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OKHttp（一）之Calls

OKHttp（二）之Connections

OkHttp（三）之使用方法

OkHttp（四）之?dāng)r截器

一些使用方法:

同步方法Get:

下載一個(gè)文件，打印它的頭信息，打印響應(yīng)體。

response.body的string()方法用來(lái)輸出小型文檔非常方便并且效率非常高。但是假如response.body大于1M，應(yīng)該避免使用string()方法，因?yàn)樗鼘?huì)將整個(gè)文檔加載到內(nèi)存中。此時(shí)使用流更好。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
    for (int i = 0; i < responseHeaders.size(); i++) {
      System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
    }

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

異步Get方法

在工作線程上下載文件，并在響應(yīng)可讀時(shí)調(diào)用毀掉方法。回調(diào)在響應(yīng)頭準(zhǔn)備好之后進(jìn)行。讀取響應(yīng)體可能仍會(huì)阻塞線程。 OkHttp目前不提供異步API來(lái)接收部分響應(yīng)體。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }

      @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

        Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
        for (int i = 0, size = responseHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
          System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
        }

        System.out.println(response.body().string());
      }
    });
  }

訪問(wèn)頭

通常HTTP的頭信息類似于Map <String，String>：每個(gè)字段有一個(gè)值或?yàn)榭铡?但一些頭允許多個(gè)值，如Guava的Multimap。例如，HTTP響應(yīng)提供多個(gè)Vary頭是合法且常見的。
在寫入請(qǐng)求標(biāo)頭時(shí)，使用header（name，value）將替換頭信息。如果有現(xiàn)有值，則在添加新值之前將刪除它們。使用addHeader（name，value）添加頭，而不刪除已經(jīng)存在的頭。

讀取響應(yīng)頭時(shí)，使用header(name)返回最后一次的值。如果沒(méi)有值，header（name）將返回null。要將所有字段的值作為列表讀取，請(qǐng)使用headers(name)。

要訪問(wèn)所有頭，請(qǐng)使用支持通過(guò)索引訪問(wèn)的Headers類。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues")
        .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println("Server: " + response.header("Server"));
    System.out.println("Date: " + response.header("Date"));
    System.out.println("Vary: " + response.headers("Vary"));
  }

Post方法傳入字符串

使用HTTP POST將請(qǐng)求正文發(fā)送到服務(wù)器。此示例將markdown文檔發(fā)布到能將markdown轉(zhuǎn)換為HTML的Web服務(wù)器。由于整個(gè)請(qǐng)求主體都在內(nèi)存中，因此請(qǐng)避免使用此API發(fā)布大（大于1個(gè)MiB）文檔。

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    String postBody = ""
        + "Releases\n"
        + "--------\n"
        + "\n"
        + " * _1.0_ May 6, 2013\n"
        + " * _1.1_ June 15, 2013\n"
        + " * _1.2_ August 11, 2013\n";

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, postBody))
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

Post發(fā)送流

這里使用POST方法以流的方式發(fā)送請(qǐng)求。請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容將會(huì)一邊生成一邊寫入。此示例直接流入Okio緩沖接收器。你可能更喜歡OutputStream，您可以從BufferedSink.outputStream（）獲取。

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody() {
      @Override public MediaType contentType() {
        return MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN;
      }

      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
        sink.writeUtf8("Numbers\n");
        sink.writeUtf8("-------\n");
        for (int i = 2; i <= 997; i++) {
          sink.writeUtf8(String.format(" * %s = %s\n", i, factor(i)));
        }
      }

      private String factor(int n) {
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
          int x = n / i;
          if (x * i == n) return factor(x) + " × " + i;
        }
        return Integer.toString(n);
      }
    };

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(requestBody)
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

Post一個(gè)文件

直接看代碼：

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    File file = new File("README.md");

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, file))
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

Post form表單

使用FormBody.Builder構(gòu)建一個(gè)類似于HTML <form>標(biāo)簽的請(qǐng)求體。名稱和值將使用HTML兼容的表單URL編碼進(jìn)行編碼。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    RequestBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder()
        .add("search", "Jurassic Park")
        .build();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php")
        .post(formBody)
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

Post復(fù)雜體請(qǐng)求

MultipartBody.Builder可以構(gòu)建與HTML文件上傳表單兼容的復(fù)雜請(qǐng)求體。大部分請(qǐng)求正文的每個(gè)部分本身都是請(qǐng)求正文，并且可以定義其自己的頭。這些頭信息應(yīng)描述內(nèi)容主體，例如其Content-Disposition。如果Content-Length和Content-Type的header可用，則會(huì)自動(dòng)添加。

private static final String IMGUR_CLIENT_ID = "...";
  private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_PNG = MediaType.parse("image/png");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    // Use the imgur image upload API as documented at https://api.imgur.com/endpoints/image
    RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
        .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
        .addFormDataPart("title", "Square Logo")
        .addFormDataPart("image", "logo-square.png",
            RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_PNG, new File("website/static/logo-square.png")))
        .build();

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .header("Authorization", "Client-ID " + IMGUR_CLIENT_ID)
        .url("https://api.imgur.com/3/image")
        .post(requestBody)
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

使用Gson解析JSON響應(yīng)體

Gson是一個(gè)很方便的API，用于在JSON和Java對(duì)象之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。這里我們使用它來(lái)解碼來(lái)自GitHub API的JSON響應(yīng)。

請(qǐng)注意，ResponseBody.charStream（）使用Content-Type響應(yīng)頭來(lái)選擇在解碼響應(yīng)正文時(shí)要使用的字符集。如果沒(méi)有指定字符集，它默認(rèn)為UTF-8。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
  private final Gson gson = new Gson();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/gists/c2a7c39532239ff261be")
        .build();
    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    Gist gist = gson.fromJson(response.body().charStream(), Gist.class);
    for (Map.Entry<String, GistFile> entry : gist.files.entrySet()) {
      System.out.println(entry.getKey());
      System.out.println(entry.getValue().content);
    }
  }

  static class Gist {
    Map<String, GistFile> files;
  }

  static class GistFile {
    String content;
  }

緩存響應(yīng)

你需要為響應(yīng)緩存設(shè)置一個(gè)你自己能夠讀寫的目錄，并且為這個(gè)緩存設(shè)定大小。緩存目錄必須是私有的，不被信任的程序不能訪問(wèn)這個(gè)目錄。

不能使用多個(gè)緩存同時(shí)訪問(wèn)同意緩存目錄。大多數(shù)應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)該只調(diào)用OkHttpClient()一次（就是只創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例），否則多個(gè)實(shí)例會(huì)導(dǎo)致程序崩潰，破壞緩存文件。

響應(yīng)緩存對(duì)所有配置使用HTTP頭。您可以添加請(qǐng)求頭，如Cache-Control：max-stale = 3600，OkHttp的緩存會(huì)使用這些配置。你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器會(huì)配置響應(yīng)緩存持續(xù)時(shí)間的響應(yīng)頭，如Cache-Control：max-age = 9600。緩存頭強(qiáng)制緩存響應(yīng)，強(qiáng)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)響應(yīng)，或強(qiáng)制使用條件GET驗(yàn)證網(wǎng)絡(luò)響應(yīng)。

private final OkHttpClient client;

  public CacheResponse(File cacheDirectory) throws Exception {
    int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
    Cache cache = new Cache(cacheDirectory, cacheSize);

    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .cache(cache)
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

    String response1Body = response1.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 1 response:          " + response1);
    System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:    " + response1.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 1 network response:  " + response1.networkResponse());

    Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

    String response2Body = response2.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 2 response:          " + response2);
    System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:    " + response2.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 2 network response:  " + response2.networkResponse());

    System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));
  }

要防止響應(yīng)使用緩存，請(qǐng)使用CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK。為了防止它使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)，請(qǐng)使用CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE。

Note
：如果使用FORCE_CACHE并且響應(yīng)需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)，OkHttp將返回504 Unsatisfiable Request響應(yīng)。

取消請(qǐng)求

使用Call.cancel()方法來(lái)立即他停止一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的請(qǐng)求。如果一個(gè)線程正在寫入一個(gè)請(qǐng)求或者讀取一個(gè)響應(yīng)，程序?qū)?huì)拋出IOException異常。使用此選項(xiàng)可在不再需要call時(shí)節(jié)約網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。例如當(dāng)您的用戶導(dǎo)航離開應(yīng)用程序時(shí)，同步和異步調(diào)用都可以取消。

 private final ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
        .build();

    final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
    final Call call = client.newCall(request);

    // Schedule a job to cancel the call in 1 second.
    executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
      @Override public void run() {
        System.out.printf("%.2f Canceling call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
        call.cancel();
        System.out.printf("%.2f Canceled call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
      }
    }, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    try {
      System.out.printf("%.2f Executing call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
      Response response = call.execute();
      System.out.printf("%.2f Call was expected to fail, but completed: %s%n",
          (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.printf("%.2f Call failed as expected: %s%n",
          (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, e);
    }
  }

連接超時(shí)

當(dāng)連接不可達(dá)時(shí)使用timeouts來(lái)使一個(gè)請(qǐng)求失敗。連接問(wèn)題，服務(wù)器問(wèn)題或者其他都可能導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接失敗，OhHttp支持連接超時(shí)，讀超時(shí)和寫超時(shí)。

private final OkHttpClient client;

  public ConfigureTimeouts() throws Exception {
    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    System.out.println("Response completed: " + response);
  }

單獨(dú)配置

所有HTTP客戶端配置都存在于OkHttpClient中，包括代理設(shè)置，超時(shí)和緩存。當(dāng)您需要更改單個(gè)調(diào)用的配置時(shí)，請(qǐng)調(diào)用OkHttpClient.newBuilder（）。這將返回與原始客戶端共享的相同連接池，調(diào)度程序和配置的構(gòu)建器。在下面的示例中，我們使用500毫秒超時(shí)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)請(qǐng)求，另一個(gè)請(qǐng)求使用3000毫秒超時(shí)。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/1") // This URL is served with a 1 second delay.
        .build();

    try {
      // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
      OkHttpClient copy = client.newBuilder()
          .readTimeout(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
          .build();

      Response response = copy.newCall(request).execute();
      System.out.println("Response 1 succeeded: " + response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Response 1 failed: " + e);
    }

    try {
      // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
      OkHttpClient copy = client.newBuilder()
          .readTimeout(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
          .build();

      Response response = copy.newCall(request).execute();
      System.out.println("Response 2 succeeded: " + response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Response 2 failed: " + e);
    }
  }

傳遞認(rèn)證信息

OkHttp可以自動(dòng)重試未經(jīng)身份驗(yàn)證的請(qǐng)求。當(dāng)響應(yīng)為401 Not Authorized，將要求Authenticator提供憑據(jù)。應(yīng)構(gòu)建新請(qǐng)求包含憑證，如果沒(méi)有可用的憑據(jù)，則返回null以跳過(guò)重試。

使用Response.challenges（）獲取任何身份驗(yàn)證的方案和領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)完成基本挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，使用Credentials.basic（username，password）對(duì)請(qǐng)求標(biāo)頭進(jìn)行編碼。

private final OkHttpClient client;

  public Authenticate() {
    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .authenticator(new Authenticator() {
          @Override public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException {
            System.out.println("Authenticating for response: " + response);
            System.out.println("Challenges: " + response.challenges());
            String credential = Credentials.basic("jesse", "password1");
            return response.request().newBuilder()
                .header("Authorization", credential)
                .build();
          }
        })
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/secrets/hellosecret.txt")
        .build();

    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
  }

你可以返回空值來(lái)放棄一個(gè)認(rèn)證不通過(guò)的請(qǐng)求，避免多次重復(fù)本請(qǐng)求。例如，你可能想要跳過(guò)那些已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)的請(qǐng)求。

if (credential.equals(response.request().header("Authorization"))) {
    return null; // If we already failed with these credentials, don't retry.
   }

你也可以跳過(guò)服務(wù)器拒絕的請(qǐng)求：

if (responseCount(response) >= 3) {
    return null; // If we've failed 3 times, give up.
  }

下面是responseCount()方法：

private int responseCount(Response response) {
    int result = 1;
    while ((response = response.priorResponse()) != null) {
      result++;
    }
    return result;
  }

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OkHttp（三）之使用方法

OkHttp（三）之使用方法

同步方法Get:

異步Get方法

訪問(wèn)頭

Post方法傳入字符串

Post發(fā)送流

Post一個(gè)文件

Post form表單

Post復(fù)雜體請(qǐng)求

使用Gson解析JSON響應(yīng)體

緩存響應(yīng)

取消請(qǐng)求

連接超時(shí)

單獨(dú)配置

傳遞認(rèn)證信息

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

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OkHttp（三）之使用方法

同步方法Get:

異步Get方法

訪問(wèn)頭

Post方法傳入字符串

Post發(fā)送流

Post一個(gè)文件

Post form表單

Post復(fù)雜體請(qǐng)求

使用Gson解析JSON響應(yīng)體

緩存響應(yīng)

取消請(qǐng)求

連接超時(shí)

單獨(dú)配置

傳遞認(rèn)證信息

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