學(xué)生說對(duì)there be句型不是很理解。我找到一個(gè)紙盒子，在里面放入一個(gè)蘋果，一個(gè)乒乓球，一個(gè)土豆，再把盒子上開一個(gè)小口，剛好可以伸進(jìn)去一只手。
我讓學(xué)生一次抓一樣?xùn)|西，抓到以后用手摸并說出抓到的是什么，當(dāng)然一定要用英語there be句型表達(dá)，猜對(duì)了又說對(duì)了，東西就歸學(xué)生了。
對(duì)于游戲，孩子都是無法拒絕的，何況還有機(jī)會(huì)獲得獎(jiǎng)品。學(xué)生很積極地參與。接著我趁熱打鐵，要求學(xué)生把句型改為疑問句，否定句，通過一問一答，重復(fù)訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生對(duì)句型已經(jīng)運(yùn)用很熟練了。
關(guān)于there be 句型的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，收藏起來：
There be 句型是英語中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There在此結(jié)構(gòu)中是引導(dǎo)詞，已經(jīng)沒有副詞“那里”的含義。
There be 句型的構(gòu)成形式一般為“There is/are + 某物/人 +某地/時(shí)”，表示某地/時(shí)有某物/人。主謂要一致
1.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞be后所接的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be 應(yīng)該取單數(shù)is；當(dāng)其后所接的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be用復(fù)數(shù)are。
There's a man at the door.門口有個(gè)人。
There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有些蘋果汁。
There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。
2.如果There be 后面是幾個(gè)并列名詞做補(bǔ)語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be的形式和最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只煙灰缸和兩個(gè)瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有兩個(gè)瓶子和一個(gè)煙灰缸。
時(shí)態(tài)
1.There be 句型中動(dòng)詞be可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)和完成時(shí)。
There isn't harm in trying.不妨一試。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山中有極美的野花。
There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天將是一個(gè)晴天。
2.There be 句型可以和各種助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或許有支香煙。
There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
There used to be a hospital there before the war.戰(zhàn)前，那里曾經(jīng)有家醫(yī)院。
3.There be 句型也可以和這樣一些的謂語動(dòng)詞連用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.在我與草坪之間好像有一些樹。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有個(gè)會(huì)議。
There is likely to be a storm.可能有一場(chǎng)暴雨。
There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有輛公交車。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故。
4.there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中除可以用be 外，還可以用其它動(dòng)詞。例如：
There came a scent of lime-blossom.飄來一陣菩提樹的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.從前中國有一個(gè)國王。
否定句
1.There be 句型的否定句構(gòu)成方式是將否定副詞not放在be 之后，如：
There isn’t a box in the room.房間里沒有盒子。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.課桌上沒有鋼筆。
There hasn’t been any rain for a week.一周沒下雨了。
There won’t be a meeting today.今天沒有會(huì)議。
疑問句
2.There be 句型的一般疑問句是將be 放在主語there 之前，回答時(shí)用yes或no，后接簡(jiǎn)單答語。如：
Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有塊蛋糕嗎？
Yes，there is. / No，there isn’t.是，有。/ 不，沒有。
Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚會(huì)嗎？
Yes，there will./ No, there won’t是的，有。/ 不，沒有。
Yes，there have./ No, there haven’t.是，有的。/ 不，沒有。
3.There be 句型的特殊疑問句主要有how many和how much做引導(dǎo)詞兩種情況：
How many students are there in your school?你們學(xué)校有多少學(xué)生？
How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少錢?
4.There be 句型的反意疑問句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?桌子上有只杯子，是嗎？
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?杯子里有桔汁，是嗎?
There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?郵筒里有很多信件，是嗎？
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?附近要建一家新醫(yī)院，是嗎?
和have的比較
1.區(qū)別點(diǎn)：there be 意為存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)某地有某物，不表示所屬關(guān)系；have 表示所有關(guān)系， 強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某地有某物，這是其基本用法。如：
There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些樹。
Tom has many friends in China.湯姆在中國有許多朋友。
2.相同點(diǎn)：在表示結(jié)構(gòu)上的含有時(shí)，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 來表示。如：
There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers.中國有許多長(zhǎng)河。
How many days are there in March?/How many days does March have?三月份有多少天？
非謂語動(dòng)詞形式：
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式是there to be 和there being 兩種形式。在句中作主語、賓語和狀語。
- there being 結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，直接位于句首作主語，通常用it 作形式主語，并且用for引導(dǎo)。
There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁邊有個(gè)公共汽車站，很是方便。
It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。 - there be 結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，通常用there to be ，常作這樣一些詞的賓語：expect，like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。
I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望關(guān)于這件事不要再爭(zhēng)吵了。
I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我寧愿不要討論我的私事。
People don’t want there to be another war.人們不希望再有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)了。
另外，作介詞賓語時(shí)，如果是介詞for，只能用“there to be”其它介詞用“there being”
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老師在等著大家都安靜下來。
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做夢(mèng)也沒想到我會(huì)有好機(jī)會(huì)。 - 作狀語的there be 形式，通常用“there being”結(jié)構(gòu)。
There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因?yàn)闆]有其他事可做，我們就回家了。
They closed the door ,there being no customers.因?yàn)闆]有顧客，他們的店關(guān)門了。
一、構(gòu)成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be(is，are，was, were )+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：
There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
二、各種句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上“not”。（名詞）= not a\an\any + n.（名詞）。注意： not a\an + n.（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）； not any + n.（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）；not any + n.（不可數(shù)名詞）。例如：
There is an orange in her bag.
→There isn’t an orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle.
→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
一般疑問句：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句變化只需把be動(dòng)詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號(hào)即可。例如：
There is some money in her handbag.
→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑問句和否定句中，some改為any, something改為anything.)
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
特殊疑問句：
There be句型的特殊疑問句有以下三種形式：
① 對(duì)主語提問：當(dāng)主語是人時(shí)，用 “Who’s + 介詞短語?”；當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，用 “What’s + 介詞短語?”。其中there在口語中常常省略。注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)其提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如：
There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
② 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語提問：用 “Where is \ are + 主語?”表示（注意其答語變化）：例如：
There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.
③ 對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種提問方式：
如果主語是可數(shù)名詞，無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用“How many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語？”表示：
There are twelve months in a year.
→How many months are there in a year?
There is only one book in my bag.
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box.
→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞，則用“ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？”表示：
There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in
your purse?
反意疑問句：There be或There加其它動(dòng)詞，其反意疑問句一律用…there?例如：
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
There used to be no school here, used there \did there?
三、注意事項(xiàng)： - There be句型中be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
如果句子的主語是單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，或是不可數(shù)名詞，be動(dòng)詞用“is”“was”。例如：
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，be動(dòng)詞就用“are” “were”。例如：
There are many birds in the tree. There were many people in the street yesterday.
如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語，be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語在數(shù)上保持一致，也就是我們常說的 “就近原則”。例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. - There與be中間可插入一些表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、表時(shí)態(tài)的短語和一些動(dòng)詞短語 (如和將來時(shí)be going to\ will、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have\has + pp、used to結(jié)構(gòu)等連用，注意其構(gòu)成形式,這一內(nèi)容在我們?nèi)粘＞毩?xí)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,是一難點(diǎn),也是歷年中考試題中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn).)。例如：
There must be a pen in the box.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There used to be a church across from the bank. - There be句型和have\has的區(qū)別：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表示 “擁有” “所有”,兩者不能同時(shí)使用.例如：
桌子上有三本書. There are three books on the desk.
我有三本書. I have three books. - There be + 主語 + doing +介詞短語. 例如：
There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
There is a wallet lying on the ground.
舉例
There are two dogs in the garden.
There weren't any people in the park yesterday.
There won't be another football match next Sunday.
There have been some changes since you left last week. There is a book on the desk.
There can't be anything new.
Must there be an indefinite article here?
Is there going to be a post office in the village?
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
There are some students in the dormitory.
