Begin with... Later on... The last stage of

1. 每個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)都隨著時(shí)間沉沉浮浮。

Every country's economy has ups and downs over time.

2. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們花了很多年來(lái)研究這些波動(dòng)，已確定經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的性質(zhì)。

Economists have spent years studying these fluctuations to determine the nature of the economic cycle.

fluctuation n. 起伏；波動(dòng)

nature n. 性質(zhì)；本性

3. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)周期始于繁榮時(shí)期，在此時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展，許多企業(yè)都取得了巨大的成功。

Generally speaking, the cycle begins with a?boom?period, when?the economy flourishes and many businesses enjoy great success.

begin with 始于

flourish v. 繁榮；興旺

4. 然后經(jīng)濟(jì)在達(dá)到周期的高峰時(shí)逐漸失去動(dòng)力。

Then the economy gradually loses steam as it reaches the peak of the cycle.

lose stream 失去動(dòng)力

reach the peak 達(dá)到頂峰

5. 接著就是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。許多公司停止賺錢，許多工人因公司裁員而失去工作。

Later on, there is a recession. Many companies stop making money, and lots of workers lose their jobs due to layoffs.

6. 周期的最后階段是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。由于政府政策或新技術(shù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸復(fù)蘇。

The last stage of the cycle is recovery. Because of government policy, or new technology, the economy gradually recovers.