前言
我們繼續(xù)前面的內(nèi)容,把webpack剩下的配置項(xiàng)擼一遍,推薦大家先看一下前面的文章:
配置
devtool
此選項(xiàng)控制是否生成,以及如何生成 source map。
什么是Source map?
簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō),Source map就是一個(gè)信息文件,里面儲(chǔ)存著位置信息。也就是說(shuō),轉(zhuǎn)換后的代碼的每一個(gè)位置,所對(duì)應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換前的位置(source map更多的介紹跟怎么使用就不在這里分析了)
string or false
選擇一種 source map 格式來(lái)增強(qiáng)調(diào)試過(guò)程。不同的值會(huì)明顯影響到構(gòu)建(build)和重新構(gòu)建(rebuild)的速度。
webpack 倉(cāng)庫(kù)中包含一個(gè) 顯示所有
devtool變體效果的示例。這些例子或許會(huì)有助于你理解這些差異之處。
你可以直接使用
SourceMapDevToolPlugin/EvalSourceMapDevToolPlugin來(lái)替代使用devtool選項(xiàng),因?yàn)樗懈嗟倪x項(xiàng)。切勿同時(shí)使用devtool選項(xiàng)和SourceMapDevToolPlugin/EvalSourceMapDevToolPlugin插件。devtool選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)部添加過(guò)這些插件,所以你最終將應(yīng)用兩次插件。
| devtool | 構(gòu)建速度 | 重新構(gòu)建速度 | 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境 | 品質(zhì)(quality) |
| (none) | fastest | fastest | yes | 打包后的代碼 |
| eval | fastest | fastest | no | 生成后的代碼 |
| eval-cheap-source-map | fast | faster | no | 轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)的代碼(僅限行) |
| eval-cheap-module-source-map | slow | faster | no | 原始源代碼(僅限行) |
| eval-source-map | slowest | fast | no | 原始代碼 |
| eval-nosources-source-map | ||||
| eval-nosources-cheap-source-map | ||||
| eval-nosources-cheap-module-source-map | ||||
| cheap-source-map | fast | slow | yes | 轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)的代碼(僅限行) |
| cheap-module-source-map | slow | slower | yes | 原始源代碼(僅限行) |
| inline-cheap-source-map | fast | slow | no | 轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)的代碼(僅限行) |
| inline-cheap-module-source-map | slow | slower | no | 原始源代碼(僅限行) |
| inline-source-map | slowest | slowest | no | 原始代碼 |
| inline-nosources-source-map | ||||
| inline-nosources-cheap-source-map | ||||
| inline-nosources-cheap-module-source-map | ||||
| source-map | slowest | slowest | yes | 原始代碼 |
| hidden-source-map | slowest | slowest | yes | 原始代碼 |
| hidden-nosources-source-map | ||||
| hidden-nosources-cheap-source-map | ||||
| hidden-nosources-cheap-module-source-map | ||||
| hidden-cheap-source-map | ||||
| hidden-cheap-module-source-map | ||||
| nosources-source-map | slowest | slowest | yes | 無(wú)源代碼內(nèi)容 |
| nosources-cheap-source-map | ||||
| nosources-cheap-module-source-map |
其中一些值適用于開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,一些適用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,通常希望更快速的 source map,需要添加到 bundle 中以增加體積為代價(jià),但是對(duì)于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,則希望更精準(zhǔn)的 source map,需要從 bundle 中分離并獨(dú)立存在。
Chrome 中的 source map 有一些問(wèn)題。我們需要你的幫助!。
查看
output.sourceMapFilename自定義生成的 source map 的文件名。
品質(zhì)說(shuō)明(quality)
打包后的代碼 - 將所有生成的代碼視為一大塊代碼。你看不到相互分離的模塊。
生成后的代碼 - 每個(gè)模塊相互分離,并用模塊名稱進(jìn)行注釋??梢钥吹?webpack 生成的代碼。示例:你會(huì)看到類似 var module__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(42); module__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.a();,而不是 import {test} from "module"; test();。
轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)的代碼 - 每個(gè)模塊相互分離,并用模塊名稱進(jìn)行注釋??梢钥吹?webpack 轉(zhuǎn)換前、loader 轉(zhuǎn)譯后的代碼。示例:你會(huì)看到類似 import {test} from "module"; var A = function(_test) { ... }(test);,而不是 import {test} from "module"; class A extends test {}。
原始源代碼 - 每個(gè)模塊相互分離,并用模塊名稱進(jìn)行注釋。你會(huì)看到轉(zhuǎn)譯之前的代碼,正如編寫它時(shí)。這取決于 loader 支持。
無(wú)源代碼內(nèi)容 - source map 中不包含源代碼內(nèi)容。瀏覽器通常會(huì)嘗試從 web 服務(wù)器或文件系統(tǒng)加載源代碼。你必須確保正確設(shè)置 output.devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate,以匹配源代碼的 url。
(僅限行) - source map 被簡(jiǎn)化為每行一個(gè)映射。這通常意味著每個(gè)語(yǔ)句只有一個(gè)映射(假設(shè)你使用這種方式)。這會(huì)妨礙你在語(yǔ)句級(jí)別上調(diào)試執(zhí)行,也會(huì)妨礙你在每行的一些列上設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)。與壓縮后的代碼組合后,映射關(guān)系是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,因?yàn)閴嚎s工具通常只會(huì)輸出一行。
對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
以下選項(xiàng)非常適合開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境:
eval - 每個(gè)模塊都使用 eval() 執(zhí)行,并且都有 //@ sourceURL。此選項(xiàng)會(huì)非??斓貥?gòu)建。主要缺點(diǎn)是,由于會(huì)映射到轉(zhuǎn)換后的代碼,而不是映射到原始代碼(沒(méi)有從 loader 中獲取 source map),所以不能正確的顯示行數(shù)。
eval-source-map - 每個(gè)模塊使用 eval() 執(zhí)行,并且 source map 轉(zhuǎn)換為 DataUrl 后添加到 eval() 中。初始化 source map 時(shí)比較慢,但是會(huì)在重新構(gòu)建時(shí)提供比較快的速度,并且生成實(shí)際的文件。行數(shù)能夠正確映射,因?yàn)闀?huì)映射到原始代碼中。它會(huì)生成用于開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境的最佳品質(zhì)的 source map。
cheap-eval-source-map - 類似 eval-source-map,每個(gè)模塊使用 eval() 執(zhí)行。這是 "cheap(低開(kāi)銷)" 的 source map,因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有生成列映射(column mapping),只是映射行數(shù)。它會(huì)忽略源自 loader 的 source map,并且僅顯示轉(zhuǎn)譯后的代碼,就像 eval devtool。
cheap-module-eval-source-map - 類似 cheap-eval-source-map,并且,在這種情況下,源自 loader 的 source map 會(huì)得到更好的處理結(jié)果。然而,loader source map 會(huì)被簡(jiǎn)化為每行一個(gè)映射(mapping)。
特定場(chǎng)景
以下選項(xiàng)對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境并不理想。他們是一些特定場(chǎng)景下需要的,例如,針對(duì)一些第三方工具。
inline-source-map - source map 轉(zhuǎn)換為 DataUrl 后添加到 bundle 中。
cheap-source-map - 沒(méi)有列映射(column mapping)的 source map,忽略 loader source map。
inline-cheap-source-map - 類似 cheap-source-map,但是 source map 轉(zhuǎn)換為 DataUrl 后添加到 bundle 中。
cheap-module-source-map - 沒(méi)有列映射(column mapping)的 source map,將 loader source map 簡(jiǎn)化為每行一個(gè)映射(mapping)。
inline-cheap-module-source-map - 類似 cheap-module-source-map,但是 source mapp 轉(zhuǎn)換為 DataUrl 添加到 bundle 中。
對(duì)于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境
這些選項(xiàng)通常用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中:
(none)(省略 devtool 選項(xiàng)) - 不生成 source map。這是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。
source-map - 整個(gè) source map 作為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的文件生成。它為 bundle 添加了一個(gè)引用注釋,以便開(kāi)發(fā)工具知道在哪里可以找到它。
你應(yīng)該將你的服務(wù)器配置為,不允許普通用戶訪問(wèn) source map 文件!
hidden-source-map - 與 source-map 相同,但不會(huì)為 bundle 添加引用注釋。如果你只想 source map 映射那些源自錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告的錯(cuò)誤堆棧跟蹤信息,但不想為瀏覽器開(kāi)發(fā)工具暴露你的 source map,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)很有用。
你不應(yīng)將 source map 文件部署到 web 服務(wù)器。而是只將其用于錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告工具。
nosources-source-map - 創(chuàng)建的 source map 不包含 sourcesContent(源代碼內(nèi)容)。它可以用來(lái)映射客戶端上的堆棧跟蹤,而無(wú)須暴露所有的源代碼。你可以將 source map 文件部署到 web 服務(wù)器。
這仍然會(huì)暴露反編譯后的文件名和結(jié)構(gòu),但它不會(huì)暴露原始代碼。
在使用
uglifyjs-webpack-plugin時(shí) 你必須提供sourceMap:true選項(xiàng)來(lái)啟用 source map 支持。
以上是官網(wǎng)的描述,我們大概知道了sourcemap這個(gè)東西,下面我們結(jié)合demo對(duì)幾個(gè)常用的devtool做一下測(cè)試。
eval(默認(rèn))
打包過(guò)后的代碼。
對(duì)應(yīng)配置文件,
webpack.config.js:
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
mode: "development",
context: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),
// entry: ["babel-polyfill","./index.js"]
entry: {
app: ["./index.js"]
},
output: {
path: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"), //默認(rèn)為path.join(process.cwd(), "dist")
pathinfo: true,
filename: "[name].[contenthash:16].[fullhash:16].[id].js",
chunkFilename: "[id].js",
// library: "demoSay",
// libraryExport: "default",
// libraryTarget: "jsonp",
},
experiments: {
// outputModule: true
},
module: {
noParse: /babel-polyfill/,
rules: [
{
test: /.vue$/,
use: 'vue-loader',
},
{
test: /\.(sass|scss)$/,
use: [
"style-loader",
"css-loader",
{
loader: "postcss-loader",
options: {
config: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./postcss.config.js")
}
}
},
"sass-loader"
],
},
{
test: /\.png$/,
oneOf: [
{
resourceQuery: /inline/,
loader: "url-loader",
options: {
limit: 1024 * 1024 * 10
}
},
{
resourceQuery: /external/,
loader: "file-loader",
}
]
}
]
},
resolve: {
alias: {
DemoVue: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/demo-vue.vue")
},
extensions: ['.wasm', '.mjs', '.js', '.json', '.vue'],
modules: [path.resolve(__dirname, "src"), "node_modules"],
unsafeCache: /demo-publicpath/,
},
plugins: [
new (require("vue-loader-plugin"))()
],
devServer: {
before(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
req.query.name="hello "+req.query.name;
next();
});
},
after(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
res.json({msg: req.query.name});
});
},
clientLogLevel: "info",
allowedHosts: [
"localhost"
],
contentBase: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"),
// contentBasePublicPath: "/assets",
filename: /app\.js/,
headers: {
'X-Custom-Foo': 'bar'
},
historyApiFallback: true,
host: "0.0.0.0",
port: "8090",
hot: true,
liveReload: false,
open: true,
useLocalIp: true,
overlay: true,
publicPath: "/dist/"
},
devtool: "eval"
};
然后運(yùn)行webpack-dev-server:
192:webpack-demo yinqingyang$ node ./node_modules/webpack/node_modules/.bin/webpack-dev-server
然后訪問(wèn)入口文件:http://192.168.2.103:8090/dist/app.dce652981f001848.1b5476d5f9831bfb.app
可以看到,瀏覽器中顯示了我們打包過(guò)后的文件,比如index.js:
__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);
/* harmony import */ var _demo_vue__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(/*! ./demo-vue */ "./demo-vue.vue");
/* harmony import */ var vue__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(/*! vue */ "../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.runtime.esm.js");
/* harmony import */ var demo_publicpath__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__ = __webpack_require__(/*! demo-publicpath */ "./demo-publicpath.js");
__webpack_require__.p = "/";
const root=document.createElement("div");
root.id="app";
document.body.appendChild(root)
const app=new vue__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.default({
render:(h)=>h(_demo_vue__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__.default)
});
app.$mount(root);
false
關(guān)閉生成source map,我們修改一下配置文件,
webpack.config.js:
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
mode: "development",
context: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),
// entry: ["babel-polyfill","./index.js"]
entry: {
app: ["./index.js"]
},
output: {
path: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"), //默認(rèn)為path.join(process.cwd(), "dist")
pathinfo: true,
filename: "[name].[contenthash:16].[fullhash:16].[id].js",
chunkFilename: "[id].js",
// library: "demoSay",
// libraryExport: "default",
// libraryTarget: "jsonp",
},
experiments: {
// outputModule: true
},
module: {
noParse: /babel-polyfill/,
rules: [
{
test: /.vue$/,
use: 'vue-loader',
},
{
test: /\.(sass|scss)$/,
use: [
"style-loader",
"css-loader",
{
loader: "postcss-loader",
options: {
config: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./postcss.config.js")
}
}
},
"sass-loader"
],
},
{
test: /\.png$/,
oneOf: [
{
resourceQuery: /inline/,
loader: "url-loader",
options: {
limit: 1024 * 1024 * 10
}
},
{
resourceQuery: /external/,
loader: "file-loader",
}
]
}
]
},
resolve: {
alias: {
DemoVue: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/demo-vue.vue")
},
extensions: ['.wasm', '.mjs', '.js', '.json', '.vue'],
modules: [path.resolve(__dirname, "src"), "node_modules"],
unsafeCache: /demo-publicpath/,
},
plugins: [
new (require("vue-loader-plugin"))()
],
devServer: {
before(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
req.query.name="hello "+req.query.name;
next();
});
},
after(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
res.json({msg: req.query.name});
});
},
clientLogLevel: "info",
allowedHosts: [
"localhost"
],
contentBase: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"),
// contentBasePublicPath: "/assets",
filename: /app\.js/,
headers: {
'X-Custom-Foo': 'bar'
},
historyApiFallback: true,
host: "0.0.0.0",
port: "8090",
hot: true,
liveReload: false,
open: true,
useLocalIp: true,
overlay: true,
publicPath: "/dist/"
},
devtool: false
};
然后運(yùn)行webpack-dev-server:
192:webpack-demo yinqingyang$ node ./node_modules/webpack/node_modules/.bin/webpack-dev-server
然后訪問(wèn)入口文件:http://192.168.2.103:8090/dist/app.b4fe93c6b41eec70.7b916ef02bd517e8.app
可以看到,沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的sourcemap展示。
eval-cheap-module-source-map
原始的代碼(僅限行)
Ok! 可以看到,webpack給我們展示了demo-vue.vue的原始代碼,這樣我們斷點(diǎn)就清晰多了,index.html也是會(huì)源碼顯示,但是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有層級(jí)的概念,都在一個(gè)目錄里面,這就是“eval-cheap-module-source-map”的用法。
建議
ok,其它的就不演示了,小伙伴自己跑跑看效果,在平時(shí)項(xiàng)目中一般建議用“eval-cheap-module-source-map”,這樣速度跟調(diào)試都還可以,也不要被網(wǎng)上或者別人說(shuō)的限定死,要靈活運(yùn)用,比如你工程很小,那速度慢也慢不到哪去,直接聲明“source-map”也是可以的。
生成環(huán)境一定不能打開(kāi)devtool哦!
源碼:
當(dāng)然,你也可以不用配置devtool,直接搭配使用plugin也是可以的,比如源碼:
lib/WebpackOptionsApply.js
...
if (options.devtool) {
if (options.devtool.includes("source-map")) {
const hidden = options.devtool.includes("hidden");
const inline = options.devtool.includes("inline");
const evalWrapped = options.devtool.includes("eval");
const cheap = options.devtool.includes("cheap");
const moduleMaps = options.devtool.includes("module");
const noSources = options.devtool.includes("nosources");
const Plugin = evalWrapped
? require("./EvalSourceMapDevToolPlugin")
: require("./SourceMapDevToolPlugin");
new Plugin({
filename: inline ? null : options.output.sourceMapFilename,
moduleFilenameTemplate: options.output.devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate,
fallbackModuleFilenameTemplate:
options.output.devtoolFallbackModuleFilenameTemplate,
append: hidden ? false : undefined,
module: moduleMaps ? true : cheap ? false : true,
columns: cheap ? false : true,
noSources: noSources,
namespace: options.output.devtoolNamespace
}).apply(compiler);
} else if (options.devtool.includes("eval")) {
const EvalDevToolModulePlugin = require("./EvalDevToolModulePlugin");
new EvalDevToolModulePlugin({
moduleFilenameTemplate: options.output.devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate,
namespace: options.output.devtoolNamespace
}).apply(compiler);
}
}
...
target
string | function(compiler)
告知 webpack 為目標(biāo)(target)指定一個(gè)環(huán)境,webpack 能夠?yàn)槎喾N環(huán)境或 target 構(gòu)建編譯。
webpack內(nèi)置的target等于讓你選擇某個(gè)target后,webpack會(huì)為特定的target導(dǎo)入一組默認(rèn)插件,我們直接找到源碼:
lib/WebpackOptionsApply.js
if (typeof options.target === "string") {
switch (options.target) {
case "web": {
const JsonpTemplatePlugin = require("./web/JsonpTemplatePlugin");
const FetchCompileWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileWasmPlugin");
const FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin");
const NodeSourcePlugin = require("./node/NodeSourcePlugin");
new JsonpTemplatePlugin().apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileWasmPlugin({
mangleImports: options.optimization.mangleWasmImports
}).apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeSourcePlugin(options.node).apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
break;
}
case "webworker": {
const WebWorkerTemplatePlugin = require("./webworker/WebWorkerTemplatePlugin");
const FetchCompileWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileWasmPlugin");
const FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin");
const NodeSourcePlugin = require("./node/NodeSourcePlugin");
const StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin = require("./runtime/StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin");
new WebWorkerTemplatePlugin().apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileWasmPlugin({
mangleImports: options.optimization.mangleWasmImports
}).apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeSourcePlugin(options.node).apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
new StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: true
}).apply(compiler);
break;
}
case "node":
case "async-node": {
const NodeTemplatePlugin = require("./node/NodeTemplatePlugin");
const ReadFileCompileWasmPlugin = require("./node/ReadFileCompileWasmPlugin");
const ReadFileCompileAsyncWasmPlugin = require("./node/ReadFileCompileAsyncWasmPlugin");
const NodeTargetPlugin = require("./node/NodeTargetPlugin");
const StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin = require("./runtime/StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin");
new NodeTemplatePlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: options.target === "async-node"
}).apply(compiler);
new ReadFileCompileWasmPlugin({
mangleImports: options.optimization.mangleWasmImports
}).apply(compiler);
new ReadFileCompileAsyncWasmPlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeTargetPlugin().apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin("node").apply(compiler);
new StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: options.target === "async-node"
}).apply(compiler);
break;
}
case "node-webkit": {
const JsonpTemplatePlugin = require("./web/JsonpTemplatePlugin");
const NodeTargetPlugin = require("./node/NodeTargetPlugin");
const ExternalsPlugin = require("./ExternalsPlugin");
const StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin = require("./runtime/StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin");
new JsonpTemplatePlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeTargetPlugin().apply(compiler);
new ExternalsPlugin("commonjs", "nw.gui").apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
new StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: true
}).apply(compiler);
break;
}
case "electron-main": {
const NodeTemplatePlugin = require("./node/NodeTemplatePlugin");
const NodeTargetPlugin = require("./node/NodeTargetPlugin");
const ExternalsPlugin = require("./ExternalsPlugin");
const StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin = require("./runtime/StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin");
new NodeTemplatePlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: true
}).apply(compiler);
new NodeTargetPlugin().apply(compiler);
new ExternalsPlugin("commonjs", [
"app",
"auto-updater",
"browser-window",
"clipboard",
"content-tracing",
"crash-reporter",
"dialog",
"electron",
"global-shortcut",
"ipc",
"ipc-main",
"menu",
"menu-item",
"native-image",
"original-fs",
"power-monitor",
"power-save-blocker",
"protocol",
"screen",
"session",
"shell",
"tray",
"web-contents"
]).apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
new StartupChunkDependenciesPlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: true
}).apply(compiler);
break;
}
case "electron-renderer":
case "electron-preload": {
const FetchCompileWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileWasmPlugin");
const FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin");
const NodeTargetPlugin = require("./node/NodeTargetPlugin");
const ExternalsPlugin = require("./ExternalsPlugin");
if (options.target === "electron-renderer") {
const JsonpTemplatePlugin = require("./web/JsonpTemplatePlugin");
new JsonpTemplatePlugin().apply(compiler);
} else if (options.target === "electron-preload") {
const NodeTemplatePlugin = require("./node/NodeTemplatePlugin");
new NodeTemplatePlugin({
asyncChunkLoading: true
}).apply(compiler);
}
new FetchCompileWasmPlugin({
mangleImports: options.optimization.mangleWasmImports
}).apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeTargetPlugin().apply(compiler);
new ExternalsPlugin("commonjs", [
"clipboard",
"crash-reporter",
"desktop-capturer",
"electron",
"ipc",
"ipc-renderer",
"native-image",
"original-fs",
"remote",
"screen",
"shell",
"web-frame"
]).apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
break;
}
default:
throw new Error("Unsupported target '" + options.target + "'.");
}
}
可以看到,默認(rèn)有:web、webworker、node、async-node、node-webkit、electron-main、electron-renderer、electron-preload,我們?yōu)g覽器應(yīng)用默認(rèn)用的是web選項(xiàng),然后webpack會(huì)對(duì)特定的target導(dǎo)入一些基礎(chǔ)配置:
case "web": {
const JsonpTemplatePlugin = require("./web/JsonpTemplatePlugin");
const FetchCompileWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileWasmPlugin");
const FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin = require("./web/FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin");
const NodeSourcePlugin = require("./node/NodeSourcePlugin");
new JsonpTemplatePlugin().apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileWasmPlugin({
mangleImports: options.optimization.mangleWasmImports
}).apply(compiler);
new FetchCompileAsyncWasmPlugin().apply(compiler);
new NodeSourcePlugin(options.node).apply(compiler);
new LoaderTargetPlugin(options.target).apply(compiler);
break;
}
除了默認(rèn)的一些配置外,一些插件可能也需要利用target做不同的操作。
externals
string` `array` `object` `function` `regex
防止將某些 import 的包(package)打包到 bundle 中,而是在運(yùn)行時(shí)(runtime)再去從外部獲取這些擴(kuò)展依賴(external dependencies)。
例如,從 CDN 引入 jQuery,而不是把它打包:
index.html
<script
src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.js"
integrity="sha256-slogkvB1K3VOkzAI8QITxV3VzpOnkeNVsKvtkYLMjfk="
crossorigin="anonymous">
</script>
webpack.config.js
externals: {
jquery: 'jQuery'
}
這樣就剝離了那些不需要改動(dòng)的依賴模塊,換句話,下面展示的代碼還可以正常運(yùn)行:
import $ from 'jquery';
$('.my-element').animate(...);
具有外部依賴(external dependency)的 bundle 可以在各種模塊上下文(module context)中使用,例如 CommonJS, AMD, 全局變量和 ES2015 模塊。外部 library 可能是以下任何一種形式:
- root:可以通過(guò)一個(gè)全局變量訪問(wèn) library(例如,通過(guò) script 標(biāo)簽)。
- commonjs:可以將 library 作為一個(gè) CommonJS 模塊訪問(wèn)。
-
commonjs2:和上面的類似,但導(dǎo)出的是
module.exports.default. -
amd:類似于
commonjs,但使用 AMD 模塊系統(tǒng)。
可以接受各種語(yǔ)法……
string
請(qǐng)查看上面的例子。屬性名稱是 jquery,表示應(yīng)該排除 import $ from 'jquery' 中的 jquery 模塊。為了替換這個(gè)模塊,jQuery 的值將被用來(lái)檢索一個(gè)全局的 jQuery 變量。換句話說(shuō),當(dāng)設(shè)置為一個(gè)字符串時(shí),它將被視為全局的(定義在上面和下面)。
array
externals: {
subtract: ['./math', 'subtract']
}
subtract: ['./math', 'subtract'] 轉(zhuǎn)換為父子結(jié)構(gòu),其中 ./math 是父模塊,而 bundle 只引用 subtract 變量下的子集。
object
externals : {
react: 'react'
}
// 或者
externals : {
lodash : {
commonjs: "lodash",
amd: "lodash",
root: "_" // 指向全局變量
}
}
// 或者
externals : {
subtract : {
root: ["math", "subtract"]
}
}
此語(yǔ)法用于描述外部 library 所有可用的訪問(wèn)方式。這里 lodash 這個(gè)外部 library 可以在 AMD 和 CommonJS 模塊系統(tǒng)中通過(guò) lodash 訪問(wèn),但在全局變量形式下用 _ 訪問(wèn)。subtract 可以通過(guò)全局 math 對(duì)象下的屬性 subtract 訪問(wèn)(例如 window['math']['subtract'])。
function
It might be useful to define your own function to control the behavior of what you want to externalize from webpack. webpack-node-externals, for example, excludes all modules from the node_modules directory and provides some options to, for example, whitelist packages.
It basically comes down to this:
externals: [
function(context, request, callback) {
if (/^yourregex$/.test(request)){
return callback(null, 'commonjs ' + request);
}
callback();
}
],
The 'commonjs ' + request defines the type of module that needs to be externalized.
regex
Every dependency that matches the given regular expression will be excluded from the output bundles.
externals: /^(jquery|\$)$/i
In this case any dependency named jQuery, capitalized or not, or $ would be externalized.
以上是官網(wǎng)的描述,比如我們demo項(xiàng)目中使用了babel-polyfill,也如果在test.html中以cdn又引入了一遍的話,那就會(huì)重復(fù)引用了,所以我們直接把babel-polyfill當(dāng)成外部模塊就ok了,所以我們可以改一下配置文件:
webpack.config.js
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
mode: "development",
context: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),
entry: ["babel-polyfill","./index.js"]
// entry: {
// app: ["./index.js"]
// },
output: {
path: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"), //默認(rèn)為path.join(process.cwd(), "dist")
pathinfo: true,
filename: "[name].[contenthash:16].[fullhash:16].[id].js",
chunkFilename: "[id].js",
// library: "demoSay",
// libraryExport: "default",
// libraryTarget: "jsonp",
},
experiments: {
// outputModule: true
},
module: {
noParse: /babel-polyfill/,
rules: [
{
test: /.vue$/,
use: 'vue-loader',
},
{
test: /\.(sass|scss)$/,
use: [
"style-loader",
"css-loader",
{
loader: "postcss-loader",
options: {
config: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./postcss.config.js")
}
}
},
"sass-loader"
],
},
{
test: /\.png$/,
oneOf: [
{
resourceQuery: /inline/,
loader: "url-loader",
options: {
limit: 1024 * 1024 * 10
}
},
{
resourceQuery: /external/,
loader: "file-loader",
}
]
}
]
},
resolve: {
alias: {
DemoVue: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/demo-vue.vue")
},
extensions: ['.wasm', '.mjs', '.js', '.json', '.vue'],
modules: [path.resolve(__dirname, "src"), "node_modules"],
unsafeCache: /demo-publicpath/,
},
plugins: [
new (require("vue-loader-plugin"))(),
// new (require("uglifyjs-webpack-plugin"))({
// test: /\.js($|\?)/i
// })
],
devServer: {
before(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
req.query.name="hello "+req.query.name;
next();
});
},
after(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
res.json({msg: req.query.name});
});
},
clientLogLevel: "info",
allowedHosts: [
"localhost"
],
contentBase: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"),
// contentBasePublicPath: "/assets",
filename: /app\.js/,
headers: {
'X-Custom-Foo': 'bar'
},
historyApiFallback: true,
host: "0.0.0.0",
port: "8090",
hot: true,
liveReload: false,
open: true,
useLocalIp: true,
overlay: true,
publicPath: "/dist/"
},
devtool: "source-map",
externals: /babel-polyfill/
};
這樣webpack打包的時(shí)候就不會(huì)去加載babel-polyfill了。
performance
這些選項(xiàng)可以控制 webpack 如何通知「資源(asset)和入口起點(diǎn)超過(guò)指定文件限制」。 此功能受到 webpack 性能評(píng)估的啟發(fā)。
performance
object
配置如何展示性能提示。例如,如果一個(gè)資源超過(guò) 250kb,webpack 會(huì)對(duì)此輸出一個(gè)警告來(lái)通知你。
performance.hints
false | "error" | "warning"
打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉提示。此外,當(dāng)找到提示時(shí),告訴 webpack 拋出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或警告。此屬性默認(rèn)設(shè)置為 "warning"。
給定一個(gè)創(chuàng)建后超過(guò) 250kb 的資源:
performance: {
hints: false
}
不展示警告或錯(cuò)誤提示。
performance: {
hints: "warning"
}
將展示一條警告,通知你這是體積大的資源。在開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,我們推薦這樣。
performance: {
hints: "error"
}
將展示一條錯(cuò)誤,通知你這是體積大的資源。在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境構(gòu)建時(shí),我們推薦使用 hints: "error",有助于防止把體積巨大的 bundle 部署到生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,從而影響網(wǎng)頁(yè)的性能。
performance.maxEntrypointSize
int
入口起點(diǎn)表示針對(duì)指定的入口,對(duì)于所有資源,要充分利用初始加載時(shí)(initial load time)期間。此選項(xiàng)根據(jù)入口起點(diǎn)的最大體積,控制 webpack 何時(shí)生成性能提示。默認(rèn)值是:250000 (bytes)。
performance: {
maxEntrypointSize: 400000
}
performance.maxAssetSize
int
資源(asset)是從 webpack 生成的任何文件。此選項(xiàng)根據(jù)單個(gè)資源體積,控制 webpack 何時(shí)生成性能提示。默認(rèn)值是:250000 (bytes)。
performance: {
maxAssetSize: 100000
}
performance.assetFilter
Function
此屬性允許 webpack 控制用于計(jì)算性能提示的文件。默認(rèn)函數(shù)如下:
function(assetFilename) {
return !(/\.map$/.test(assetFilename))
};
你可以通過(guò)傳遞自己的函數(shù)來(lái)覆蓋此屬性:
performance: {
assetFilter: function(assetFilename) {
return assetFilename.endsWith('.js');
}
}
以上示例將只給出 .js 文件的性能提示。
比如我們項(xiàng)目中限定一下,當(dāng)打包出來(lái)的文件超過(guò)1kb都提示錯(cuò)誤,
webpack.config.js:
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
mode: "development",
context: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),
entry: ["babel-polyfill","./index.js"],
// entry: {
// app: ["./index.js"]
// },
output: {
path: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"), //默認(rèn)為path.join(process.cwd(), "dist")
pathinfo: true,
filename: "[name].[contenthash:16].[fullhash:16].[id].js",
chunkFilename: "[id].js",
// library: "demoSay",
// libraryExport: "default",
// libraryTarget: "jsonp",
},
experiments: {
// outputModule: true
},
module: {
noParse: /babel-polyfill/,
rules: [
{
test: /.vue$/,
use: 'vue-loader',
},
{
test: /\.(sass|scss)$/,
use: [
"style-loader",
"css-loader",
{
loader: "postcss-loader",
options: {
config: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./postcss.config.js")
}
}
},
"sass-loader"
],
},
{
test: /\.png$/,
oneOf: [
{
resourceQuery: /inline/,
loader: "url-loader",
options: {
limit: 1024 * 1024 * 10
}
},
{
resourceQuery: /external/,
loader: "file-loader",
}
]
}
]
},
resolve: {
alias: {
DemoVue: path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/demo-vue.vue")
},
extensions: ['.wasm', '.mjs', '.js', '.json', '.vue'],
modules: [path.resolve(__dirname, "src"), "node_modules"],
unsafeCache: /demo-publicpath/,
},
plugins: [
new (require("vue-loader-plugin"))(),
// new (require("uglifyjs-webpack-plugin"))({
// test: /\.js($|\?)/i
// })
],
devServer: {
before(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
req.query.name="hello "+req.query.name;
next();
});
},
after(app, server, compiler) {
app.get("/login",(req,res,next)=>{
res.json({msg: req.query.name});
});
},
clientLogLevel: "info",
allowedHosts: [
"localhost"
],
contentBase: path.join(process.cwd(), "lib"),
// contentBasePublicPath: "/assets",
filename: /app\.js/,
headers: {
'X-Custom-Foo': 'bar'
},
historyApiFallback: true,
host: "0.0.0.0",
port: "8090",
hot: true,
liveReload: false,
open: true,
useLocalIp: true,
overlay: true,
publicPath: "/dist/"
},
devtool: "source-map",
externals: /babel-polyfill/,
performance: {
hints: "error",
maxEntrypointSize: 1024
}
};
然后我們運(yùn)行webpack打包:
192:webpack-demo yinqingyang$ npx webpack
Hash: 0ed0b14f25767f823548
Version: webpack 5.0.0-beta.7
Time: 1421ms
Built at: 2020-07-12 18:34:37
Asset Size
63fe41824cb8236c0896a71b7df7f461.png 59.3 KiB [compared for emit] [name: (main)]
main.b02d930c34bcde5f.0ed0b14f25767f82.main.js.map 298 KiB [compared for emit] [dev] [name: (main)]
+ 1 hidden asset
Entrypoint main [big] = main.b02d930c34bcde5f.0ed0b14f25767f82.main.js (63fe41824cb8236c0896a71b7df7f461.png main.b02d930c34bcde5f.0ed0b14f25767f82.main.js.map)
external "babel-polyfill" 42 bytes [built]
./index.js 271 bytes [built]
./demo-vue.vue 1.21 KiB [built]
../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.runtime.esm.js 222 KiB [built]
./demo-publicpath.js 95 bytes [built]
./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=template&id=47a7e22a&scoped=true& 212 bytes [built]
./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=script&lang=js& 258 bytes [built]
./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=style&index=0&id=47a7e22a&lang=scss&scoped=true& 824 bytes [built]
../node_modules/vue-loader/lib/runtime/componentNormalizer.js 2.71 KiB [built]
../node_modules/vue-loader/lib/loaders/templateLoader.js??vue-loader-options!../node_modules/vue-loader/lib??vue-loader-options!./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=template&id=47a7e22a&scoped=true& 335 bytes [built]
../node_modules/vue-loader/lib??vue-loader-options!./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=script&lang=js& 169 bytes [built]
../node_modules/style-loader/dist/cjs.js!../node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!../node_modules/vue-loader/lib/loaders/stylePostLoader.js!../node_modules/postcss-loader/src??ruleSet[0].rules[0].use[2]!../node_modules/sass-loader/dist/cjs.js!../node_modules/vue-loader/lib??vue-loader-options!./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=style&index=0&id=47a7e22a&lang=scss&scoped=true& 810 bytes [built]
../pub1.png?external 80 bytes [built]
../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js 6.64 KiB [built]
../node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!../node_modules/vue-loader/lib/loaders/stylePostLoader.js!../node_modules/postcss-loader/src??ruleSet[0].rules[0].use[2]!../node_modules/sass-loader/dist/cjs.js!../node_modules/vue-loader/lib??vue-loader-options!./demo-vue.vue?vue&type=style&index=0&id=47a7e22a&lang=scss&scoped=true& 278 bytes [built]
+ 6 hidden modules
ERROR in asset size limit: The following asset(s) exceed the recommended size limit (244 KiB).
This can impact web performance.
Assets:
main.b02d930c34bcde5f.0ed0b14f25767f82.main.js (258 KiB)
ERROR in entrypoint size limit: The following entrypoint(s) combined asset size exceeds the recommended limit (1 KiB). This can impact web performance.
Entrypoints:
main (258 KiB)
main.b02d930c34bcde5f.0ed0b14f25767f82.main.js
ERROR in webpack performance recommendations:
You can limit the size of your bundles by using import() or require.ensure to lazy load some parts of your application.
For more info visit https://webpack.js.org/guides/code-splitting/
192:webpack-demo yinqingyang$
ok,可以看到,直接提示我們報(bào)錯(cuò)了,說(shuō)入口文件打包后最大限制是“1kb”。
??,我們花了很多章節(jié)來(lái)介紹webpack的基礎(chǔ)用法,其實(shí)webpack最主要的就是插件跟loader,后面我們實(shí)戰(zhàn)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目然后具體分析一下用到的每個(gè)loader跟plugin,敬請(qǐng)期待!!