The Process section in SCOR provides a set of pre-defined descriptions for activities most companies perform to effectively execute their supply chains.?
The six macro-level SCOR processes Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return and Enable are well-known and widely adopted.?
SCOR identifies 2 more levels of process.?
Level here indicates the span of the process:?
A level-3 process is focused on a more detailed activity.?
A level-1 process spans multiple level-3 processes.?
Graphic 4 shows the levels within the SCOR model processes.
Level-2 process categories determine the capabilities within the level-1 processes.?
The key level-2 processes are Make-to-Stock vs. Make-to-Order vs. Engineer-to-Order for Source, Make and Deliver processes and Defective vs. MRO vs. Excess for the Return process.?
Level-3 processes are process steps that are performed in a certain sequence in order to plan supply chain activities, source materials, make products, deliver goods and services and handle product returns.
Companies may develop standard process descriptions of activities within the level-3 processes-- so called level-4 processes.?
Level-4 processes are generally industry, product, location and/ or technology specific.
?For example: Most if not all companies need to perform a task known as "receive, enter and validate a customer order".
This is a level-3 process (for example sD1.2). The level-4 processes would describe the steps how the order was received.?
Examples would beEDI,fax, telephone, and walk-in.?
Each of these may require a unique level-4 process description.?
Another step you would describe how the order was entered.?
EDI maybe automatically loaded by certain software, fax and phone orders are entered by the order desk, walk-ins are processed at the checkout counter. And so on.
The level at which processes need to be described depends on the project.?
For most projects level-2 process diagrams help identify structural issues in the supply chain: "Why do we have a warehouse feeding a warehouse, feeding a warehouse?" or "Lead-time are long due to wherewe source some of these materials".
Level-3 process diagrams help identify decision points, triggers and process disconnects.?
For example: A sourcing model where I only take inventory ownership after I shipped it to my customer -- a.k.a. "consignment inventory" -- is described at level-3.?
Another sourcing alternative vendor managed inventory is also defined at level-3.?
Both need the standard level-3 processes, but the way these processes are sequenced and who performs them is the differentiator.
Process codification differs by level.?
Level-1 processes are represented by a capital letter preceded by the letter “s” (stands for SCOR):?
sP for Plan, sS for Source, sM for Make, sD for Deliver and sR for Return.?
Level-2 processes add a number for most level-2 processes:?
sD1 for Deliver Stocked Products, sP3 for Plan Make.?
Level-3 processes add a period followed by a unique number:?
sD1.1 for Process Inquiry and Quote, sD1.2 for Receive, Enter and Validate Order.?
Exceptions exist for Return processes:?
Level-2 Return processes are split into Source Return (sSRx) and Deliver Return (sDRx) processes to acknowledge the difference between returning something yourself or receiving a return from your customer.?
The level-3 processes are aligned with these codes:
sDR1.1 is Authorize Defective Product Return.
SCOR流程部分為大多數(shù)公司執(zhí)行的活動提供了一組預(yù)定義的描述，用于有效地執(zhí)行它們的供應(yīng)鏈。
六個宏觀級別的SCOR過程計劃、采購、制作、交付、退貨回和使能是眾所周知和廣泛采用的。
SCOR標(biāo)識了兩個以上的流程級別。
這里的Level表示流程的跨度:級別3的流程關(guān)注于更詳細(xì)的活動。
一級流程跨越多個三級流程。
圖4顯示了SCOR模型流程中的級別。
二級流程類別決定了一級流程中的能力。
關(guān)鍵的二級流程是:
按庫存生產(chǎn) vs.按訂單生產(chǎn) vs.工程定制生產(chǎn)的采購、制造和交付流程、缺陷/MRO/超額產(chǎn)品退貨流程。
第三級流程是指為了規(guī)劃供應(yīng)鏈活動、采購原材料、生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品、交付貨物和服務(wù)以及處理產(chǎn)品退貨而按一定順序執(zhí)行的流程步驟。
公司可以為三級流程中活動制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的流程描述——即所謂的四級流程。
四級流程通常是特定于行業(yè)、產(chǎn)品、位置和/或技術(shù)的。
例如:
大多數(shù)公司需要執(zhí)行一項稱為“接收、輸入和驗證客戶訂單”的任務(wù)。
這是一個三級流程(例如sD1.2)。
第四級流程將描述如何接收訂單的步驟。
例如EDI、傳真、電話和上門服務(wù)。
每一個都可能需要一個獨(dú)特的四級過程描述。
另一個步驟是描述訂單是如何輸入的。
電子數(shù)據(jù)交換可能由某些軟件自動加載，傳真和電話訂單由訂單臺輸入，在收銀臺處理預(yù)約。等等。
需要描述流程的級別取決于項目。
對于大多數(shù)項目，二級流程圖有助于識別供應(yīng)鏈中的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題:“為什么我們要從一個倉庫運(yùn)送到一個倉庫，再到一個倉庫?”，或者“我們采購的這些物料交期很長”。
三級流程圖有助于識別決策點、觸發(fā)器和流程斷開。
例如:一種采購模式，在這種模式中，我把商品交付給我的客戶后，我擁有庫存存所有權(quán) -- a.k.a. "寄售庫存" ,是第三級描述。
另一個采購供應(yīng)商管理的庫存也定義在第三級。
兩者都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三級流程，但是這些流程的排序方式和執(zhí)行人員是區(qū)別所在。
過程編碼按級別不同而不同。
一級流程由字母“s”(代表SCOR)前的大寫字母表示:
sP表示計劃，sS表示來源，sM表示制造，sD表示交付，sR為退貨。
二級流程為大多數(shù)一級流程添加一個數(shù)字:
sD1 交付庫存產(chǎn)品,?
sP3 計劃制定.?
三級流程添加一個句點，后面跟著一個唯一的數(shù)字，后面跟著一個唯一的編號:
sD1.1? 流程查詢和報價，
sD1.2? 接收、輸入和驗證訂單。
退貨流程例外:
二級退貨流程分為采購?fù)素洠╯SRx）和交付退貨（sDRx）流程區(qū)分自己退貨和從客戶退貨之間的區(qū)別。
第三級的程序與這些守則是一致的:
sDR1.1是授權(quán)不良品退貨。
