16.5-Selecting an Issue-Simple Issue-Juvenlie Crime

樣品問題-青少年犯罪

For much of this century, juvenile criminals hava been accorded special threatment in the courts. Because the emphasis was on rehabilitating rather than punishing them.
（在本世紀(jì)的大部分時(shí)間里，青少年犯罪在法院里被寄予特殊對(duì)待。因?yàn)橹攸c(diǎn)是修正而不是懲罰他們。）

one phenomenon - In recent years, however, the public has become dissatisfied with that system. Many people are demanding that juveniles who have committed criminal acts be treated as criminals, regradless of their age.
（一個(gè)現(xiàn)象 - 然而，近年來，公眾對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)變得不滿意了，很多人強(qiáng)烈要求實(shí)施犯罪行為的青少年應(yīng)該被當(dāng)做罪犯對(duì)待，不管他們的年齡。*）

qustion - THe broad issue is usually expressed in these terms: Should juvenile criminals be treated the same as adult criminals? This broad issue has a number of aspects:
（問題-廣泛的問題常常被表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：青少年罪犯應(yīng)該受到和成人罪犯一樣的對(duì)待嗎？ 這些廣泛的問題有以下幾個(gè)方面：）

• Causes of juvenile crime - Are juvenile delinguents alone responsible for their criminality? Are parents and others in society(makers of violent films, for example) also responsible? If other are responsible, should the law get tough with them? How?
  青少年犯罪的原因 - 青少年對(duì)他們的犯罪行為單獨(dú)負(fù)責(zé)嗎？他們的父母或社會(huì)中的其他人（例如暴力電影的制造者）也要負(fù)責(zé)？如果其他人需要負(fù)責(zé)，法律應(yīng)該嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待他們嗎？如何對(duì)待呢？

• The age of responsibility - Is it reasonable or fair to hold people responsible for their actions before they are old enough to understand the moral and legal quality of these actions? At waht age does a person reach such understanding?
  年齡的責(zé)任 - 在他們還沒到足夠年齡去了解這些犯罪行為的道德和法律性質(zhì)之前，讓他們對(duì)這些行為負(fù)責(zé)是合理的或者公平的嗎？

• Similarities or differences betweens juveniles and adults - Is it reasonable to hold a fourteen-year-old( or a sixteen - or eighteen-year-old) as accountable as a twenty-one-or thirty-year-old?
  在青少年和成人之間相同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn) - 讓一個(gè)十四歲（或十六歲、十八歲）和一個(gè)二十一歲或三十歲負(fù)有同樣責(zé)任，合理嗎？

• Effects of publicity on juvenilt crime - Will publicizing young people's crimes deter juvenile crime? Will it assist in the process of rehabilitation?
  宣傳對(duì)青少年犯罪的影響 - 宣傳青年犯罪會(huì)扼制青少年犯罪嗎？它會(huì)協(xié)助康復(fù)的過程嗎？

• Effects of imprisonment on juveniles - What effects will imprisonment have on teenagers? On preteens?
  監(jiān)禁對(duì)青少年的影響 - 監(jiān)禁會(huì)對(duì)青少年有什么影響？對(duì)十三歲一下的呢？

• Differences in crimes - Should all juvenile crimes be handled alike? That is, should the criminal's age be considered in certain crimes(vandalism and shoplifting, for example) but not in others(rape and murder, for example)?
  不同的犯罪 - 所有的青少年犯罪都應(yīng)該以相同的方式處理嗎？就是說，犯罪的年齡是否在某些罪（如故意破壞公物和入店行竊）考慮，而在其他罪中（如強(qiáng)奸和謀殺）不考慮？

• Repeat offenders - Should chronic juvenile offenders be treated differently from first time offenders? If so, in what way?
  慣犯 - 慣犯是否應(yīng)該與初犯區(qū)別對(duì)待呢？如果是，以什么方式呢？

• Prisons - If juvenile offenders are sent to prison(say, for crimes of violence),should they be housed in the same institutions as adult crimianls?
  監(jiān)獄 - 如果青少年罪犯送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄（比如因?yàn)楸┝Ψ缸铮?，他們?yīng)該和成年人罪犯關(guān)在同一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)嗎？