Infectious Diseases 2
Now, a century later, we have flu vaccines that have reduced the severity of epidemics.
ps:?一個世紀(jì)后的今天，我們有了流感疫苗，降低了流行病的嚴(yán)重程度。
flu流行性感冒;?流感
vaccines疫苗;?菌苗;?vaccine的復(fù)數(shù)
reduced減少，縮小;?蒸發(fā);?減輕體重;?節(jié)食;?reduce的過去分詞和過去式
severity嚴(yán)重;?嚴(yán)厲;?嚴(yán)肅;?苛刻
epidemics流行病;?泛濫，蔓延;?epidemic的復(fù)數(shù)
These vaccines need to be updated every year because the virus changes and new strains emerge.
ps:?這些疫苗每年都需要更新，因為病毒會發(fā)生變化，新的毒株會出現(xiàn)。
vaccines疫苗;?菌苗;?vaccine的復(fù)數(shù)
updated使現(xiàn)代化;?更新;?向…提供最新信息;?給…增加最新信息;?update的過去分詞和過去式
every year每一年;?年年
because因為
virus病毒;?濾過性病毒;?病毒性疾病;?病毒病
changes改變;?變化;?使不同;?變換，改換，變成;?變更;?變革;?替代;?更換;?替代物;?change的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
emerge出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)，露出;?暴露;?露出真相;?被知曉;?露
What researchers fear is that a new strain of the virus will develop and cause another pandemic.
ps:?研究人員擔(dān)心的是，一種新的病毒株會發(fā)展并導(dǎo)致另一場大流行。
researchers研究員;?科研工作者;?researcher的復(fù)數(shù)
fear害怕;?懼怕;?擔(dān)憂;?畏懼;?擔(dān)心;?恐怕
virus病毒;?濾過性病毒;?病毒性疾病;?病毒病
develop成長，發(fā)展，壯大;?開發(fā);?研制;?患;?出現(xiàn);?開始侵襲;?開始影響
cause原因;?起因;?理由;?動機;?緣故;?事業(yè)，目標(biāo)，思想;?使發(fā)生;?造成;?引起;?導(dǎo)致
another又一;?再一;?另一;?不同的;?類似的
pandemic流行病;?大流行病;?大流行的;?普遍的，全世界的
Once an outbreak occurs, transmission of the disease will be even faster than before.
ps:?一旦爆發(fā)，這種疾病的傳播速度將比以前更快。
outbreak爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生;?爆發(fā)
occurs發(fā)生;?出現(xiàn);?存在于;?出現(xiàn)在;?occur的第三人稱單數(shù)
transmission傳送;?傳遞;?傳達(dá);?傳播;?傳染;?播送，發(fā)射，發(fā)送，傳輸;?信息，廣播
disease病;?疾病;?弊端;?惡疾;?痼疾
An unintended consequence of our improved transportation system will be the speed at which an epidemic can spread.
ps:我們改進(jìn)交通系統(tǒng)的一個意外后果是流行病的傳播速度。
improved改進(jìn);?改善;?improve的過去分詞和過去式
epidemic流行病;?泛濫，蔓延;?流行性的;?極為盛行的
spread展開;?打開;?攤開;?使散開;?張開;?伸開;?傳播;?
Experts predict that the public health systems will be overwhelmed and unable to react quickly enough.
ps:?專家預(yù)測，公共衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)將不堪重負(fù)，無法迅速作出反應(yīng)。
Experts專家;?行家;?能手;?expert的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
predict預(yù)言;?預(yù)告;?預(yù)報
public health公共衛(wèi)生；公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施
overwhelmed充溢，難以禁受;?壓倒;?擊敗;?征服;?壓垮;?使應(yīng)接不暇;?overwhelm的過去分詞和過去式
react起反應(yīng);?作出反應(yīng);?回應(yīng);?有不良反應(yīng)，過敏;?起化
Questions:
1. Why do vaccines need to be updated every year?
?The viruses change.
2.what has reduced the severity of epidemics?
vaccines.
3. What is an unintended consequence of improved transportation system?
?It allows epidemics to spread more quickly.
So the best defense will be to prevent an outbreak from occurring.
ps:?所以最好的防御措施是防止爆發(fā)。
defense防衛(wèi)，防護；防御措施；防守;?謀劃抵御
will談及將來;?愿，要，會，定要;?煩勞別人做事時用;?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定志向;?決心;?決意;?立遺囑將贈與;?立遺囑贈與;?意志;?毅力;?自制力;?意愿;?心愿;?遺囑
prevent阻止;?阻礙;?阻撓
outbreak爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生;?爆發(fā)
occurring發(fā)生;?出現(xiàn);?存在于;?出現(xiàn)在;?occur的現(xiàn)在分詞
This will require global cooperation and the sharing of data.
ps:?這將需要全球合作和數(shù)據(jù)共享
require需要;?依靠;?依賴;?使做;?使擁有;?規(guī)定
global全球的;?全世界的;?整體的;?全面的;?總括的
cooperation合作;?協(xié)作;?協(xié)助;?配合
sharing共有;?合用;?分配;?分?jǐn)??分享;?共享;?share的現(xiàn)在分詞
data數(shù)據(jù);?資料;?材料;?數(shù)據(jù)資料;?datum的復(fù)數(shù)
It may also require changes in how humans interact with animals.
ps:?這可能還需要改變?nèi)祟惻c動物的互動方式。
require需要;?依靠;?依賴;?使做;?使擁有;?規(guī)定
changes改變;?變化;?使不同;?變換，改換，變成;?變更;?變革;?替代;?更換;?替代物;?change的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
how怎樣;?如何多少，多么，多大
humans人;?human的復(fù)數(shù)
interact with與…相互作用
animals獸;?牲畜;?動物;?animal的復(fù)數(shù)
Animals such as birds and pigs carry viruses that may mutate into a strain that can infect humans.
ps:?鳥類和豬等動物攜帶的病毒可能變異成一種能感染人類的病毒株。
viruses病毒;?濾過性病毒;?病毒性疾病;?病毒病;?virus的復(fù)數(shù)
mutate變異，突變;?轉(zhuǎn)變;?轉(zhuǎn)換
strain壓力;?重負(fù);?重壓之下出現(xiàn)的問題;?拉力;?張力;?應(yīng)力;?勞損;?拉傷;?扭傷;?損傷;?盡力;?竭力;?使勁;?過度使用;?使不堪承受
infect傳染;?使感染;?使攜帶病菌
humans人;?human的復(fù)數(shù)
Such a new strain could lead to another pandemic well before a new vaccine could be developed.
ps:?在研制新疫苗之前，這種新菌株可能會導(dǎo)致另一場大流行
lead to通向
another又一;?再一;?另一;?不同的;?類似的
pandemic流行病;?大流行病;?大流行的;?普遍的，全世界的
well好;?對;?令人滿意地;?完全地;?徹底地;?全部地;?很;?相當(dāng);?大大地;?遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地;?健康;?身體好;?狀態(tài)良好;?情況良好;?明智;?可取;?好主意;?哎呀，喲，啊，好啦;?唉，好吧;?嗯;?井;?水井;?樓梯井;?電梯井道;?律師席;?涌出;?冒出;?流出;?溢出;?涌起;?迸發(fā)
before在…以前;?在…面前;?在前面;?到…為止;?到…之前;?以免;?不然;?以前;?過去;?已經(jīng)
vaccine疫苗;?菌苗
developed發(fā)達(dá)的;?高度發(fā)展的;?先進(jìn)的;?成熟的;?成長
Since diseases and epidemics don't stop at national boarders, this is a global issue requiring global action.
ps:?由于疾病和流行病不會在國家邊界停止，這是一個需要全球行動的全球性問題。
diseases病;?疾病;?弊端;?惡疾;?痼疾;?disease的復(fù)數(shù)
epidemics流行病;?泛濫，蔓延;?epidemic的復(fù)數(shù)
national國家的;?民族的;?全國的;?國有的;?國立的;?國營的;?公民
boarders在學(xué)校寄宿的學(xué)生;?寄宿生;?付費寄住者;?寄膳宿者;?boarder的復(fù)數(shù)
global全球的;?全世界的;?整體的;?全面的;?總括的
issue重要議題;?爭論的問題;?問題，擔(dān)憂;?一期;?期號;?宣布;?公布;?發(fā)出;?發(fā)給，供給;?將…訴諸法律
requiring需要;?依靠;?依賴;?使做;?使擁有;?規(guī)定;?require的現(xiàn)在分詞
action行動;?行為過程;?所做之事;?行為;?訴訟;?起訴;?務(wù)必做
The threat of a global epidemic is another example of why we must learn to live together.
ps:?全球流行病的威脅是我們必須學(xué)會共同生活的另一個例子。
Question:
1.Why is global action required to deal with health issues?
Epidemics don't stop at national borders.
Fill in the blanks:
Animals such as birds and pigs?carry?viruses that?may mutate?into a strain that?can?infect humans. Such a new strain?could?lead to another pandemic well before a new?vaccine?could be developed.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. It may also require changes in how humans interact with animals.
2.Once an outbreak occurs, transmission of the disease will be even faster than before.
3. So the best defense will be to prevent an outbreak from occurring.
4. The threat of a global epidemic is another example of why we must learn to live together.
5. An improved transportation system allows epidemics to spread more quickly.
6. Animals such as birds and pigs carry viruses that may mutate into a strain that can infect humans.
7. Experts predict that public health systems will be overwhelmed and unable to react quickly enough.
8. One danger is that an animal virus may mutate into a strain that can infect humans.
