第二章作者暫時把講刻意練習放一邊，讓我們先了解我們大腦的秘密。兩個實驗，分別說明大腦結構和功能是可以改變的。我們有無限潛能的大腦。
Part1 概述：
We already know enough to have a clear idea of how purposeful practice and deliberate practice work to increase both our physical and mental capabilities and make it possible to do things that we never could before.
作者觀點：
腦組織和肌肉組織一樣是可以通過訓練的改變的。
一般性錯誤觀點：
成年后，在腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡形成定式。
The general belief was that once a person reached adulthood, the wiring of his or her brain was pretty much fixed.
有越來越多的證據(jù)表明，不同的腦力訓練會引起大腦結構和功能的變化，跟身體的肌肉訓練和心肺訓練類似。哇，聽起來很有趣。作者用兩個實驗，分別說明不同的腦力訓練對大腦結構或功能的變化：
1. 實驗一：結構改變
倫敦的cabbie 牛逼閃閃吧，人肉gps, 內(nèi)嵌google map, 超級牛逼的記憶和處理能力。
大腦結構變化：大腦的海馬體hippocampus組織跟你的記憶力有關，所以牛閃閃的倫墩出租車司機在長年的腦力訓練后，海馬體的后部組織變大了。
The posterior hippocampi of the taxi drivers are equally “bulked up,” but with brain tissue, not muscle fiber.
改變：擁有超級牛逼的記憶和處理能力
Half or more of the prospective drivers end up dropping out, but those who stay with it and earn their licenses have internalized London to a degree that Google Maps, with its satellite images, camera cars, and unfathomable memory and processing power, can only vaguely approximate.
2. 實驗二：功能改變
盲人讀盲文的實驗
大腦功能變化：
visual cortex視表層
正常視力的人，看東西時會刺激visual cortex視表層，而讀盲文的盲人的視表層會被什么刺激？是指尖的觸覺
實驗結論：
“These studies of brain plasticity in blind subjects—and similar studies in deaf subjects—tell us that the brain’s structure and function are not fixed. They change in response to use. It is possible to shape the brain—your brain, my brain, anybody’s brain—in the ways that we desire through conscious, deliberate training.”
If you practice something enough, your brain will repurpose neurons to help with the task even if they already have another job to do.
大腦的結構和功能不是固定的，足夠練習，你的大腦會重新塑造神經(jīng)元以便幫助你完全這項任務。
Part 2 詞和表達
1. squiggle
原文：They curve and they squiggle.
curve和squiggle同義，在一起用很朗朗上口。
squiggle蜿蜒 curve彎曲
2. convoluted
原文：...with the endpoints becoming more obscure and the routes longer, more complicated, and more convoluted.
費解的;復雜難懂的；If you describe a sentence, idea, or system as convoluted, you mean that it is complicated and difficult to understand
跟complicated同義
仿：I am always confused by convoluted policies on life insurance.
3. light up
原文：In people with normal sight, the visual cortex would light up in response to input from the eyes...
light up 這個詞組我們很熟悉，有點亮的思意，在這個句子里應該理解為刺激
4. boon
原文：The consequences are a boon for optometrists and opticians and a bother for the over-fifty crowd, nearly all of whom need glasses to read or perform close-up work.”
boon:給生活帶來方便的事物；You can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.
It could be a boon to farms reducing the taxes.
Part3 感悟
老花眼的例子挺有趣，練習改變的不是你的視力，是你的腦組織，改變的是你對圖象的識別能力。我以前有一本書，叫《12周摘掉你的眼鏡》，是買書送的，一直認為這個不科學，看來可以找來翻一翻，看來看有沒有類似的觀點在里面。
另外，這周本來打算每一章寫一篇筆記，結果看到群里的筆記熱火朝天，那就有時間就多些一篇吧。
