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英國(guó)社會(huì)的等級(jí)劃分，往往綜合以下四個(gè)方面：
family background/ wealth/ occupation/education
家庭背景/財(cái)富/職業(yè)/教育
那么結(jié)合維基百科等網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源和課堂教學(xué)，和大家分享一下具體階層分類
I、Informal classifications and stereotypes 非正式的等級(jí)劃分
1.Underclass--- people who are "chronically unemployed", and in many instances have been for generations.
Typical characteristics are:
?Long-term unemployment, sometimes for generations.
?Living in council housing.
下層階級(jí)--指長(zhǎng)期無(wú)業(yè)，甚至歷代貧困潦倒的人們，常常住在市建廉租房中.
2.Working class---people would work as ?manual labourers or would be skilled industrial jobs or tradesmen, traditionally in the construction and manufacturing industry.
Typical characteristics are:
?No higher education
?‘Blue collar jobs’
-unskilled and semi-skilled jobs often in industry, e.g. factories,mills, mines, etc.
-skilled jobs, e.g.self-employed contractors, construction, plumbing, etc.
?Regional accents
工人階級(jí)--常指體力勞動(dòng)者或者從事建筑及手工行業(yè)。典型特點(diǎn)是受教育水平不高，常常是藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作者。煤礦工人，建筑工人，鉛工業(yè)工人等等。常常有地域口音。
3. Middle class-The middle class in Britain often consists of people with tertiary education and may have been educated in either state or private schools.
Typical characteristics are:
?Good education, e.g. university degree
?Typical jobs include accountants, architects, solicitors, surveyors, social workers, teachers, managers, specialist IT workers, engineers, doctors, university-educated nurses and civil servants.
?Often own a property
?They also value culture and make up a significant proportion of the book-buying and theatre-going public.
中產(chǎn)階級(jí)--受過(guò)高等教育的人群。行業(yè)領(lǐng)域涉及會(huì)計(jì)，建筑師，律師、測(cè)量員、社區(qū)服務(wù)、教師、經(jīng)理、專業(yè)IT，工程師，醫(yī)生，護(hù)士、公務(wù)員等。他們大多擁有房產(chǎn)，并且對(duì)文化和藝術(shù)有一定的追求，會(huì)將收入的一部分用來(lái)買書、看話劇等。
4. Upper class--The British "upper class" is statistically very small and consists of the peerage ,gentry and hereditary landowners, among others.
Typical characteristics are:
?The Royal Family
?The aristocracy ?(inherited ?titles ,eg ?Duke, Earl ?and land from family )
?Historically landowner ,whose wealth came from land
?Upper class values ;good social background ,good manners,well-sppken (RP accent )
?Often educated in particular public schools , eg ?Eton
上層階級(jí)---占據(jù)人口比例很小，通常是皇室貴族。他們可能從家族世襲爵位或是繼承土地，有良好的社會(huì)背景和文明的禮儀，是少數(shù)說(shuō)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)純正英式發(fā)音的一群人，大多在類似伊頓公學(xué)的學(xué)校讀書。
II、Formal classification 正式分類
先參考以下兩個(gè)時(shí)代
20世紀(jì)
21世紀(jì)
接下來(lái)重點(diǎn)解讀2013年， BBC經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)16萬(wàn)英格蘭當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾{(diào)查后的結(jié)果
BBC Lab UK study（2013）The BBC Lab UK study
(2013) suggests that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural:
?economic capital - income, savings, house value
?social capital - the number and status of people someone knows.
?cultural capital -the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities.
等級(jí)分類跨越三個(gè)維度——經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)和文化
經(jīng)濟(jì)資本——收入，存款，房屋價(jià)值
社會(huì)資本——社交圈的人數(shù)和地位
文化資本——文化興趣與活動(dòng)的范疇和特性
綜合考慮以上三個(gè)維度，請(qǐng)?jiān)谝韵路诸愔袑?duì)號(hào)入座
以上七個(gè)階級(jí)在社會(huì)中占有比例如下：
下圖為年收入、工作種類、教育水平、居住地點(diǎn)和文化背景的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖。
這節(jié)課給我最大的啟示，是英國(guó)人對(duì)于社交和文化的重視。我想這是我們需要借鑒的地方，從小培養(yǎng)我們的孩子在藝術(shù)和生活中尋找快樂(lè)，才不至于在日漸富足的社會(huì)形勢(shì)下迷失方向，逐漸失去對(duì)生活的熱情。興趣愛(ài)好的培養(yǎng)，是一個(gè)人最大的精神財(cái)富。當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)了洗盡鉛華之后的享受孤獨(dú)，才會(huì)真正收獲快樂(lè)與滿足。
