DAY06（05）：配置Cobbler裝機(jī)平臺(tái)

5.1 問(wèn)題

本例要求為新建虛擬機(jī)硬盤位20G，網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型為“private1”操作系統(tǒng)為CentOS 7： 1. 虛擬機(jī)名設(shè)置為Cobbler

2. IP地址設(shè)置為：192.168.4.123/24

3. 關(guān)閉SELinux安全機(jī)制

4. 設(shè)置防火墻默認(rèn)區(qū)域?yàn)閠rusted

5. 利用Cobbler部署CentOS 7與 RedHat 7雙系統(tǒng)裝機(jī)平臺(tái)

5.2 方案

cobbler #cobbler程序包

cobbler-web #cobbler的web服務(wù)包

pykickstart #cobbler檢查kickstart語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤

httpd #Apache web服務(wù)

dhcp #Dhcp服務(wù)

tftp-server #tftp服務(wù)

5.3 步驟

實(shí)現(xiàn)此案例需要按照如下步驟進(jìn)行。

步驟一：在虛擬機(jī)中解壓cobbler.zip包 此cobbler.zip包，起初應(yīng)該在真機(jī)上，可以通過(guò)scp命令傳遞到虛擬機(jī)。

1）將真機(jī)cobbler.zip包傳遞到虛擬機(jī)中/root目錄下，注意真機(jī)cobbler.zip絕對(duì)路徑

2）確認(rèn)虛擬機(jī)中的目錄內(nèi)容

03. [root@svr7 ~]#

01. [root@room9pc01 桌面]# scp -r /root/桌面/Cobbler/ root@192.168.4.123:/root/

02. The authenticity of host '192.168.4.123 (192.168.4.123)' can't be established.

03. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:TFNqSD+oJMsA88kLwSdLSKZhSigkQIIAfrXLdKoUaJA.

04. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f9:b8:7d:8d:ca:4e:20:0d:10:c4:72:a5:9f:42:28:8e.

05. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

06. Warning: Permanently added '192.168.4.123' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

07. root@192.168.4.123's password:

08. cobbler_web.png 100% 78KB 6.7MB/s 00:00

09. cobbler.zip 100% 9781KB 61.1MB/s 00:00

10. cobbler_boot.tar.gz 100% 416KB 45.7MB/s 00:00

11. [root@room9pc01 桌面]#

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步驟二：搭建Yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)，安裝Cobbler

1）將cobbler.zip包，解壓縮到根目錄下

2)搭建Yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)，利用yum安裝所有rpm軟件包

步驟三：設(shè)置防火墻與SELinux

1）設(shè)置防火墻默認(rèn)區(qū)域?yàn)閠rusted

01. [root@cob ~]# ls /root/Cobbler/

02. cobbler_boot.tar.gz cobbler_web.png cobbler.zip

03. [root@cob ~]#

01. [root@cob ~]# unzip /root/Cobbler/cobbler.zip -d /

02. ……

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /cobbler/

04. ……

01. [root@cob ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ #首先通過(guò)圖形將CentOS光盤放入光驅(qū)設(shè)備

02. mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護(hù)，將以只讀方式掛載

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /mnt/

04. [root@cob ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

05. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

06. [CentOS7]

07. name=CentOS 7.4

08. baseurl=file:///mnt

09. enabled=1

10. gpgcheck=0

11. [root@cob ~]# yum repolist

12. ……

13. 源標(biāo)識(shí) 源名稱 狀態(tài)

14. CentOS7 CentOS 7.4 3,894

15. repolist: 3,894

16. [root@cob ~]# yum -y install /cobbler/*.rpm

01. [root@cob ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=trusted Top

2）修改SELinux狀態(tài)

步驟四：配置cobbler

1）修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings

2）配置cobbler的dhcp分配網(wǎng)段及IP地址范圍

3）絕對(duì)路徑解壓cobbler_boot.tar.gz

步驟四：?jiǎn)?dòng)相關(guān)服務(wù)

01. [root@cob ~]# setenforce 0

02. [root@cob ~]# getenforce

03. Permissive

04. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

05. ……

06. SELINUX=permissive

07. ……

01. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

02. ……

03. next_server: 192.168.4.123 #設(shè)置下一個(gè)服務(wù)器還為本機(jī)

04. server: 192.168.4.123 #設(shè)置本機(jī)為cobbler服務(wù)器

05. manage_dhcp: 1 #設(shè)置cobbler管理dhcp服務(wù)

06. pxe_just_once: 1 #防止客戶端重復(fù)安裝操作系統(tǒng),增加默認(rèn)從本機(jī)硬盤啟動(dòng)菜單

01. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

02.

03. ……

04.

05. :%s /192.168.1/192.168.4/g #將所有192.168.1替換為192.168.4

01. [root@cob ~]# tar -tf /root/Cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz #眾多的引導(dǎo)文件

02. ……

03. [root@cob ~]# tar -xPf /root/Cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz

04. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ #默認(rèn)cobbler存放引導(dǎo)文件路徑 Top

1）啟動(dòng)cobblerd主服務(wù)

2）啟動(dòng)httpd主服務(wù)，主要提供Web頁(yè)面、裝機(jī)光盤內(nèi)容，ks應(yīng)答文件等

3）啟動(dòng)tftp主服務(wù)，主要提供pxelinux.0、菜單文件等

4）啟動(dòng)rsyncd主服務(wù)，主要提供cobbler各個(gè)組件之間同步數(shù)據(jù)

步驟五：同步刷新cobbler所有配置

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart httpd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable httpd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart tftp

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable tftp

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to

01. [root@cob ~]# cobbler sync

02. task started: 2018-03-22_200534_sync

03. task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Mar 22 20:05:34 2018)

04. running pre-sync triggers

05. cleaning trees

06. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

07. copying bootloaders

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步驟六：導(dǎo)入系統(tǒng)光盤鏡像數(shù)據(jù)

1）導(dǎo)入CentOS系統(tǒng)光盤鏡像，cobbler默認(rèn)提供ks應(yīng)答文件，但應(yīng)答文件為最小化安裝，命令

格式：

cobbler import --path=掛載點(diǎn) --name=導(dǎo)入系統(tǒng)命名 --arch=操作系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)

cobbler導(dǎo)入的鏡像放在：/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

08. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

09. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

10. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

11. copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

12. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

13. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64

14. copying distros to tftpboot

15. copying images

16. generating PXE configuration files

17. generating PXE menu structure

18. rendering DHCP files

19. generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

20. rendering TFTPD files

21. generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

22. cleaning link caches

23. running post-sync triggers

24. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

25. running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

26. running: dhcpd -t -q

27. received on stdout:

28. received on stderr:

29. running: service dhcpd restart

30. received on stdout:

31. received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

32.

33. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

34. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

35. running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

36. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

37. *** TASK COMPLETE **

01. [root@cob ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS7 --arch=x86_64

02. task started: 2018-03-22_201215_import

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2）首先卸載光驅(qū)設(shè)備掛載，通過(guò)圖形將光驅(qū)設(shè)備中的光盤，換成RHEL7光盤如圖-1所示，導(dǎo)入

RHEL7系統(tǒng)光盤鏡像，cobbler默認(rèn)提供ks應(yīng)答文件，但應(yīng)答文件為最小化安裝

圖-1

03. task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Mar 22 20:12:15 2018)

04. ……

05. Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7-x86_64/repodata

06. *** TASK COMPLETE ***

07. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

08. CentOS7-x86_64 config

09. [root@cob ~]#

01. [root@cob ~]# umount /mnt/ #卸載光驅(qū)設(shè)備，將光盤換成RHEL7

01. [root@cob ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

02. mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護(hù)，將以只讀方式掛載

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /mnt/

04. addons extra_files.json isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

05. EFI GPL LiveOS repodata TRANS.TBL

06. EULA images media.repo RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

07. [root@cob ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=RedHat --arch=x86_64

08. task started: 2018-03-22_202531_import

09. task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Mar 22 20:25:31 2018)

10. ……

11. Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/RedHat-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage

12. *** TASK COMPLETE ***

13. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

14. CentOS7-x86_64 config RedHat-x86_64

15. [root@cob ~]# Top

步驟七：新建虛擬機(jī)測(cè)試

1）新建一臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)測(cè)試：

選擇pxe安裝方式

注意如果安裝CentOS系統(tǒng)虛擬機(jī)內(nèi)容必須為2G以上，安裝RedHat內(nèi)存1G以上，硬盤均在9G以 上

測(cè)試虛擬機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型選擇為：private1

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