英國(guó)哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家羅素對(duì)捍衛(wèi)世界和平有著極大的熱情，但同時(shí)，在怒斥英國(guó)法西斯聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)始人 Sir Oswald Mosley 時(shí)卻又不失紳士風(fēng)度。簡(jiǎn)短的一封信便既優(yōu)雅又克制地訓(xùn)斥了對(duì)方，想知道羅素是怎樣表達(dá)絕交的嗎？快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)下吧！
▍背景介紹：
伯特蘭·羅素（Bertrand Russell，1872年 - 1970年），英國(guó)哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家、文學(xué)家，分析哲學(xué)的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)始人。作為哲學(xué)家，他寫(xiě)成的《西方哲學(xué)史》一書(shū)膾炙人口；作為數(shù)學(xué)家，他發(fā)現(xiàn)的“羅素悖論”引發(fā)了20世紀(jì)初的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)危機(jī)，他在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的巨著《數(shù)學(xué)原理》成為了里程碑式的著作。除此之外，羅素?zé)釔?ài)和平，反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，是世界和平運(yùn)動(dòng)的倡導(dǎo)者和組織者。
羅素的著作《西方哲學(xué)史》，全書(shū)共3卷，全面地介紹了從古希臘羅馬時(shí)期到20世紀(jì)中葉四方哲學(xué)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。
Sir Oswald Mosley，英國(guó)極右翼政治家，組織創(chuàng)立英國(guó)法西斯聯(lián)盟。2006年被 BBC 評(píng)為“20世紀(jì)最可惡的英國(guó)人”。
▍書(shū)信原文
Dear Sir Oswald,
Thank you for your letter and for your enclosures. I have given some thought to our recent correspondence. It is always difficult to decide on how to respond to people whose ethos is so alien and, in fact, repellent to one's own.
亞里士多德提出了屬于技術(shù)范圍的三種基本說(shuō)服方式：ethos: 道德上的說(shuō)服；pathos: 情感上的說(shuō)服（empathy: adj. 感同身受；同感 pathetic: adj. 可憐的，悲哀的）；logos: n. 理性；理法（邏輯上的說(shuō)服）
It is not that I take exception to the general points made by you but that every ounce of my energy has been devoted to an active opposition to cruel bigotry, compulsive violence, and the sadistic persecution which has characterised the philosophy and practice of fascism.
I feel obliged to say that the emotional universes we inhabit are so distinct, and in deepest ways opposed, that nothing fruitful or sincere could ever emerge from association between us.
I should like you to understand the intensity of this conviction on my part. It is not out of any attempt to be rude that I say this but because of all that I value in human experience and human achievement.
Yours sincerely,
Bertrand Russell
▍語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
enclosure: n. 附件
give some thought to: 思考…… （think about sth. / reflect on sth.）
correspondence: n. 互通信件（be in correspondence with somebody）
ethos: n. 道德觀；精神氣質(zhì)（ethos is a Greek word originally meaning "accustomed place" and habitat. ）
ethic: n. 道德準(zhǔn)則
alien: adj. 完全不同的
repellent: adj. 排斥的；截然相反的
take exception to: be angry or upset because of something
ounce: n. 盎司（英制計(jì)量單位，既是重量單位又是容量單位，符號(hào)為 ounce 或 oz ）
every ounce of: 每一點(diǎn)（There's not an ounce of truth in what he says.）
be obliged to do: 有義務(wù)做……
inhabit: vt. 棲息；居住
intensity: n. 強(qiáng)度
conviction: n. 堅(jiān)定的信念
be out of attempt to do: 出于……的企圖和原因
▍補(bǔ)充
"War was always a great evil, but in some particularly extreme circumstances, it may be the lesser of two evils."? (Bertrand Russell)
the lesser of two evils: 兩害相權(quán)取其輕
His varied and significant writings, in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.
Sir Oswald Mosley: 奧斯瓦爾德·莫斯利爵士是一名英國(guó)極右翼政治家，因組織創(chuàng)立英國(guó)法西斯聯(lián)盟（British Fascist Union）而出名。
《羅素自傳》的序言《我為什么而活著》中提到人生中最重要的三種熱情：
the longing for love 對(duì)愛(ài)的追求；
the search for knowledge 對(duì)知識(shí)的探索；
and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind 對(duì)人類(lèi)痛苦難以忘懷的憐憫之心。
