go back, date back ,確切的日期，給物品定年代的，

we'v been friends foe long; we go way back since..

write widely on science ,

It has twice the weight of another, twice as heavy?

form a theory to explain what is going on, and then carry on an experiment to see whether the theory works?

pick holes in the argument?

in orbit around/round the sun,不用the，不是具體的圈 out of shape try to be in shape, in bed 只是一種狀態(tài) ，不是具體一張床，

alpha particles bounced back off the paper, step off of the train ,從火車?yán)锩娉鰜?，由?nèi)憂外，step off the wall, 只是遠(yuǎn)離了這個墻 the pingpang is bouncing on the table?

artillery shall 炮彈殼?

all the more,

?in some degree, in some measure, in some extend ,

outlook?

an attitude or point of view

expectations for the future, especially with respect to a particular situation

a view seen from a place

an idea about what a situation will be like in the future

your general attitude toward things

前景 觀點 人生觀 景色 外觀

eclipse?

日食；月食an occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the sun for a time; an occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time

（重要性、權(quán)勢等的）喪失，黯然失色，暗淡a loss of importance, power, etc. especially because sb/sth else has become more important, powerful, etc.

v.~ sth 遮住…的光to cause an eclipse

~ sb/sth 使失色；使相形見絀；使喪失重要性to make sb/sth seem dull or unimportant by comparison

mediterranean 地中海 地中海風(fēng)格 地中海居民

magnificent 壯觀的 富麗堂皇的

ingenious 精巧的 有創(chuàng)意的 巧妙的 機靈的

alchemy 煉金術(shù)

flourish 繁榮 興旺 茁壯成長 ?

distillation蒸餾

Arabic numeral 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字

monopoly 專制?

learn 學(xué)會 learn of 了解

Belgian anatomist Andreas produced AA, which described his dissections of human corpses with exquisite illustrations.

anatomist 解剖學(xué)家 剖析者

dissection ?解剖,分類,切割作用,解剖標(biāo)本,剝離,剖分,切開

corpse 死尸 尸首

exquisite 精美的 精致的 強烈的?

illustration 插圖 圖解 圖示 ，illustrator插畫家 illustrate 給 配插圖

skeptical 懷疑的

laid foundation ,form basis ,

a host of 一大堆的

open up new fields of science ,in to which marched Danish physicist?

thermodynamics 熱力學(xué)的 使用熱動力的

geologist 地質(zhì)學(xué)家 strata ?stratum 的復(fù)數(shù) 地層 layer 層

proposed 被提出

demonstrate 證明 推演 示范?

leapfrog 跳躍式前進?

The idea of Big Bang began to take root.

chromosomes 染色體?

inheritance 遺傳 遺產(chǎn) 繼承權(quán) 遺傳特征

falsify ,disprove, bring an entire theory crushing down,整個理論坍塌，quash ,discredit, ?

1.perpetual

不間斷的；持續(xù)的；長久的continuing for a long period of time without interruption ?a perpetual struggle to discover

一再反復(fù)的；無盡無休的；沒完沒了的frequently repeated, in a way that is annoying ?perpetual quarrel 無休止的爭吵

終身的；永久的lasting for the whole of sb's life perpetual imprisonment 終生監(jiān)禁

2.lay foundations for

date back 感覺一直不被發(fā)現(xiàn)?

go back ? ?we go way back我們是朋友好久了

twice the weight as/of another?

form a theory to explain what is going on and then carry out an experiment to see whether the theory works?

artillery shall 炮彈殼

is all the more 顯然之上的更進一步?

Every experiment that gives predicted answers is supporting evidence,but one experiment that fails may bring an entire theory crashing down.

in some mesure 某種程度上

Those could not have been found without the vacuum pump and ,in 1799, the invention of the battery 本來可能不會發(fā)生 could not have done ?I could have found him ?

set up?

AD 公元紀(jì)年（拉丁語Anno Domini）英語為 CB（Common Ero） BCE/BC 公元前 before common Ero

虛擬語氣?

過去的假設(shè)，could not have found her

in the works ?某人已經(jīng)在做這件事了 it is in the works ?

learn ?學(xué)會?

learn of 聽說 了解了

?falsify 證偽 overturn 推翻 quash? 鎮(zhèn)壓? 證偽? 壓碎 推翻 discredit 證明。。錯 使名譽不再 使人民不再相信 ?shake 動搖根基 推翻

monopoly n.壟斷者 壟斷?

thereby 因此?

quash ?鎮(zhèn)壓 ?證偽 ?壓碎 推翻?

mistical 神秘的 alchemy 煉金術(shù)

form the basis for classical physics

leapfrog 跳山羊 ?越級升職 ?超越

fleece 動物的毛皮 ?duck feather /duck down 鴨毛 鴨絨?

3.assert

明確肯定；斷言to state clearly and firmly that sth is true assert that

~ yourself 堅持自己的主張；表現(xiàn)堅定to behave in a confident and determined way so that other people pay attention to your opinionsAssert yourself and see what your partner does with that

~ sth 維護自己的權(quán)利（或權(quán)威）to make other people recognize your right or authority to do sth, by behaving firmly and confidently assert her innocent 堅持聲稱她是無辜的

~ itself 生效；起作用to start to have an effect

4.astronomer, stargazer, astrophysicist ,space scientist 天文學(xué)家

astrolabe 星盤

5.empirical

以實驗（或經(jīng)驗）為依據(jù)的；經(jīng)驗主義的based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories Some of our philosophers would say that they pursue conceptual analysis rather than empirical inquiry.[in'kwairi]有的哲學(xué)家會說，他們想要的是概念分析，而不是實證調(diào)查。

6.-rical ?adj. ?與..有關(guān)的 numerical 數(shù)字的 用數(shù)字表示的 spherical 球形的 aspherical （尤指光學(xué)鏡片）非球面的 （northern hemisphere 北半球）centrical 中心的 重要的 ?hysterical 歇斯底里的 ?historical 與歷史有關(guān)的 有關(guān)過去事件的 electrical 電動的 發(fā)電的

7.Building on the work of the Arab scientist 600 years earlier, and soon to be reinforced by the French philosopher , Bacon's scientific method requires ..

reinforce

~ sth 加強；充實；使更強烈to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger reinforce the prejudice 加深偏見

~ sth 加固；使更結(jié)實to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it reinforced concrete鋼筋混凝土

~ sth 給…加強力量（或裝備）；使更強大to send more people or equipment in order to make an army, etc. stronger reinforce the front line 增援前線

8 pick holes 挑毛病，pick a hole in 找茬 ，pick and choose 挑挑揀揀 luggage pick up 行李領(lǐng)取， pick up points and times 接站地點和事件，pick sb. out 看中某人 認(rèn)出某人，pick a pocket 扒竊

9 falsify

to alter something in order to deceive 偽造 falsify evidence 偽造證據(jù) falsify certificates 偽造執(zhí)照

to prove that something is incorrect 否證 falsify a statement

to misrepresent the facts in order to mislead 篡改

to change something deliberately in order to trick other people竄改

In fact, Science needs to be repeating test, verify and falsify .測試驗證再否證 ?falsify accounts 做假賬 falsify the theory 理論遭到駁斥

10 hypothesis 假說

hypo-在…之下 hypogeum 地下室 地窖，hypocrisy 偽善 虛偽hypocrite 偽君子

epi-在…之上 epigone追隨者（尤指藝術(shù) ）蹩腳的模仿者 episode插曲一段經(jīng)歷 電視劇的一集

11. comet 彗星

12.orbit n&v

the path that an astronomical object such as a planet, moon, or satellite follows around a larger astronomical object such as the Sun軌道

an area in which someone or something has power or influence，a sphere of interest, influence, or activity 活動范圍 影響范圍

v.move in an orbit(round the earth or some other heavenly body) 沿軌道運行

to move around a large object in space such as a planet圍繞…運動

orbit around 圍軌道運行

in shape ,out of shape, 不是具體的哪一個形狀?

come out of the train , ?bounce back off the train ,?

13.speculative ?推測的 ?推斷的 投機的 speculative demand 退機型需求

14.deflection n.偏移 移角

15. foil n.錫箔紙 v. 襯托，阻撓

16.artillery n炮火 大炮

artillery shall 炮彈殼?

17.compelling

attracting strong interest and attention 引人入勝的 扣人心弦的

necessitating action or belief 強有力的

interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely

able to persuade someone to do something or persuade them that something is true 令人信服的

compelling evidence 強有力充分的證據(jù)

18. geocentric adj.以地球為中心的

? geocentric theory 地心說 ?heliocentric theory 日心說

19.simultaneously 同時發(fā)生的 同步的

simultaneous interpretation 同傳 ?consecutive interpretation 交傳

consecutive 連續(xù)不斷的 ?不被打斷的

20 apparatus 儀器 ?器官

21.vacuum n.真空 真空吸塵器， vacuum pump 真空泵