin-password = pwd
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.55:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.52:3306,10.0.0.53:3306
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8
EOF

1.3 啟動(dòng)atlas

/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
ps -ef |grep proxy

1.4 測(cè)試讀寫分離

[root@db03 ~]# mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.0.0.53 -P 33060
讀: 
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
寫:
db03 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id; commit;

1.5 生產(chǎn)授權(quán)用戶

例子: root@'10.0.0.%'
(1) 業(yè)務(wù)主庫(kù)中
db01 [(none)]>grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';

(2) 將密碼加密處理
cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin
[root@m01 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt 123
3yb5jEku5h4=

(3) 修改配置文件
vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf 
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,root:3yb5jEku5h4=

(4) 重啟atlas 
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart


(5) 用戶測(cè)試
[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 10.0.0.61 -P 33060

1.6 atlas基礎(chǔ)管理

[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 10.0.0.61 -P 2345
[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 10.0.0.53 -P 2345

db03 [(none)]>select * from help;

(1) 查幫助:
 SELECT * FROM help

(2) 查看節(jié)點(diǎn)信息

SELECT * FROM backends ;

(3) 上線和下線節(jié)點(diǎn)
SET OFFLINE $backend_id;
SET ONLINE $backend_id 

(4) 刪除和添加節(jié)點(diǎn)
db03 [(none)]> REMOVE BACKEND 3;
db03 [(none)]> ADD SLAVE 10.0.0.53:3306;


(5) 添加用戶和刪除用戶
SELECT * FROM pwds;
REMOVE PWD root;
ADD PWD root:123
ADD ENPWD root:3yb5jEku5h4=


(6) 持久化配置
SAVE CONFIG 

=======================================================================

2. MyCAT基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)準(zhǔn)備

2.1 環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備:

兩臺(tái)虛擬機(jī) db01 db02
每臺(tái)創(chuàng)建四個(gè)mysql實(shí)例:3307 3308 3309 3310

2.2 刪除歷史環(huán)境:

pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330* 
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

2.3 創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄初始化數(shù)據(jù)

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql

2.4 準(zhǔn)備配置文件和啟動(dòng)腳本

========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF


cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

2.5 修改權(quán)限,啟動(dòng)多實(shí)例

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

2.6 節(jié)點(diǎn)主從規(guī)劃

箭頭指向誰(shuí)是主庫(kù)
    10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
    10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
    10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307

    10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
    10.0.0.52:3310  ----->     10.0.0.52:3308
    10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308

2.7 分片規(guī)劃

shard1:
    Master:10.0.0.51:3307
    slave1:10.0.0.51:3309
    Standby Master:10.0.0.52:3307
    slave2:10.0.0.52:3309
shard2:
    Master:10.0.0.52:3308
    slave1:10.0.0.52:3310
    Standby Master:10.0.0.51:3308
    slave2:10.0.0.51:3310

2.8 開始配置

shard1
10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db01
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

shard2
10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db02
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3310    ----->       10.0.0.52:3308
db02
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

2.9 檢測(cè)主從狀態(tài)

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:

2.10 如果中間出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,在每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行執(zhí)行以下命令(2.9 狀態(tài)正確,忽略此步驟)

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"

3. Mycat的安裝

3.1 安裝java環(huán)境

yum install -y java

3.2 上傳到/application 并解壓

3.3 軟件介紹

conf: 
schema.xml    主配置文件
rule.xml      分片策略定義文件
server.xml    mycat服務(wù)有關(guān)的配置
xxxx.txt      分片參數(shù)功能有關(guān)

3.4 啟動(dòng)mycat

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/profile 
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

[root@db02 ~]# mycat start 
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066

4. 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備

db01:

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

5. 核心配置文件使用介紹(schema.xml)

5.1 邏輯庫(kù)定義

<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  
##5.2 數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)定義
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />    
##5.3 數(shù)據(jù)主機(jī)定義
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        </dataHost>  

6. Mycat實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分離功能

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />         
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
                        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        </dataHost>  
</mycat:schema>

重啟生效:

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart

測(cè)試:

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id;
mysql> begin; select @@server_id;commit;

7. 讀寫分離+高可用功能

[root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>  
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />  
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
    </writeHost> 
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> 
            <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
    </writeHost>        
    </dataHost>  
</mycat:schema>


真正的 writehost:負(fù)責(zé)寫操作的writehost  
standby  writeHost  :和readhost一樣,只提供讀服務(wù)

當(dāng)寫節(jié)點(diǎn)宕機(jī)后,后面跟的readhost也不提供服務(wù),這時(shí)候standby的writehost就提供寫服務(wù),
后面跟的readhost提供讀服務(wù)

測(cè)試:
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
show variables like 'server_id';
讀寫分離測(cè)試
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
begin;
show variables like 'server_id';
 
對(duì)db01 3307節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行關(guān)閉和啟動(dòng),測(cè)試讀寫操作

8. 配置中的屬性介紹:(了解一下)

balance屬性
負(fù)載均衡類型,目前的取值有3種: 
1. balance="0", 不開啟讀寫分離機(jī)制,所有讀操作都發(fā)送到當(dāng)前可用的writeHost上。 
2. balance="1",全部的readHost與standby writeHost參與select語(yǔ)句的負(fù)載均衡,簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō),
  當(dāng)雙主雙從模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1與 M2互為主備),正常情況下,M2,S1,S2都參與select語(yǔ)句的負(fù)載均衡。 
3. balance="2",所有讀操作都隨機(jī)的在writeHost、readhost上分發(fā)。

writeType屬性
負(fù)載均衡類型,目前的取值有2種: 
1. writeType="0", 所有寫操作發(fā)送到配置的第一個(gè)writeHost,
第一個(gè)掛了切到還生存的第二個(gè)writeHost,重新啟動(dòng)后已切換后的為主,切換記錄在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 
2. writeType=“1”,所有寫操作都隨機(jī)的發(fā)送到配置的writeHost,但不推薦使用

switchType屬性
-1 表示不自動(dòng)切換 
1 默認(rèn)值,自動(dòng)切換 
2 基于MySQL主從同步的狀態(tài)決定是否切換 ,心跳語(yǔ)句為 show slave status 

datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 

maxCon="1000":最大的并發(fā)連接數(shù)
minCon="10" :mycat在啟動(dòng)之后,會(huì)在后端節(jié)點(diǎn)上自動(dòng)開啟的連接線程

tempReadHostAvailable="1"
這個(gè)一主一從時(shí)(1個(gè)writehost,1個(gè)readhost時(shí)),可以開啟這個(gè)參數(shù),如果2個(gè)writehost,2個(gè)readhost時(shí)
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  監(jiān)測(cè)心跳
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