非謂語動詞”,又稱作“非限定性動詞”,指三種不同的動詞形式:動詞不定式、-ing分詞以及-ed分詞。系統(tǒng)的介紹在此就省略了,畢竟再讓大家區(qū)分like to do和like doing可能會被群轟=。= 那么,今天就來講一些可能會讓大家犯迷糊的非謂語動詞用法吧。
1. would like, should like等短語;或love, was /were, intend, mean, want和expect等詞后加上不定式的完成體表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望。
e.g. I'd like to have gone with you on your hike last week.
我上周本來打算跟你一起去遠足的。(但是沒去)
大家有沒有想起should have done, could have done等詞組?它們都表示未完成,由此看來have done的否定含義還是有律可循的。
2. “be+不定式”可以表示按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作,也可以表示命令、禁止。
e.g. He is to give up drinking.
他必須要戒酒。
3. 特殊句型的被動語態(tài)。
e.g. They observed Tom enter the building. = Tom was observed to enter the building.
e.g. They observed Tom entering the building. = Tom was observed entering the building.
4. too...to句型表肯定含義的情況
大部分人只要一看到too...to就會馬上想起否定的含義,“因為太xx而不能做xx”,但是在下面這些句子中它可以表示肯定意義:
e.g. I'm only too pleased to see you. = I'm very pleased to see you.
我見到你太開心了。
如果還硬要翻成否定含義的話,結(jié)果就是:
—我現(xiàn)在太開心了,不想見你。
—……&!(*)%……
再舉一例:
He is only too glad to help you. = He is very glad to help you.
例題:
試譯: It's too nice of you to come.
參考答案:你能來真是太好了。
關(guān)于too...to的用法還是要結(jié)合語境來理解比較穩(wěn)妥,其實之前講到這個知識點的時候給的例句“I'm only too pleased to see you.”中的“only too”也可以單獨理解為一個固定用法,意思是“非?!?,也算是回歸到對“too”的理解上了("too" can be used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, an adverb, or a word like "much" or "many")。
再來看一個例句:He is too busy not to stay up too late.
繞不繞!
這句話應(yīng)該先不看“not”,句子變成“He is too busy to stay up too late.”,這里的too后面的形容詞“busy”不是我們之前講的“nice,good”等品質(zhì)類的修飾詞,所以還是按照“too...to”句型的否定含義來翻譯,即:他太忙了,不能熬夜。
然后再把“not”補回來,就成了“他太忙了,不得不天天熬夜?!?/p>
說了這么多,其實小編就是想告訴大家一句,注意情景和邏輯吧!