前言
最近學完ssm框架了,閑來無事想學學spring boot。spring的入門程序"HelloWorld"就不寫了,前兩天寫的時候沒有把過程記錄下來,我那時候入門是直接寫了一個增刪改查的頁面,至于前端頁面我用的是Thymeleaf模板引擎,相關(guān)資料我參考的是這里,這是大神自己寫的springBoot系列教程demo,可以把項目clone下來慢慢學。
我這里就直接從spring boot訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫的幾種方式開始做學習筆記了,如果有人看并且可以從中學到東西,那就太好了(雖然并不會有人看到...)
方式一:spring boot+jdbcTemplate
1.導入需要的依賴包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.baidu</groupId>
<artifactId>ch7-thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>ch7-thymeleaf</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--thymeleaf-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 單元測試依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--web相關(guān)依賴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--測試-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--JDBC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- h2 數(shù)據(jù)源連接驅(qū)動 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.實體類
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 16:07
*/
public class Book implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3537921742065870581L;
/**
* 編號
*/
private Long id;
/**
* 書名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 作者
*/
private String writer;
/**
* 簡介
*/
private String introduction;
public static long getSerialVersionUID() {
return serialVersionUID;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getWriter() {
return writer;
}
public void setWriter(String writer) {
this.writer = writer;
}
public String getIntroduction() {
return introduction;
}
public void setIntroduction(String introduction) {
this.introduction = introduction;
}
}
3.根據(jù)上面的的實體類創(chuàng)建好對應的數(shù)據(jù)表,數(shù)據(jù)庫我用的是Mysql
4.配置application.properties文件
## 是否開啟緩存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
## 渲染之前檢查模板是否存在
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true
##檢查模板位置是否存在。
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
##為Web框架啟用Thymeleaf視圖解析。
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
##模板文件編碼。
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
#模板
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
#前綴
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
#響應數(shù)據(jù)格式
spring.thymeleaf.servlet.content-type=text/html
#后綴
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
#mysql相關(guān)配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
5.DAO層接口IBookDao
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.dao;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo.Book;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 21:53
*/
public interface IBookDao {
/**
* 查所有書
* @return 所有的書本
*/
List<Book> findAll();
/**
* 添加一本書
* @return 返回添加的書本
*/
Book insertByBook(Book book);
/**
* 更新書本信息
* @param book 要更新的書
* @return 跟新的書
*/
Book update(Book book);
/**
* 根據(jù)id刪除書本
* @param id 要刪除的書本的id
* @return 刪除的書本
*/
void delete(Long id);
/**
* 根據(jù)id查找書本
* @param id 要查找書本的id
* @return 返回要查找的書本
*/
Book findById(Long id);
}
實現(xiàn)類:BookDaoImpl
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.dao.impl;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.dao.IBookDao;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo.Book;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 22:04
*/
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements IBookDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
String sql = "SELECT id,name,writer,introduction FROM t_book";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Book.class));
}
@Override
public Book insertByBook(Book book) {
String sql = "INSERT INTO t_book(name,writer,introduction) VALUES(?,?,?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql, book.getName(),book.getWriter(), book.getIntroduction());
return book;
}
@Override
public Book update(Book book) {
String sql = "UPDATE t_book SET name=?,writer=?,introduction=? WHERE id=?";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, book.getName(), book.getWriter(),
book.getIntroduction(), book.getId());
System.out.println("更新書本的id是:" + book.getId());
return book;
}
@Override
public void delete(Long id) {
String sql = "DELETE FROM t_book WHERE id=?";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
}
@Override
public Book findById(Long id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name,writer,introduction FROM t_book WHERE id=?";
return (Book) jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new Object[]{id}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Book.class));
}
}
6.業(yè)務(wù)層接口和實現(xiàn)類
IBookService
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.service;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo.Book;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 16:10
*/
public interface IBookService {
/**
* 獲取所有 Book
*/
List<Book> findAll();
/**
* 新增 Book
*
* @param book {@link Book}
*/
Book insertByBook(Book book);
/**
* 更新 Book
*
* @param book {@link Book}
*/
Book update(Book book);
/**
* 刪除 Book
*
* @param id 編號
*/
void delete(Long id);
/**
* 獲取 Book
*
* @param id 編號
*/
Book findById(Long id);
}
BookServiceImpl
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.service.impl;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.dao.IBookDao;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo.Book;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.service.IBookService;
import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.RETURN;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 16:11
*/
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements IBookService {
@Autowired
private IBookDao bookDao;
@Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
return bookDao.findAll();
}
@Override
public Book insertByBook(Book book) {
bookDao.insertByBook(book);
return book;
}
@Override
public Book update(Book book) {
bookDao.update(book);
return book;
}
@Override
public void delete(Long id) {
bookDao.delete(id);
}
@Override
public Book findById(Long id) {
return bookDao.findById(id);
}
}
7.控制層
package com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.controller;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.pojo.Book;
import com.baidu.ch7thymeleaf.service.IBookService;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/27 16:23
*/
@Controller//@RESTController
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(BookController.class);
private static final String BOOK_FORM_PATH_NAME = "bookForm";
private static final String BOOK_LIST_PATH_NAME = "bookList";
private static final String REDIRECT_TO_BOOK_URL = "redirect:/book";
@Autowired
private IBookService bookService;
/**
* 獲取數(shù)的列表
* 處理"/book"的get請求,獲取所有書的列表
* @return 書的列表
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getBookList(ModelMap modelMap) {
log.info("展示書單方法運行...");
modelMap.addAttribute("bookList", bookService.findAll());
return BOOK_LIST_PATH_NAME;
}
/**
* 獲取創(chuàng)建book表單
* @return book表單
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String createBookForm(ModelMap modelMap) {
log.info("跳轉(zhuǎn)到列表...");
modelMap.addAttribute("book", new Book());
modelMap.addAttribute("action", "create");
return BOOK_FORM_PATH_NAME;
}
/**
* 創(chuàng)建book
* 處理"/book/create"的post請求,用來新建book信息
* 通過@ModelAttribute綁定表單實體參數(shù),也通過@RequestParam傳遞參數(shù)
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String postBook(@ModelAttribute Book book) {
log.info("添加書本到列表中...");
bookService.insertByBook(book);
return REDIRECT_TO_BOOK_URL;
}
/**
* 獲取更新Book表單
* 處理"/book/update/{id}"的get請求,通過URL中的id來獲取Book信息
* URL中的id,通過@PathVariable
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/update/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String updateBook(@PathVariable Long id, ModelMap modelmap) {
log.info("更新方法運行...");
log.info(bookService.findById(id));
modelmap.addAttribute("book", bookService.findById(id));
modelmap.addAttribute("action", "update");
return BOOK_FORM_PATH_NAME;
}
/**
* 更新book
* 處理"/update"的PUT請求,用來更新Book的信息
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/update", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String putBook(@ModelAttribute Book book) {
log.info("更新書本到列表中...");
log.info(book);
bookService.update(book);
return REDIRECT_TO_BOOK_URL;
}
/**
*刪除book
* 處理"/book/{id}"的get請求,用來刪除book信息
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
log.info("刪除書本...");
bookService.delete(id);
return REDIRECT_TO_BOOK_URL;
}
}
8.三層架構(gòu)到這里就寫完了,這里就應該結(jié)合Thymeleaf加入前端頁面了,另外要注意spring boot工程的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳實踐,也就是大家公認的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)應該這樣建,之所以有這個東西是因為spring boot有一個啟動類,要掃描加載的注解很多,如果目錄結(jié)構(gòu)的層級關(guān)系建的不好的話有可能有些類不能被掃描到,從而導致項目啟動失敗。具體怎么建請參考這篇文章
bookList.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js}"></script>
<link th:href="@{https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link th:href="@{/static/css/default.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link rel="icon" th:href="@{/static/images/favicon.ico}" type="image/x-icon"/>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>書籍列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="contentDiv">
<h5> 《Spring Boot 2.x 核心技術(shù)實戰(zhàn) - 上 基礎(chǔ)篇》第 4 章《模板引擎》Demo </h5>
<table class="table table-hover table-condensed">
<legend>
<strong>書籍列表</strong>
</legend>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>書籍編號</th>
<th>書名</th>
<th>作者</th>
<th>簡介</th>
<th>管理</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr th:each="book : ${bookList}">
<th scope="row" th:text="${book.id}"></th>
<td><a th:href="@{/book/update/{bookId}(bookId=${book.id})}" th:text="${book.name}"></a></td>
<td th:text="${book.writer}"></td>
<td th:text="${book.introduction}"></td>
<td><a class="btn btn-danger" th:href="@{/book/delete/{bookId}(bookId=${book.id})}">刪除</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><a class="btn btn-primary" href="/book/create" role="button">新增書籍</a></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
bookForm.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js}"></script>
<link th:href="@{https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link th:href="@{/css/default.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link rel="icon" th:href="@{/images/favicon.ico}" type="image/x-icon"/>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>書籍管理</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="contentDiv">
<h5>《Spring Boot 2.x 核心技術(shù)實戰(zhàn) - 上 基礎(chǔ)篇》第 4 章《模板引擎》Demo </h5>
<legend>
<strong>書籍管理</strong>
</legend>
<form th:action="@{/book/{action}(action=${action})}" method="post" class="form-horizontal">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${book.id}" th:field="*{book.id}"/>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="book_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">書名:</label>
<div class="col-xs-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" name="name" th:value="${book.name}"
th:field="*{book.name}"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="book_writer" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者:</label>
<div class="col-xs-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_writer" name="writer" th:value="${book.writer}"
th:field="*{book.writer}"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="book_introduction" class="col-sm-2 control-label">簡介:</label>
<div class="col-xs-4">
<textarea class="form-control" id="book_introduction" rows="3" name="introduction"
th:value="${book.introduction}" th:field="*{book.introduction}"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交"/>
<input class="btn" type="button" value="返回" onclick="history.back()"/>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
方式二:spring Data JPA
用完JDBCTemplate后再用JPA操作數(shù)據(jù)庫簡直太方便了,JPA好像跟Hibernate語法比較相近?我之前沒學過Hibernate,所以學起來相對慢一丟丟,但是問題不大。這里不再貼詳細代碼了,制鐵關(guān)鍵步驟的代碼,需要完整代碼請去上面給出的github地址中自取。
1.導入依賴包
<!-- Spring Data JPA 依賴 :: 數(shù)據(jù)持久層框架 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- h2 數(shù)據(jù)源連接驅(qū)動 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
2.建一個實體類,這個實體類很重要,因為自動生成的數(shù)據(jù)表是根據(jù)這個實體類來生成的。建好這個類表就會自動生成。感覺這是Hibernate強大的地方,當然,這樣也是有弊端的,就是不能很靈活地處理sql語句。
這里要特別關(guān)注這些注解。
@Id是聲明表的主鍵
@GeneraterValue 指定主鍵的生成策略
@Column 聲明該屬性與數(shù)據(jù)庫字段的映射關(guān)系。
/**
* id
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
/**
* 書名
*/
@Column(nullable = false)
private String name;
/**
* 作者
*/
@Column(nullable = false)
private String writer;
/**
* 簡介
*/
@Column(nullable = false)
private String introduction;
/**
* 空參構(gòu)造
*/
public JPABook() {
}
/**
* 有參構(gòu)造
*/
public JPABook(String name, String writer, String introduction) {
this.name = name;
this.writer = writer;
this.introduction = introduction;
}
//省略了setter和getter方法
3.這里才是spring JPA神奇地方,只需要寫一個dao接口繼承JpaRepository<T, ID>,就能完成增刪改查操作,既不能實現(xiàn)接口也不用寫sql語句,簡直是神器啊...JPA自己本身寫好了一些增刪改查地方法,參考JPA的APIJPA API,另外JPA還支持根據(jù)你的接口方法名結(jié)合關(guān)鍵字自動生生sql語句,就是說你不用關(guān)心sql語句,只需要關(guān)心業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。如果這些方法不夠用的話也可以用@Query注解自己寫sql語句。下面是定義類的Repository:
package com.baidu.ch08spring_data_jpa.pojo.repository;
import com.baidu.ch08spring_data_jpa.pojo.JPABook;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
/**
* @author huangdongjiang
* @date 2018/8/28 16:25
*/
public interface JPABookRepository extends JpaRepository<JPABook, Long> {
}
4.業(yè)務(wù)層
@Service
public class JPABookServiceImpl implements IJPABookService {
@Autowired
private JPABookRepository jpaBookRepository;
@Override
public List<JPABook> findAll() {
return jpaBookRepository.findAll();
}
@Override
public JPABook insertByBook(JPABook jpaBook) {
return jpaBookRepository.save(jpaBook);
}
@Override
public JPABook update(JPABook jpaBook) {
return jpaBookRepository.save(jpaBook);
}
@Override
public void delete(Long id) {
jpaBookRepository.deleteById(id);
}
@Override
public JPABook findById(Long id) {
return jpaBookRepository.getOne(id);
}
}
方式三:spring boot + mybatis
1.導入mybatis的相關(guān)依賴包
<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.配置application.properties文件
## Mybatis 配置
mybatis.typeAliasesPackage=com.baidu.ch8mybatis.pojo
mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
前者用來設(shè)置別名,后者指定mapper.xml文件的位置。
另外除了以上配置還有下面這些怕配置可以選擇來用:
#mybatis.type-handlers-package=type handlers處理器包路徑
#mybatis.check-config-location=檢查mybatis配置是否存在,一般命名為mybatis配置是否存在,一般命名為mybatis-config.xml
3.BookMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.baidu.ch8mybatis.dao.IBookMapper">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.baidu.ch8mybatis.pojo.Book">
<result column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="writer" property="writer"/>
<result column="introduction" property="introduction"/>
</resultMap>
<parameterMap id="book" type="com.baidu.ch8mybatis.pojo.Book"/>
<sql id="Base_Column_List">
id, name, writer, introduction
</sql>
<!--查詢所有書本-->
<select id="findAll" resultType="Book" parameterType="java.lang.String">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List"/>
from t_book
</select>
<!--添加一本書-->
<insert id="insertByBook" parameterType="Book">
insert into
t_book(name,writer,introduction)
values (#{name},#{writer},#{introduction})
</insert>
<!--更新一本書-->
<update id="update" parameterType="Book">
update
t_book
set name=#{name},writer=#{writer},introduction=#{introduction}
</update>
<!--根據(jù)ID刪除一本書-->
<delete id="delete" parameterType="java.lang.Long">
delete from
t_book
where id=#{id}
</delete>
<!--根據(jù)id查詢一本書-->
<select id="findById" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultType="Book">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List"/>
from t_book
where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
4.在DAO接口上加上注解,不加的話會報注入不了Bean的錯誤
@Mapper
public interface IBookMapper {
....
}
5.在啟動類上加上掃描DAO的注解@MapperScan("DAO的完整包名")
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.baidu.ch8mybatis.dao.IBookMapper")
public class Ch8MybatisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Ch8MybatisApplication.class, args);
}
}
參考文獻
JPA
【參考一】https://blog.csdn.net/dandandeshangni/article/details/79497804
mybatis
【參考二】http://www.spring4all.com/article/145