引用鏈接
(一)類型
常見類型
Int,String,Double,struct,enum,class,tuple
//typle 元組類型
//聲明
let someTuple:(Int,Int) = (10,23)
//元組可以設置名稱
var person = (name:"liuyw",age:30)
//取值方式1
person.0
person.1
//取值方式2
person.age
person.name
//取值方式3
var (personName,personAge) = person
personName
personAge
someTuple.0或者tuple.1
//typealias
//類型的別名關鍵字
//函數(shù)類型
func
//可選類型
var num:Int? = nilvar num1:Optional= nil
//隱式解析可選
var num:Int!var num1:ImplicitlyUnwrappedOptional
//協(xié)議合成類型
var someProtocol:protocol
數(shù)組 Array
//聲明
var array1:[String] = ["0","1","2","3"]
var array = [String]()
//修改值
array1 += ["4","5"]
array1[1...3] =["a","b","c","d","e"]
//array1.append
//array1.removeAtIndex()
//array1.insert(, atIndex:)
//獲取值
print(array1)
print(array1[0])
print(array1.last)
print(array1.first)
var str:String = ""
//遍歷
for item:String in array1{
}
for bgen in array1.enumerate()
{
print("元素下標:\(bgen.0)? 元素值:\(bgen.1)")
}
字典 dictionary
//聲明
var dic:Dictionary= ["name":"liu","age":"30"]
var dic1 = Dictionary()
//修改值
dic["name"] = "liuyanwei"
dic["name1"] = "liuyanwei1"
dic.updateValue("liuyw", forKey: "name")//返回原值
dic1.indexForKey("name1")
dic.removeValueForKey("name")
//獲取值
dic["name"]
//字典的循環(huán)
for (key,value) in dictionary{
println("key is: \(key) value is : \(value)");
}
枚舉 enum
//整形的枚舉
enum Sharp:Int{
case Rect=1,Circle,Star
//switch中的選項可以用.表示
func desc()->String{
switch self{
case .Rect:
return "this is rect"
case .Circle:
return "this is circle"
case .Star:
return "this is star"
}
}
}
//enum的值
Sharp.RawValue(1)
//調(diào)用枚舉的方法
Sharp.Rect.desc()
結構 struct
//結構
//結構和類的最重要的區(qū)別就是架構是傳值，類是傳引用
struct Sharp{
//屬性
var width:Int
var height:Int
//方法
func area()->Int{
return self.width*self.height;
}
//允許修改屬性的方法前綴 mutating
mutating func zoomIn() {
self.width += 100
self.height += 100
}
}
協(xié)議
//可以被class，struct，enum實現(xiàn)
protocol Sharp{
//屬性
var width:String{get}
var heiht:String{get set}
//方法
func area()->Int
}
//swift 可選和必選協(xié)議
//只能被class實現(xiàn)，無法給struct和enum實現(xiàn)
@objc protocol OptionalProtocol {
//可選協(xié)議
optional func optionalMethod()
//必選協(xié)議
func necessaryMethod()
}
對象
class Card: NSObject {
}
class Person: NSObject {
//私有對象
private var _name:String?
var gender:String
var gender1:String?
//arc
/*
weak 用于可空對象，unowned用于非空對象
weak 調(diào)用被釋放的對象會返回nil，unowned 調(diào)用被釋放的對象會出異常
建議 如果能夠確定在訪問時不會已被釋放的話，盡量使用 unowned，如果存在被釋放的可能，那就選擇用 weak
*/
weak var bastFriend:Person?
unowned var identityCard:Card
//構造函數(shù)
init(name: String) {
gender = "male"
identityCard = Card()
super.init()
//初始化。。。
self.name = name
}
//便利構造函數(shù)
convenience init(name:String,gender:String)
{
self.init(name:name)
self.gender = gender
}
//析構函數(shù)
deinit{
}
//屬性
var name:String{
get{
return _name!
}
set{
_name = newValue;
}
//可以自定newValue的名稱
//set(newName){
//? _gender = newName
//}
}
//觀察者模式的屬性
//newValue 和 oldValue
var age:Int = 0{
willSet{}
didSet{}
}
//方法
func sayName(){
print("hello name")
}
//靜態(tài)方法
static func say(){
print("hello")
}
//類方法
class func say1(){
print("hello1")
}
//方法重載
override func copy() -> AnyObject {
return ""
}
//懶屬性
//兩種方式，方法加載和閉包加載
lazy var friends:[String] = self.findfriends()
func findfriends()->[String]{
return ["bob","bill","jobs"]
}
lazy var bastFirends:String = {
print(" print bastFirends")
return "liuyanwei"
}()
//調(diào)用
//NSLog("bastFirends:%@ and friends is:[%@] ",p.bastFirends,p.friends)
//下標腳本
subscript(name:String)->String{
get{
return self.name
}
set{
self.name = newValue;
}
}
}
（二）語法
流程控制
if語句
//判斷是Option類是否有值
if let theStr = str2 {
print("ture")
}
swich
//switch 數(shù)字區(qū)間
var condition1 = 888_888_888;
switch condition1{
case -999_999...38: print("case1");
case 40...88: print("case2");
case 100...188: print("case3");
case 200...999_999_999_999: print("case3");
default:break;
}
//switch? 元組
var condition2 = (100,88);
switch condition2{
case (-99999...0,-99999...0),(40...88,0..<100): print("case1")//匹配多個條件
case let (_,y): print(y); fallthrough // 值綁定,fallthrough 墜落下一個條件
case (_,0...100): print("case3");// “_” 匹配所有
default:break;
}
//switch 值綁定和where語句
var condition3 = 100
switch condition3{
case let i where i<50 :print("case1")
case let i where i<120 && i>50 :print("case2")
default :break;
}
//switch 枚舉
enum BarCode{
case UPCA(Int,Int,Int)
case QRCode(String)
}
var condition4 = BarCode.UPCA(10, 5, 2)
switch condition4{
case let .UPCA(a,b,c): print("a:\(a)|b:\(b)|c:\(c)")
case .QRCode: print("case:2")
//? ? default: break
}
//對option的判斷
let num: Int? = nil
switch num {
case nil: println("沒值")
default:? println("\(num!)")
}
函數(shù)
//無參數(shù)
func hello(){}
//有參數(shù)
func hello(name:String){}
//有參數(shù)和返回值
func hello(name:String)->String{}
//多個參數(shù)
func hello(name:String,age:Int){}
//多個返回值
func hello()->(String,Int){? ??
return (num1,num2,num3)
}
//可變參數(shù)
func hello(name:String...){}
//函數(shù)的嵌套
func hello1(){? ? func hello2(){}}
//參數(shù)的默認值
func hello1(msg:String = "defaultMsg"){}
//返回值是函數(shù)
func hello()->(String->String){
? ? func hello1(name:String)->String{}? ?
?return hello1
}
//參數(shù)是函數(shù)
fun hello(msg:String,callback(Void->Void)){?
?? callback()
}
//函數(shù)參數(shù)是變量
//若不聲明var ，默認參數(shù)類型是let，就無法修改參數(shù)的值
func hello(var msg:String){?
?? msg += "hello"? ? print(msg)
}
//函數(shù)參數(shù)的命名
func hello(name name:String ,withAge age:Int){}
func hello1(name:String ,age:Int){}
//調(diào)用
hello(name:, withAge:)//默認的參數(shù)命名
hello1(, age:)//指定的參數(shù)命名
//匿名函數(shù)
//{}可以作為匿名函數(shù)
//例如調(diào)用上面的hello方法（參數(shù)是函數(shù)）
hello("hi",? ?
?{? ??
?//dosthing? ?
?})
//有參數(shù)的匿名函數(shù)
{? ?
?(msg:String)->String in? ?
?return msg
}
//泛型參數(shù)//輸入輸出參數(shù)的函數(shù)
func myswap(inout obj1:T,inout _ obj2:T){
let temp:T = obj1
obj1 = obj2
obj2 = temp
}
閉包
var array = ["f","a","c","d","e"]
//完整寫法
//{ (參數(shù):類型) in 執(zhí)行方法 return 返回值}
array.sort({
(s1:String,s2:String) -> Bool in
return s2 > s1;
})
//省略參數(shù)類型和括號
//{ 參數(shù)$1,$2 in 執(zhí)行方法 return 返回值}
array.sort({
s1,s2 -> Bool in
return s1 > s2;
})
//省略參數(shù)類型和return關鍵字
//{ 參數(shù)$1,$2 in 返回值}
array.sort({
s1,s2 ->Bool in
s1 < s2
})
//省略參數(shù)名
array.sort({
$1 < $0
})
//尾隨閉包
array.sort(){
$1 < $0
}
//上面的幾個其實只是匿名函數(shù)，不是真正的閉包。swift里面稱他們是閉包，那就算是吧。真正的閉包是下面這個
//閉包（closure）就是封閉的意思
//閉包的概念,閉包概念有很多，我覺得比較好理解的的是松本行弘給的定義：將局部變量這一環(huán)境封閉起來的結構，叫做閉包
func count()->(()->Int){
var i = 0;
return {
()->Int in
return ++i
}
}
//測試使用
var touch = count()
touch()//1
touch()//2
touch()//3
touch()//4
異常處理
enum AwfulError: ErrorType {
case Bad
case Worse
case Terrible
}
func hello () throws{
throw AwfulError.Bad
}
do {
try hello()
print("final")
}
catch AwfulError.Bad {
print("Bad")
}
catch AwfulError.Worse {
print("Worse")
}
catch AwfulError.Terrible {
print("Terrible")
}
catch? {
print("all error")
}
Selector
objc里面有@Selector(),在swift可以使用 let someMethod = Selector(“someMethodName”)得到。大多數(shù)情況無需這樣
func callMe() {
NSLog("this is callMe")
}
func callMeWithParam(timer:NSTimer) {
NSLog("this is callMeWithParam,prarm is :\(timer.userInfo as! String)")
}
//無參數(shù)
NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2, target:self, selector:"callMe", userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
//帶參數(shù),不使用Selector
NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2, target:self, selector: "callMeWithParam:", userInfo: "i'm prarm", repeats: true)
擴展
extension Person{
? ? func anotherHello(){
? ? ? ?NSLog("another hello")
? }
}
高級
柯里化 (Currying) ?
(引用大神的文章，這是第一次聽說過這個詞語，轉(zhuǎn)賬過來，慢慢了解)
func addTwoNumbers(a: Int)(num: Int) -> Int {
return a + num
}
let addToFour = addTwoNumbers(4)? ? // addToFour 是一個 Int -> Int
let result = addToFour(num: 6)? ? ? // result = 10
封裝局部變量
封裝局部變量可以減少變量之間的沖突
var str:String = {
? //局部變量被封裝
? let str1 = "hello",str2 = "world"
? ? return "\(str1) \(str2) !"
?}()
方法調(diào)用的另一種方式
class Person {
//普通方法
func hi(name:String) -> String{
return "hi \(name)"
}
//靜態(tài)方法
class func hello(){
NSLog("hello")
}
}
let person = Person()
//常規(guī)方法調(diào)用
person.hi("liuyanwei")
Person.hello()
//利用方法名調(diào)用
let funcOnPerson1 = Person.hi
funcOnPerson1(person)("liuyanwei")
//調(diào)用靜態(tài)方法
let funcOnPerson2 = Person.hello
funcOnPerson2()
swift單例標準寫法
class MyManager? {
static private let sharedInstance = MyManager()
? ? class var sharedManager : MyManager {
? ? ? ? ? return sharedInstance
? ?}
}
