只有窮國，才全民創(chuàng)業(yè)

Only in poor countries do people start businesses

subtitle

狐貍先森幾點(diǎn)鐘 What time does the fox start

2022-02-22 14:53 The 2022-02-22 14:53

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01

之前的文章《浙江任性發(fā)錢搶人，跪求家鄉(xiāng)同款》提到了，如果大學(xué)生去浙江打工，我非常支持，畢竟這錢不拿白不拿。

但如果是奔創(chuàng)業(yè)去，我勸你還是冷靜冷靜。

創(chuàng)業(yè)不易，尤其是大學(xué)生，這就跟賭博差不多。

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這倒不是說大學(xué)生應(yīng)該當(dāng)一輩子打工人，但創(chuàng)業(yè)的失敗率實(shí)在太高，你現(xiàn)在看到的成功企業(yè)家，那都是刀山火海闖過來的，可不是隨便成功的。

搏一搏單車可能變摩托，但更大概率是只剩車轱轆。

即便失敗資金有人給你兜底，可浪費(fèi)的青春誰又給你兜底？

還有，你真以為貸款創(chuàng)業(yè)的錢那么輕易地就不用還了？

And do you really think the money you borrowed to start a business is so easy to pay back?

浙江是有錢，但浙江不傻啊。

代償，并不意味著債務(wù)消失，只是從欠銀行的錢變成欠政府而已，政府是會通過一系列手段拿回來的，而且還要上征信，上面寫著你有一筆貸款沒還。

Zhejiang is rich, but zhejiang is not stupid. Repayment, it doesn't mean that the debt disappears, it just goes from the money owed to the bank to the money owed to the government, and the government will get it back through a series of means, but also on the credit bureau, it says that you have a loan not paid.

哪怕這筆錢真收不回來，也不要緊。

It doesn't matter if you don't get the money back.

這幾十萬也是被花出去了，只要在社會流動了，就會產(chǎn)生數(shù)倍的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，間接增加了稅收，政府并不虧。

至于有人想法子騙政府的錢，這是想多了。

現(xiàn)在大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)恐怖得很，任何金錢流動都有痕跡，不然你以為那些主播、明星補(bǔ)稅是怎么來的？

These hundreds of thousands are also spent out, as long as the social flow, it will produce several times the economic benefits, indirectly increase the tax revenue, the government does not lose. As for anyone trying to cheat the government out of its money, that is overthinking. Now the big data system is very scary, any money flow has traces, otherwise you think those anchors, stars pay taxes how to come?

其實(shí)，“創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗，政府代償”這個(gè)政策，早在2015年就有了。

As a matter of fact, the policy of "government compensation for entrepreneurial failure" was introduced as early as 2015.

政府代償?shù)慕痤~并不多，這是因?yàn)椋嬲暾埻ㄟ^的人不多。

The amount of government compensation is not very large, because not many people actually apply.

有本事創(chuàng)業(yè)的人，不缺這幾十萬，風(fēng)投資金多得很，就看你有沒有這本事拿。 People who have the ability to start a business, there is no shortage of this hundreds of thousands of venture capital funds, depending on whether you have this ability to take.

缺這幾十萬的，根本沒創(chuàng)業(yè)的能力，自然申請不到這筆錢。 Lack this hundreds of thousands of, do not have entrepreneurial ability at all, nature applies for less than this money.

02

“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”，相信大家不陌生，出自2014年9月夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇上李總理的講話，李表示，要在960萬平方公里土地上掀起“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”、“草根創(chuàng)業(yè)”的新浪潮，形成“萬眾創(chuàng)新”、“人人創(chuàng)新”的新勢態(tài)。

The phrase "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is familiar to all of you. At the Summer Davos Forum in September 2014, Premier Li Keqiang said that a new wave of mass entrepreneurship and grassroots entrepreneurship should be launched on the land of 9.6 million square kilometers, and a new trend of mass innovation and innovation for all should be formed.

在我們印象里，好像一個(gè)國家創(chuàng)業(yè)的人越多，經(jīng)濟(jì)就越發(fā)達(dá)。 It seems to us that the more people start businesses in a country, the more developed its economy will be.

但現(xiàn)實(shí)，可能正好相反。 In reality, the opposite may be true.

窮國之所以窮，是因?yàn)槿狈?chuàng)業(yè)精神嗎？窮人之所以窮，是因?yàn)槿狈?chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會嗎？

Are poor countries poor because they lack entrepreneurship? Are poor people poor because they lack entrepreneurial opportunities?

給窮人一筆創(chuàng)業(yè)啟動資金，就可以改變他們的命運(yùn)嗎？

Can a poor person's life be changed by giving them start-up money?

到底是錢的問題，還是人的問題，還是社會環(huán)境的問題？

Is it a problem of money, people or social environment?

如果你要是去過很多地方旅游，窮國、富國都去過，應(yīng)該能看到，實(shí)際上，更有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的，恰恰是窮國人而不是富國人。 If you've been to a lot of places, both rich and poor, you'll see that, in fact, it's poor people who are more entrepreneurial than rich people.

窮國的大街上，遍布各種小商販、小生意，叫賣各種稀奇古怪的東西。各種各樣的服務(wù)，都有人搶著去干。 The streets of poor countries are full of small traders and businesses selling all kinds of strange things. All kinds of services, people are competing to do.

沒出過國也不要緊，看看國內(nèi)的情況就知道了，是不是西部地區(qū)特別多小攤小販，沿海發(fā)達(dá)城市則明顯少很多，這可不是發(fā)達(dá)城市的城管比較厲害的原因。

Did not go out a country also unimportant, see the circumstance of home to know, be western area especially much stall hawker, coastal developed city is much less obviously, this is not the reason that the city management of developed city is more fierce.

柬埔寨小男孩為了賣紀(jì)念品，學(xué)會15種語言，你說窮人不努力？

Cambodian boy learns 15 languages to sell souvenirs. Poor people don't work hard?

而富國呢？那就簡單乏味得多了。在富國，大多數(shù)人都是上班族，老老實(shí)實(shí)地給老板打工。創(chuàng)業(yè)這事，困難、辛苦、且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)巨大，大多數(shù)人不愿意受這個(gè)累。 What about rich countries? That would be much more simple and boring. In rich countries, most people are salarymen, working honestly for their bosses. Starting a business is difficult, laborious, and risky, and most people don't want to suffer from it.

踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地按月領(lǐng)工資，不好嗎？這就是富國的現(xiàn)實(shí)。 Get your salary by the month, isn't it? This is the reality of the rich world.

實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)也證明了這一點(diǎn)。在窮國，很多人都是農(nóng)民，農(nóng)民本身就是小經(jīng)營者，需要獨(dú)自打理從生產(chǎn)到運(yùn)輸?shù)絻Υ娴戒N售的全部環(huán)節(jié)。所以一個(gè)農(nóng)民實(shí)際上就是個(gè)小企業(yè)家。

This is also borne out by empirical data. In poor countries, many people are farmers, and farmers themselves are small operators who have to handle everything from production to transport to storage to sales. So a farmer is actually a small entrepreneur.

即使不把農(nóng)民算在內(nèi)，只計(jì)算非農(nóng)業(yè)勞動人口，在大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家，30%-50%的人屬于個(gè)體勞動者，也就是創(chuàng)業(yè)者。

Even if you do not count farmers but only non-agricultural workers, in most developing countries 30-50% of the population is self-employed, that is, entrepreneurs.

而且，越窮，這個(gè)比例越高。加納是67%，孟加拉是75%，貝寧甚至高達(dá)88%。 And the poorer they are, the higher the percentage. It is 67% in Ghana, 75% in Bangladesh and 88% in Benin.

一個(gè)將近9成人都創(chuàng)業(yè)的國家，總不能說還缺乏創(chuàng)業(yè)精神吧。 In a country where nearly 90 percent of people start businesses, it is hard to say that there is a lack of entrepreneurial spirit.

像柬埔寨這樣的窮國，景區(qū)都會遍布賣紀(jì)念品的小孩，真正是全民創(chuàng)業(yè)啊

In a poor country like Cambodia, the scenic spots are full of kids selling souvenirs. It's really a national enterprise

再看發(fā)達(dá)國家的數(shù)據(jù)。美國人據(jù)說很愛創(chuàng)業(yè)，但美國的非農(nóng)業(yè)勞動人口中，個(gè)體經(jīng)營者只有7.5%，法國是8.6%，挪威最低，只有6.7%；發(fā)達(dá)國家這個(gè)比例平均是12.8%。

Look at the figures for the developed world. Americans are said to be entrepreneurial, but only 7.5 percent of the non-farm labor force in the United States is self-employed, compared with 8.6 percent in France and 6.7 percent in Norway. The average in developed countries is 12.8%.

美國人的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神在發(fā)達(dá)國家中低于平均值。看來，美國人并不是那么愛創(chuàng)業(yè)，他們更愛找個(gè)公司去上班。 American entrepreneurship is below average in the developed world. Americans, it seems, are not so entrepreneurial. They prefer to find a company to work for.

也就是說，一個(gè)人如果降生在窮國，他成為自謀生路的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的機(jī)會，比生在富國其實(shí)要大得多。

In other words, a person born in a poor country has a much better chance of becoming a self-employed entrepreneur than one born in a rich country.

但是結(jié)果是什么呢？不管他們多么有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，不畏艱難險(xiǎn)阻的奮勇拼搏，換來的卻只是貧困。

But what are the results? No matter how entrepreneurial they are, they struggle through thick and thin, only to find poverty.

你永遠(yuǎn)不知道，窮國的家庭為了生活有多努力

You never know how hard families in poor countries work to get by

03

所以在這個(gè)基本面上，你給窮人加一點(diǎn)小額貸款，幫他們啟動一些小生意，你覺得有用么？

So on that basis, you can add a little bit of microcredit to help poor people start small businesses. Do you think that will help?

富國的人們，按部就班地上學(xué)、畢業(yè)，加入公司，在老板的指揮下循規(guī)蹈矩地工作，既不需要冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去創(chuàng)業(yè)，也不需要獨(dú)自面對種種艱難險(xiǎn)阻，就能有多得多的收入，享受高得多的生活水平。 People in rich countries can earn much more and enjoy a much higher standard of living by going to school, graduating, joining a company and doing what bosses tell them to do, without having to take risks to start a business or face hardships alone.

而全民創(chuàng)業(yè)的窮國的人們，哪怕用上吃奶的勁，變著花樣做生意，也難過好日子。 And people in poor countries where all people start their own businesses, even if they try their best to do business in different ways, are also unhappy with good times.

說到這兒，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們對創(chuàng)業(yè)精神是不是有什么誤會？

At this point, do we have a misunderstanding about entrepreneurship?

是的，有誤會。我們夸大了個(gè)體的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的作用。

Yes, there was a misunderstanding. We exaggerate the role of individual entrepreneurship.

相比個(gè)體的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，通過有效的組織和制度把人們的個(gè)體努力整合起來，形成強(qiáng)大的集團(tuán)能力，才是一個(gè)國家真正的致富之道。 Compared with individual entrepreneurship, the only way for a country to become rich is to integrate people's individual efforts through effective organizations and institutions to form powerful group capabilities.

為什么呢？因?yàn)檫@就是公司的力量，大公司的生產(chǎn)效率比一個(gè)個(gè)個(gè)體戶高多了，國家致富要靠世界五百強(qiáng)的企業(yè)，而不是遍地的小作坊。 Why is that? Because this is the power of the company, the production efficiency of large companies is much higher than that of individual enterprises, the country depends on the fortune 500 enterprises, not small workshops everywhere.

一家世界五百強(qiáng)產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，有時(shí)候比一個(gè)小窮國還高，真正是一企業(yè)抵一國

A fortune 500 company can generate more economic returns than a small poor country

全民創(chuàng)業(yè)不能讓窮國變成富國，只有建立起一個(gè)個(gè)有競爭力的大公司，讓大部分人在里面發(fā)揮所長、獲得豐厚的勞務(wù)收益，才是實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕的正確之道。

Entrepreneurship for all cannot turn poor countries into rich ones. Only by establishing large and competitive companies in which the majority of people can give full play to their strengths and get rich labor benefits is the right way to achieve common prosperity.

本文由 狐貍先森幾點(diǎn)鐘 原創(chuàng)，歡迎關(guān)注，帶你一起長知識

This article by fox sen several o 'clock original, welcome to pay attention to, take you with long knowledge

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Special statement: This article is uploaded and published by the author of NetEase We-media platform "NetEase", and the views expressed herein are solely those of the author. NetEase only provides an information release platform.

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