今日導(dǎo)讀

“摸魚(yú)”，指的是在上班的時(shí)候偷偷摸摸干和工作無(wú)關(guān)的事情。有時(shí)“摸魚(yú)”是死線(xiàn)就在眼前，依然不知悔改地走神；有時(shí)“摸魚(yú)”是無(wú)所事事，毫無(wú)靈魂坐等下班的“坦然”。時(shí)至今日，上班“摸魚(yú)”更是被上班族賦予了越來(lái)越多理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)恼嬉饬x。作為員工，我們?yōu)楹卧絹?lái)越喜歡上班“摸魚(yú)”了？作為管理者，又應(yīng)該如何理解員工上班“摸魚(yú)”的行為？讓我們一起來(lái)看一下《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》的這篇文章。

新聞原文

The joy of absence

 The Economist

Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.

But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Presenteeism is the curse of the modern office worker.

There will be days when you do not have much to do; perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.

Some of this may be a self-perpetuating cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their underlings, and underlings fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped.

The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you toil to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook or clipboard and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.

But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most prevalent in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves, nor their employers, any favours.

Turning an office into a prison, with inmates allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.

帶著問(wèn)題聽(tīng)講解

如何理解“Presenteeism is the curse of the modern office worker.”這句話(huà)？

短語(yǔ)“in the flesh”是什么意思？

如何科學(xué)地提高工作效率？

新聞?wù)?/h3>

The joy of absence

上班摸魚(yú)（開(kāi)小差）的樂(lè)趣

Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.

研究表明，在一周工作 50 小時(shí)后，員工工作效率會(huì)急劇下降。

But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Presenteeism is the curse of the modern office worker.

但這并未阻止一些管理人員要求員工們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間牢牢坐在他們的位置上。出勤主義可謂現(xiàn)代上班族的禍患之源。

There will be days when you do not have much to do; perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.

總有些時(shí)候你并沒(méi)有許多事情要做，也許是因?yàn)槟阏诘却硞€(gè)其他部門(mén)或其他公司的人來(lái)對(duì)某項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求作出回復(fù)?？赡隳芸吹侥愕睦习逶谂ぷ?，而且，更重要的是，他們也能看到你。于是你努力讓自己顯得忙碌。

Some of this may be a self-perpetuating cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their underlings, and underlings fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped.

有時(shí)這種努力可能會(huì)帶來(lái)一個(gè)永無(wú)休止的循環(huán)。如若老板們不喜歡比下屬早回家，下屬們也不敢先老板一步離開(kāi)，那么每個(gè)人都被困在那兒了。

The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you toil to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook or clipboard and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.

其后果通常是無(wú)用功。你千辛萬(wàn)苦地讓老板們認(rèn)為你在努力工作，而非真正地努力工作。在椅背上留下一件夾克，煞有介事地拿著筆記本或者寫(xiě)字板四處奔走，以及在非工作時(shí)間發(fā)送郵件，這是三個(gè)最有名的伎倆了。長(zhǎng)此以往，它就會(huì)導(dǎo)致集體性的自我錯(cuò)覺(jué)，認(rèn)為這種偽裝就是真正的工作。

But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most prevalent in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves, nor their employers, any favours.

然而出勤主義還會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的后果。這種情況在日本也許最為普遍，在那里員工們甚至在自己不舒服的情況下還照常上班。而他們這樣做，既對(duì)自己無(wú)益，又沒(méi)給雇主帶來(lái)什么好處。

Turning an office into a prison, with inmates allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.

把辦公室變成監(jiān)獄，在晚上放“犯人”回家，對(duì)創(chuàng)造力毫無(wú)益處，而由于現(xiàn)在的常規(guī)工作高度自動(dòng)化，創(chuàng)造力對(duì)于辦公室員工來(lái)說(shuō)變得越來(lái)越不可或缺。想要高效辦公，你需要保持思想在線(xiàn)，而非肉體出勤。

重點(diǎn)詞匯

productivity
/?prɑ?d?k?t?v?ti/
n. 工作效率，生產(chǎn)率
詞性拓展：productive（adj. 富有生產(chǎn)力的）
例句：His productivity is the highest.
productive 例句：He is the most productiveemployee.

chain
/t?e?n/
v. 用鏈子捆住，把…栓起來(lái)
例句：I chained my bike to the railings.
搭配短語(yǔ)：A stays chained to B
搭配短語(yǔ)：A is chained to B

presenteeism
/?prezn?ti??z?m/
n. 全勤主義（指為討好老板不請(qǐng)病假、不休假的行為）
相關(guān)詞匯：present（adj. 在場(chǎng)的，出席的）
詞根詞綴：-ism（主義）
文化補(bǔ)充：At work but out of it.

curse
/k??rs/
n. 禍因，禍根
英文釋義：a cause of harm and misery
例句：Noise is the curse of modern city life.

self-perpetuating
/?self p?r?pet?ue?t??/
adj. 自我持續(xù)的
相關(guān)詞匯：self（自己本身）；perpetuate（使某事延續(xù)、延長(zhǎng)）
例句：Revenge leads to a self-perpetuatingcycle of violence.

underling
/??nd?rl??/
n. 下屬，部下
詞根詞綴：-ling（?。?/p>

toil
/t??l/
v. 辛勤勞動(dòng)
搭配短語(yǔ)：toil away（忙個(gè)不停）

self-delusion
/?self d??lu??n/
n. 自我錯(cuò)覺(jué)，自欺欺人
相關(guān)詞匯：self（自我）；delusion（欺騙）

prevalent
/?prev?l?nt/
adj. 普遍的；盛行的
詞義辨析
prevalent, popular
prevalent 通常不拿來(lái)修飾人。
例句：The disease is prevalent.（某種疾病傳播性很強(qiáng)）
搭配短語(yǔ)：the social ills prevalent in society today（社會(huì)上的不良風(fēng)氣很普遍）

inmate
/??nme?t/
n.（機(jī)構(gòu)）入住者, 居住者（如監(jiān)獄犯人）
例句：He is a former prison inmate.

automate
/???t?me?t/
v. 使自動(dòng)化
搭配短語(yǔ)：a fully automated process（全自動(dòng)化流程）

in the flesh
以肉體形式；本人，親自

拓展閱讀

劉慈欣的上班“摸魚(yú)”

劉慈欣近幾年憑借《三體》和《流浪地球》一躍成為國(guó)內(nèi)最知名的科幻小說(shuō)家。可你知道嗎？他的小說(shuō)，很大一部分都是在上班“摸魚(yú)”時(shí)寫(xiě)出的，其中就包括了《流浪地球》和《三體》的前兩部。

當(dāng)時(shí)，劉慈欣在電力系統(tǒng)上班，職位比較清閑，他便利用起了上班的時(shí)間來(lái)寫(xiě)作。他甚至說(shuō)道：“在崗位上寫(xiě)作，有一種占便宜的感覺(jué)?！彼€分享了“摸魚(yú)”的套路，表示特別喜歡那種質(zhì)量很差的液晶屏，因?yàn)檫@樣只要稍微轉(zhuǎn)個(gè)角度，別人就完全看不見(jiàn)你在屏幕上打什么字了。

當(dāng)然，劉慈欣也說(shuō)了，因?yàn)楣ぷ鲀?nèi)容的特殊性，他才能這樣寫(xiě)作。他當(dāng)時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)的是處理系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)的故障，也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行正常時(shí)，他其實(shí)只能在那里干坐著。于是他就用這些空閑的時(shí)間開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作。劉慈欣還在采訪(fǎng)中強(qiáng)調(diào)了，他并沒(méi)有耽誤本職工作。

什么時(shí)間段的工作效率最高？

著名項(xiàng)目管理軟件 Redbooth 與數(shù)據(jù)分析公司 Priceonomics 合作研究了 180 萬(wàn)個(gè)項(xiàng)目和其中產(chǎn)生的 2800 萬(wàn)個(gè)任務(wù)之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了 4 條規(guī)律：

1、一天之中，我們的工作效率會(huì)在上午 11 點(diǎn)左右達(dá)到峰值，午飯之后工作效率開(kāi)始緩慢下降，而到了下午 4 點(diǎn)之后，工作效率會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出跳水式的下降。

2、每周周一，我們的工作效率是最高的，之后每日完成的工作量逐日遞減，到了周五的時(shí)候會(huì)達(dá)到最低點(diǎn)，平均只能完成每周工作總量的 16.7%。

3、從月份上來(lái)看，9、10、11 月都是效率很高的月份，其中，10 月份能完成全年總?cè)蝿?wù)的 9.5%，是效率最高的月份；而寒冷的 1 月，僅能完成 7.2%的工作量，是全年效率最差的月份。

4、從季節(jié)上來(lái)看，氣候舒適的秋季是工作效率最高的季節(jié)，而寒冬則是效率最低的季節(jié)，不過(guò)這也和冬季的假期最多有關(guān)。