golang路由mux的介紹及基本使用

github地址：

代碼示例：

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
    "log"
    "math/rand"
    "net/http"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
)

// 定義Book的結(jié)構(gòu)體
type Book struct {
    ID      string  `json:"id"`
    Isbn    string  `json:"isbn"`
    Title   string  `json:"title"`
    Author  *Author `json:"author"`
}

// 定義Author的結(jié)構(gòu)體
type Author struct {
    Firstname       string  `json:"firstname"`
    Lastname        string  `json:"lastname"`
}

// 初始化book的切片
var books []Book

// 查詢所有的Book
func getBooks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}

// 根據(jù)ID查詢Book
func getBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
    log.Println(params)
    // Loop through books and find with id
    for _, item := range books {
        if item.ID == params["id"] {
            json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)
            return
        }
    }
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&Book{})
}

// 根據(jù)Title查詢
func getBookByTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    var newBooks []Book
    params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
    for _, item := range books {
        if strings.Contains(item.Title, params["title"]) {
            newBooks = append(newBooks, item)
        }
    }
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(newBooks)
}

// 創(chuàng)建Book
func createBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    var book Book
    _ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&book)
    book.ID = strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(10000000)) // Mock ID - not safe
    books = append(books, book);
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}

// 修改Book
func updateBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
    var book Book
    json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&book)
    for index, item := range books {
        if item.ID == params["id"] {
            books[index] = book
            books[index].ID = item.ID
            break
        }
    }
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}

// 刪除Book
func deleteBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
    for index, item := range books {
        if item.ID == params["id"] {
            books = append(books[:index], books[index+1:]...)
            break
        }
    }
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}

func main() {
    // 初始化路由
    r := mux.NewRouter()

    // 增加mock數(shù)據(jù)
    books = append(books, Book{ID: "1", Isbn: "448743", Title: "Go語言", Author: &Author{Firstname: "John", Lastname: "Doe"}})
    books = append(books, Book{ID: "2", Isbn: "448744", Title: "Java語言", Author: &Author{Firstname: "Steve", Lastname: "Smith"}})
    books = append(books, Book{ID: "3", Isbn: "448745", Title: "java程序設(shè)計", Author: &Author{Firstname: "Steve", Lastname: "Smith"}})

    // 普通路由
    r.HandleFunc("/api/books", getBooks).Methods("GET")
    // 普通路由參數(shù)
    r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", getBook).Methods("GET")
    //r.HandleFunc("/api/books/byTitle/{title}", getBookByTitle).Methods("GET")
    // 正則路由參數(shù)，title的查詢限制為英文字母,并且是小寫字母，否則報：404 page not found
    r.HandleFunc("/api/books/byTitle/{title:[a-z]+}", getBookByTitle).Methods("GET")

    r.HandleFunc("/api/books", createBook).Methods("POST")
    r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", updateBook).Methods("PUT")
    r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", deleteBook).Methods("DELETE")
    // 監(jiān)聽8000端口，并打出日志
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", r))
}

運行程序，通過postman或其它http請求工具發(fā)送請求，下面是測試的結(jié)果。

1、GET請求http://localhost:8000/api/books，結(jié)果如下：
[
    {
        "id": "1",
        "isbn": "448743",
        "title": "Go語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "John",
            "lastname": "Doe"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "2",
        "isbn": "448744",
        "title": "Java語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "3",
        "isbn": "448745",
        "title": "java程序設(shè)計",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    }
]
2、GET請求http://localhost:8000/api/books/2，結(jié)果如下：
{
    "id": "2",
    "isbn": "448744",
    "title": "Java語言",
    "author": {
        "firstname": "Steve",
        "lastname": "Smith"
    }
}
3、POST請求http://localhost:8000/api/books, 參數(shù)（json格式）：
{
    "Isbn": "448744",
    "Title": "python語言",
    "Author": {
        "Firstname": "py",
        "Lastname": "thon"
    }
}
結(jié)果如下：
[
    {
        "id": "1",
        "isbn": "448743",
        "title": "Go語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "John",
            "lastname": "Doe"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "2",
        "isbn": "448744",
        "title": "Java語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "3",
        "isbn": "448745",
        "title": "java程序設(shè)計",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "8498081",
        "isbn": "448744",
        "title": "python語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "py",
            "lastname": "thon"
        }
    }
]
新增了id為8498081的Book
4、DELETE請求http://localhost:8000/api/books/8498081，結(jié)果如下：
[
    {
        "id": "1",
        "isbn": "448743",
        "title": "Go語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "John",
            "lastname": "Doe"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "2",
        "isbn": "448744",
        "title": "Java語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "3",
        "isbn": "448745",
        "title": "java程序設(shè)計",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    }
]
刪除了id為8498081的Book
5、PUT請求http://localhost:8000/api/books/1 ， 參數(shù)(json格式)：
{
    "Isbn": "44874300",
    "Title": "Go語言-1",
    "Author": {
        "Firstname": "John-2",
        "Lastname": "Doe-2"
    }
}
結(jié)果如下：
[
    {
        "id": "1",
        "isbn": "44874300",
        "title": "Go語言-1",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "John-2",
            "lastname": "Doe-2"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "2",
        "isbn": "448744",
        "title": "Java語言",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "3",
        "isbn": "448745",
        "title": "java程序設(shè)計",
        "author": {
            "firstname": "Steve",
            "lastname": "Smith"
        }
    }
]
可以看到id為1的Book已經(jīng)修改了。

以上的例子為mux的基本使用。

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