2018年10月14日周日,我搭車去了一個(gè)小時(shí)車程外的Richmond參加了James River Writers Conference。在弗吉尼亞州首府里士滿,有一條河橫穿這個(gè)城市,它就叫James River,而這個(gè)寫作的名字叫James River Writers(網(wǎng)址:jamesriverwriters.org)。它于2002年創(chuàng)辦,舉辦的活動(dòng)基本都是圍繞寫作和閱讀來展開。
在國內(nèi),現(xiàn)在的創(chuàng)意寫作(Creative Writing)論壇或者會議,基本處在學(xué)科介紹,寫作技巧傳授,或是教授們聚在一起討論如何在高校進(jìn)行創(chuàng)意寫作的課程設(shè)置,教育教學(xué)或?qū)W科建設(shè)等方面的階段。會議討論人員的主體也是高校教授為主,或者在高校任職的作家教授,單純作家的人比較少。目前國內(nèi)還沒有一個(gè)集聚作家(author)、寫作者(writer)、創(chuàng)意寫作MFA學(xué)生和出版商(publisher)的會議平臺。在美國,查看一下創(chuàng)意寫作網(wǎng)站Poets & Writes的數(shù)據(jù)庫(網(wǎng)址:www.pw.org/conferences_and_residencies),就會發(fā)現(xiàn)每年的各個(gè)時(shí)間,各個(gè)地方,都有面向writers的conference, retreat, workshop之類的活動(dòng),寫作者們一起交流分享討論鼓勵(lì),既有面向fiction, non-ficition或poetry的主題寫作研討,又有討論寫作技能(craft)的會議。

下面的筆記是我作為聽眾參加了半天的會議記錄,討論內(nèi)容比較多,部分內(nèi)容也懶得翻譯成中文,懂英文的可以稍微仔細(xì)看看,或者就大概看看中文整體感覺一下吧。
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時(shí)間:11:15am-1:00pm
活動(dòng):Agent dating game(作者和出版代理商約會游戲)
去晚了,今天早場已經(jīng)結(jié)束,到達(dá)的時(shí)候是午飯時(shí)間,然后是Dating game,是什么呢?
有書稿的作者在大會場的前臺盒子里放進(jìn)自己的名字,盒子按照文體分開,如fiction, non-fiction等,主持人(現(xiàn)場有他的書出售)現(xiàn)場抽作者名字,抽到名字的就上臺扮演dating game里單身漢bachelor角色,其實(shí)就是等待出版商簽約的作者,他們上臺后坐到舞臺擋板的一側(cè),另一坐著出版代理商(publishing agent),雙方中間隔著擋板,面向觀眾。
這個(gè)主持人非常風(fēng)趣幽默,這些Agent也各有特色,問一些聽起來有趣,但是目的性很強(qiáng)的問題,然后Bachelor No. 1, No. 2, No. 3就這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行回答,語言需要清晰明確,在介紹內(nèi)容的時(shí)候也對自己的書進(jìn)行了推銷。

下面是其中一個(gè)dating game中,Young adult book的出版代理商向等待書稿作者提出的問題:
Q1: I am definitely an adventurous person and I love wild fantasy locales, so for all of my lovely bachelors, are you taking me on wild tours of fancy and science fictional fantasy or are we grounded in the current world? Tell me about that world.
這是問書中的場景設(shè)置在哪里?
Q2: I can't go anywhere without my cup of coffee, and I'll become a cranky agent when I don't have enough coffee during the day. For each of my bachelors, what is the one thing that your main character is either in search of or cannot do without?
你的主人公在尋求什么?或者有什么東西是他無法離開的?
Q3: Finally, I like someone for partner who is always looking towards future, always after what's next, so for each of my bachelors, what's your next project?
你的下一個(gè)寫作項(xiàng)目是什么?
在幾輪問題和輕松的互動(dòng)之后,主持人讓agent表達(dá)意愿其中哪個(gè)bachelor進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。在這一輪,agent說雖然難選,但是I want to go with bachelor No. 2。Agent選書需要有對作品的眼光和市場的眼光,不僅看書是不是他喜歡的,也需要看市場需求,出版商意愿等等。
類似這樣的dating game進(jìn)行了四五輪,幾個(gè)agent也選了他們愿意進(jìn)一步交談的作者。
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時(shí)間:1:00-2:00pm
話題:Personal Essay Writing Essentials(個(gè)人散文的寫作要素)
Moderator: Ellen Brown
Speakers: Xhenet Aliu, Melissa Febos, Laurie Gwen Shapiro
個(gè)人散文,或者涉及到觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的文章。這個(gè)Moderator(主持人)向幾個(gè)speaker拋出的問題還不錯(cuò)。
Q1: What is a personal essay? Especially how differentiates from other forms.
Q2: Essays always have an "I" in it....Laurie, if you want to talk about that.
Sometimes, the "I" is not appropriate for a reported piece.
Q3: A lot of essays do start with personal curiosity, like, um I am wondering about that. A lot of us probably respond to questions and we just want to write about it. Can you each comment on how do you know something that caught your curiosity is worth an essay or worth writing about?
Q4: Essays have some additional risks that aren't in say nonfiction or fiction writing. I want you to talk about some of the unique travails of Essay Writing, one of which Melissa touched on which is writing about deeply personal experiences. And I'm also interested in you talking about writing about other people's personal experiences, like you write about your alcoholic father. How do you decide how far to go with that? How far is too far?
這里主持人問幾個(gè)speaker在寫personal essay的時(shí)候,如果涉及到別人的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和故事,怎么寫不算越界?
New Yorker的作者Laurie,她說:“At the end of the day, I feel like I have to get permission from them....You don't want to put yourself at legal risk. 你肯定不想把自己置身于法律危險(xiǎn)境地。當(dāng)你給大的出版社寫東西的時(shí)候,你會go through lawyers, go through fact checkers。我的一個(gè)朋友就因自己寫的一篇博客受到了起訴,因?yàn)闆]有征得當(dāng)事人的同意?!?/p>
主持人補(bǔ)充到,因?yàn)槌霭嬉?jīng)過很多l(xiāng)egal process,如果因?yàn)橐稽c(diǎn)點(diǎn)問題,就要為所有的被起訴的費(fèi)用買單。所以:Just to be REALLY careful! 所以一定要非常非常小心!
Melissa繼續(xù)說:I do have a few boundaries based on experience and transparencing them. If I write someone in my personal essay or memoir, I will not write about an event that was a bigger deal to the other person than it was to me, because I think that's their story.?
如果寫的回憶錄或者個(gè)人散文中提到另一個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷,但是這個(gè)經(jīng)歷對那個(gè)人的重要程度比我自己大很多,那么我就不寫了,因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為這是屬于他們的故事。
Laurie補(bǔ)充說到,有的editor為了得到很多點(diǎn)擊量,就給你一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢,讓你發(fā)一些關(guān)于自己的某些對你來說很特別的經(jīng)歷,你一定要小心,她最后的建議是Really, protect your story, for safe space. 保護(hù)好你自己的故事。
Q5: How about fact checking your essays?
Xhenet: Honesty is a position. 誠實(shí)是一種態(tài)度。
這里他們探討了一個(gè)對我來說很新鮮的事情,就是fact checking。
Laurie: Having gone through a lot of legal departments with non-fiction, I have been told by the lawyer that it is always easier when the people are dead than they are alive. ...If they are alive, they might pop up.
Xhenet說她一個(gè)朋友的文章,審查團(tuán)nit-picking一切細(xì)節(jié),但是,Every time after the fact checking, the piece is better. 因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候在寫作時(shí)人都會有意識無意識地避開something that is tricky for her.所以要Embrace facts.
New Yorker有一個(gè)出名的擁有14人的“事實(shí)審查團(tuán)”Fact Check Panel。Laurie說紐約客上所有發(fā)表的文章,都要經(jīng)過Fact Checkers的字字審查,她自己的一篇3000字的文章,來來回回對其中涉及到的細(xì)節(jié)和事件進(jìn)行了9個(gè)小時(shí)的修改才通過,every single word都要fact check。Laurie說她有一個(gè)朋友經(jīng)常在Facebook上對她發(fā)的帖子挑錯(cuò),她笑著問聽眾說,你們可以想想:Who could be your fact checker in your real life? 這場panel結(jié)束后,我就跑去問Laurie關(guān)于更多fact checking的事,比如哪些文體需要審查,她說任何一篇在New Yorker發(fā)表的文章,包括詩歌,動(dòng)畫(cartoons),小說,評論文章,尤其是historical essay, political essay更是嚴(yán)格。我很納悶,詩歌怎么審查?她回答說:比如詩歌中其中提到了某個(gè)花的名字,結(jié)果國別搞錯(cuò)了,審查團(tuán)隊(duì)有的會改,更多的會給你提問,讓你查清楚修改后再提交。Laurie說,她有一次把一個(gè)年份寫錯(cuò)了一年,審查團(tuán)隊(duì)給她改過來了。Everything have to be correct, time, frame, what countries they are in. 如果向New Yorker提交文章,最好自己做好self check,因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)你文章里有幾處fact不對的話,就不太愿意繼續(xù)合作了。
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時(shí)間:2:15-3:15pm
主題:Memorable Memoir(難忘的回憶錄)
Moderator: Annette Marquis
Speakers: David Coogan, Melissa Febos, Jessica Felleman

這個(gè)是panel的主持人是個(gè)年紀(jì)比較大的女性。我不得不說我被折服了。她向speaker提的問題、speaker說完她的follow-up question,以及她對觀眾提問的轉(zhuǎn)述,實(shí)在是太強(qiáng)了。每個(gè)問題切中要害,語調(diào)平緩,大氣穩(wěn)重,而且她非常清楚有力地將問題拋給具體的一個(gè)在場的speaker,根據(jù)每個(gè)人的特長,問題都有不同,實(shí)在是太佩服了!
下面是她對speaker們的幾個(gè)提問:
Q1: What makes memoir compelling ... to find an audience in this world?
Q2: 這個(gè)問題是問代理商Jessica的,I think this is probably something you run into. How do you hone the story so that it is one story, not an autobiography, not a compilation of your life experience? What is the difference between that and memoir?
Q3: One of the things people struggle with memoir is the balance between story telling and reflection. How does reflection play a part in memoir? What part doesn't play and Why is it important?
這個(gè)panel讓我感興趣的還有一點(diǎn)是,其中一個(gè)speaker教授講的內(nèi)容是prison writing,出版的書名是Writing your way out,合著者(co-author)就是獄中的罪犯,書里的內(nèi)容是監(jiān)獄里的罪犯們通過教授的課程講述自己的故事。
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時(shí)間:3:30-4:30pm
主題:Mood and Tone in the short story
主講人:Melanie Bishop,Book doctor(有的人寫的書在出版之前需要修改,就可以找她提建議)
現(xiàn)場就Tone(語氣)和(情緒)進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)寫作練習(xí),大家朗讀自己寫的內(nèi)容。如果是Tone語氣,不管是幽默的,憂傷的,邪惡的,都會在情節(jié)、對話、語調(diào)等等方面體現(xiàn)出來,但是Character開心或者悲傷的Mood需要通過對物件和環(huán)境的具體描述來體現(xiàn),這就是她提到的:Objective Correlative,通過對客體描述來關(guān)聯(lián)人物內(nèi)心的情緒變化。很小的兩個(gè)練習(xí),但是練習(xí)后聽現(xiàn)場“學(xué)生”朗讀自己剛從的作品還是很有意思,而且對這兩個(gè)在寫作中容易忽視的方面有了更具體的理解。
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我是出于對美國創(chuàng)意寫作好奇的出發(fā)點(diǎn)參加的這次會議,有收獲。但是聽多了就發(fā)現(xiàn),Hearing people talk a lot ABOUT writing does not make you a writer. 只有自己每天不斷地寫,不斷地寫,培養(yǎng)持續(xù)寫作習(xí)慣,這些學(xué)到的關(guān)于寫作的知識才能內(nèi)化,關(guān)于寫作的技巧也才會真正派上用場。