Appium的使用學(xué)習(xí)

安裝Appium

  1. 安裝命令

    • npm install -g appium

  2. 安裝完成后，在cmd中輸入appium,如果看到

    [Appium] 歡迎來到 Appium vx.x.x

    說明安裝成功

安裝驅(qū)動(dòng)

  1. 查看可安裝的驅(qū)動(dòng)

    cmd中輸入appium driver list

    appium_driver_list.png

  1. 安裝各驅(qū)動(dòng)

    • 安裝uiautomator2

      cmd中輸入appium driver install uiautomator2

    • 安裝xcuitest

      cmd中輸入appium driver install xcuitest

    • 針對(duì)flutter安裝

      cmd中輸入appium driver install --source=npm appium-flutter-driver

      或者本地安裝，

      cmd中輸入appium driver install --source local /path/to/appium-flutter-driver/driver

    appium_driver_install.png

Appium Inspector

地址配置

Remote Host：127.0.0.1
Remote Port：4723

IPhone配置參數(shù)

{
  "platformName": "ios",
  "appium:automationName": "Flutter",
  "appium:bundleId": "cn.com.ShuShiKeJi.pd",
  "appium:platformVersion": "18.3.1",
  "appium:noReset": true,
  "appium:deviceName": "iPhone",
  "appium:webDriverAgentUrl": "http://localhost:8100",
  "appium:usePrebuiltWDA": false,
  "appium:useXctestrunFile": false,
  "appium:skipLogCapture": true,
  "appium:udid": "00008101-000849813698001E"
}

安卓配置參數(shù)

{
  "platformName": "Android",
  "appium:platformVersion": "15",
  "appium:deviceName": "1C021FDEE00847",
  "appium:automationName": "uiautomator2",
  "appium:appPackage": "com.reality3.realitythird",
  "appium:noReset": false,
  "appium:appActivity": "com.reality3.realitythird.global.global.MainActivity"
}

Appium-Python-Client

封裝類中的驅(qū)動(dòng)對(duì)象生成

from appium.options.ios.xcuitest.base import XCUITestOptions
from appium.options.android.uiautomator2.base import UiAutomator2Options
from appium import webdriver
from thirdReality import caps, logger

class uiAppiumControl:
    def __init__(self):
        """類初始化

        Args:
            deviceid (_type_): 設(shè)備序列號(hào)，IOS是UDID，Android是mac地址
        """
        self.driver: webdriver.Remote
        self.setup()

    @staticmethod
    def createIOSDriver():
        """創(chuàng)建IOS驅(qū)動(dòng)options

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        options = XCUITestOptions().load_capabilities(dict(caps))
        return options

    @staticmethod
    def createAndroidDriver():
        """創(chuàng)建安卓驅(qū)動(dòng)options

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        options = UiAutomator2Options().load_capabilities(dict(caps))
        return options

    def setup(self):
        """創(chuàng)建驅(qū)動(dòng)對(duì)象

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        if os_plat == "Android":
            options = uiAppiumControl.createAndroidDriver()
        elif os_plat == "IOS":
            options = uiAppiumControl.createIOSDriver()
        connect_caps = caps
        logger.debug(f"connect_caps: {connect_caps}")
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723", options=options,keep_alive=False)
        logger.debug(f"self.driver: {self.driver}")

  • 補(bǔ)充：

    1. thirdReality/__init__.py中的caps定義
    if os_plat == "Android":
    caps = {
        "platformName": "Android",
        "platformVersion": androidPhone.platform_version,
        "deviceName": androidPhone.device_id,
        "automationName": "uiautomator2",
        "appPackage": androidPhone.thirdreality_package_name,
        "noReset": True,
        "appActivity": androidPhone.thirdrealtiy_activity,
    }

else:
    caps = {
        "platformName": "iOS",
        "platformVersion": iosPhone.platform_version,
        "automationName": "XCUITest",
        "bundleId": iosPhone.thirdreality_package_name,
        "noReset": True,
        "webDriverAgentUrl": "http://localhost:8100",
        "usePrebuiltWDA": False,
        "useXctestrunFile": False,
        "skipLogCapture": True,
        "udid": iosPhone.device_id,
    }

查找元素

find_element

self.uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,"Privacy Policy")

  • AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID是查詢的方式，其他的方式包括

    IOS_PREDICATE = '-ios predicate string'
IOS_CLASS_CHAIN = '-ios class chain'
ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR = '-android uiautomator'
ANDROID_VIEWTAG = '-android viewtag'
ANDROID_DATA_MATCHER = '-android datamatcher'
ANDROID_VIEW_MATCHER = '-android viewmatcher'
ACCESSIBILITY_ID = 'accessibility id'
IMAGE = '-image'
CUSTOM = '-custom'

# For Flutter integration usage https://github.com/AppiumTestDistribution/appium-flutter-integration-driver/tree/main
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_SEMANTICS_LABEL = '-flutter semantics label'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TYPE = '-flutter type'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_KEY = '-flutter key'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TEXT = '-flutter text'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TEXT_CONTAINING = '-flutter text containing'

  • "Privacy Policy"為需要查詢的元素內(nèi)容

xpath

模糊查詢

  • contains定位方法：用以獲取包含符合要求內(nèi)容的元素

    uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,'//*[contains(@content-desc,"Sign Up")]').click()

  • starts-with定位方法：用以獲取開頭內(nèi)容符合要求的元素

    driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//XCUIElementTypeButton[starts-with(@name,"Settings")]')

兄弟定位

由弟弟節(jié)點(diǎn)推出哥哥節(jié)點(diǎn)

  • 通過父節(jié)點(diǎn)獲取其大哥節(jié)點(diǎn)

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='二哥節(jié)點(diǎn)']/../div[1]").text

  • preceding-sibling

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='二哥節(jié)點(diǎn)']/preceding-sibling::div[1]").text
由哥哥節(jié)點(diǎn)推出弟弟節(jié)點(diǎn)

  • xpath，通過父節(jié)點(diǎn)獲取其弟弟節(jié)點(diǎn)

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='二哥節(jié)點(diǎn)']/../div[3]").text

  • following-sibling

    driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,'//*[contains(@content-desc,"Sign Up")]/following-sibling::android.widget.CheckBox').click()

  • Xpath軸 following

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='二哥節(jié)點(diǎn)']/following::*").text

父子定位

  • xpath定位: .代表當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn); '..'代表父節(jié)點(diǎn)

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='子節(jié)點(diǎn)']/../..").text

    • <font color=red>通過find_elements從父節(jié)點(diǎn)獲取所有指定的子節(jié)點(diǎn)，并通過下標(biāo)操作子節(jié)點(diǎn)</font>

      uac.driver.find_elements(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//android.view.View[@content-desc="Sign In"]/../android.widget.EditText')[0].click()
uac.driver.find_elements(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//android.view.View[@content-desc="Sign In"]/../android.widget.EditText')[1].click()

  • parent

    driver.find_element_by_xpath("http://div[@id='子節(jié)點(diǎn)']/parent::*/parent::div").text

點(diǎn)擊

通過元素點(diǎn)擊

self.uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,"Privacy Policy").click()

通過坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊

指定范圍點(diǎn)擊

driver.tap([(x1, y1), (x2, y2)], duration)
  • [(x1, y1), (x2, y2)]：坐標(biāo)范圍
  • duration：持續(xù)時(shí)間，單位是毫秒，默認(rèn)為None，可以省略

制定坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊

driver.tap([(x1, y1)], duration)
  • [(x1, y1)]：坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)
  • duration：持續(xù)時(shí)間，單位是毫秒，默認(rèn)為None，可以省略

問題解決

1. 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'to_capabilities'

  • 問題描述：運(yùn)行代碼self.dev = webdriver.Remote(connect_url,connect_caps)時(shí)，報(bào)<font color=red>AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'to_capabilities'</font>的錯(cuò)誤
  • 問題分析：由于python的appium包使用是基于selenium的， 而當(dāng)我們安裝了最新版的selenium和最新版的appium3.0.0， 就會(huì)導(dǎo)致版本沖突問題
  • 解決方案：
    1. 卸載selenium和appium： pip uninstall selenium appium-python-client
    2. 安裝制定的2.0版本appium：pip install appium-python-client==2.0
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