iOS -iOS系統(tǒng)訪問權(quán)限(通訊錄、相機、相冊、麥克風、定位)

前言

大家都知道蘋果他老人家很注重用戶的隱私保護,所以我們一般在訪問用戶的隱私(比如相冊、相機)的時候都需要用戶授權(quán),那么您真的了解用戶授權(quán)嗎?今天小編就細細道來。

自問自答

關(guān)于授權(quán)的幾個問題
1、系統(tǒng)訪問授權(quán)是必須要設(shè)置的嗎?怎么設(shè)置?
答:是的,如果沒有,iOS10.0之后會崩潰的,崩潰信息如下

This app has crashed because it attempted to access privacy-sensitive data without a usage description. The app's Info.plist must contain an NSContactsUsageDescription key with a string value explaining to the user how the app uses this data.

解決辦法:
只要在info.plist里面設(shè)置對應信息就可以了


Snip20170404_9.png
Snip20170404_9.png

2、系統(tǒng)默認的彈框怎么來的?
答:只要在info.plist文件中設(shè)置了您需要訪問的參數(shù)(key 和NSString),就會有默認彈框,溫馨提示:彈框的文字內(nèi)容要注意編寫,否則會被拒絕哦

 <key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
 <string>xxxapp需要訪問您的麥克風(彈框文字)</string>

3、用戶第一次授權(quán)點擊不允許怎么辦?
A方案:我們自定義一個彈框,提示用戶要設(shè)置授權(quán)

 [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相機\n設(shè)置方法: 打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->相機"]; 
 //彈框提示    
+ (void)showWithMessage:(NSString *)tipString
 {
    UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"溫馨提示" message:tipString delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"確定" otherButtonTitles:nil];
    [alter show];
}

B方案:直接跳轉(zhuǎn)到設(shè)置頁面設(shè)置隱私

  //引導到設(shè)置頁面去設(shè)置
+ (void)gotoSetting
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString];
if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
}
}
 /**
  跳轉(zhuǎn)到設(shè)置權(quán)限界面
  */
+ (void)gotoSettingPrivacyWithType:(LZBAppSettingType)type
{
NSString *jumpString =LZBAppSettingTypeValue[type];
if(jumpString.length == 0)
{
    [self gotoSetting];
    return;
}
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:jumpString];
if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
  }
}

注意:小編提醒,iOS10.0之前Prefs:root=General&path=CAMERA系列還有用,但是iOS10.0之后沒有用了,可以直接使用UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString就可以跳轉(zhuǎn)到對應的設(shè)置頁面

相機授權(quán)

1、導入框架 #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

2、檢測授權(quán),如果是第一次那么狀態(tài)肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此時我們要點擊系統(tǒng)彈框,并且調(diào)用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 檢測點擊授權(quán)與否,如果點擊不允許,那么我們就可以采用上述的A和B方案

  /**
 檢測錄制視頻的相機是否授權(quán)
  */
+ (BOOL)checkVideoCameraAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
switch (status) {
    case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授權(quán)
        isAvalible = YES;
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:   //拒絕,彈框
        {
           [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相機\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->相機"];
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:   //沒有決定,第一次啟動默認彈框
    {
        //點擊彈框授權(quán)
        [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
            isAvalible = granted;
            if(!granted)  //如果不允許
            {
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                });
            }
        }];
    }
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:  //受限制,家長控制器
        isAvalible = NO;
        break;
}
return isAvalible;
}

3、注意在info.plist設(shè)置第一次彈框的文字內(nèi)容

 <key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
 <string>xxxapp需要訪問您的照相機</string>

麥克風授權(quán)

1.導入#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

2、方法和檢測相機差不多,只是把類型換成AVMediaTypeAudio。檢測授權(quán),如果是第一次那么狀態(tài)肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此時我們要點擊系統(tǒng)彈框,并且調(diào)用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 檢測點擊授權(quán)與否,如果點擊不允許,那么我們就可以采用上述的A和B方案

 /**
 檢測錄制視頻的麥克風是否授權(quán)
 */
+ (BOOL)checkVideoMicrophoneAudioAuthorization
{
 __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
 __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
switch (status) {
    case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授權(quán)
        isAvalible = YES;
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:   //拒絕,彈框
        {
            [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開麥克風\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->麥克風"];
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:   //沒有決定,第一次啟動
        {
            //點擊彈框授權(quán)
            [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
                isAvalible = granted;
                if(!granted)  //如果不允許
                {
                    //回到主線程
                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                         [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                    });
                }
            }];
        }
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:  //受限制,家長控制器
       isAvalible = NO;
        break;
}
return isAvalible;
}

3、注意在info.plist設(shè)置第一次彈框的文字內(nèi)容

<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要訪問您的麥克風</string>

相冊授權(quán)

1、iOS8.0之后,導入#import <Photos/Photos.h>

2、檢測授權(quán),如果是第一次那么狀態(tài)肯定是PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此時我們要點擊系統(tǒng)彈框,并且調(diào)用+ (void)requestAuthorization:(void(^)(PHAuthorizationStatus status))handler檢測點擊授權(quán)與否,如果點擊不允許,那么我們就可以采用上述的A和B方案

  /**
   檢測相冊是否授權(quán)
 */
 + (BOOL)checkVideoPhotoAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
//iOS8.0之后
PHAuthorizationStatus photoStatus =  [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (photoStatus) {
    case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        isAvalible = YES;
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
    {
        [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相冊\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->相冊"];


        isAvalible = NO;
    }
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
    {
        [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
            if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
                isAvalible = YES;
            }else{
                isAvalible = NO;  //回到主線程
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                });
            }
        }];   
    }
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        isAvalible = NO;
        break;
    default:
        break;
   }
   return isAvalible;
  };

3、注意在info.plist設(shè)置第一次彈框的文字內(nèi)容

<key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要訪問您的照片管理器</string>

通訊錄授權(quán)

1、導入框架
iOS9.0之前導入#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
iOS9.0之后導入#import <Contacts/Contacts.h>

2、方法還是檢測授權(quán)狀態(tài),如果第一次啟動還是未決定,此時彈框系統(tǒng)默認的框,調(diào)用方法監(jiān)聽點擊結(jié)果(允許還是不允許),如果是不允許,還是采用A或B方案

 // 檢測通訊錄是否授權(quán)
 + (BOOL)checkContactsAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
//iOS9.0之前
if([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] <= __IPHONE_9_0)
{
    ABAuthorizationStatus authorStatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
    switch (authorStatus) {
        case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;
        case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        {
            [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相冊\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->通訊錄"];
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
            break;
        case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        {
            __block ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
            if (addressBook != NULL)
            {
                ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
                    isAvalible = granted;
                    if (!granted) {
                        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                             [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                        });
                    }
                    if (addressBook) {
                        CFRelease(addressBook);
                        addressBook = NULL;
                    }
                });
            }
        }
            break;
        case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}
else//iOS9.0之后
{
    CNAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
    switch (authStatus) {
        case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        {
            [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相冊\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->通訊錄"];
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        {
            CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
            [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
                isAvalible = granted;
                if (!granted) {
                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                         [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                    });
                }
            }];
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
    }
}
  return isAvalible;
 }

3、注意在info.plist設(shè)置第一次彈框的文字內(nèi)容

 <key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要訪問您的通訊錄</string>

定位授權(quán)

1、導入#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>,注意不是#import <CoreLocation/CLLocationManager.h>

2、定位授權(quán)不一樣,首先是檢測當前定位狀態(tài),同樣第一次都是kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined未決定,但是定位授權(quán)是
requestWhenInUseAuthorization、requestAlwaysAuthorization這兩個方法,并且監(jiān)聽方式是采用代理的方式監(jiān)聽

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status

這里只是監(jiān)聽的介紹定位授權(quán),定位具體信息都要結(jié)合具體的項目使用

   + (BOOL)checkLocationAuthorization
  {
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
  if(![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled])
   return NO;
  CLAuthorizationStatus locationStatus =  [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
switch (locationStatus) {
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
        isAvalible = NO;
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
    {
        isAvalible = NO;
    }
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        isAvalible = NO;
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
    {
        [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授權(quán)本App打開相冊\n設(shè)置方法:打開手機設(shè)置->隱私->位置信息"];
        isAvalible = NO;
    }
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
        isAvalible = YES;
        break;  
    default:
        break;
}
return isAvalible;
 }

3、注意在info.plist設(shè)置第一次彈框的文字內(nèi)容

<key>NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要訪問獲取您的位置信息</string>
<key>NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要訪問一直獲取您的位置信息</string>

我已經(jīng)把檢測代碼封裝LZBAuthorizationManger成工具類可以使用到任意的項目,低耦合

源碼下載地址:自定義視頻錄制方法之最優(yōu)方案

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