1、顯示/etc目錄下，以非字母開頭，后面跟了一個(gè)字母以及其它任意長(zhǎng)度任意字符的文件或目錄
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/8A{:
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# touch /etc/6a~
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# touch /etc/445.tar
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# ls -a? /etc/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]* -a
/etc/6a~
/etc/8A{::
.? ..
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# ls /etc/[^[:alpha:]]* -dl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 28 20:23 /etc/445.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 28 20:23 /etc/6a~
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Mar 28 20:23 /etc/8A{:
2、復(fù)制/etc目錄下所有以p開頭，以非數(shù)字結(jié)尾的文件或目錄到/tmp/mytest11目錄中
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# cp -rv /etc/p*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1
‘/etc/pam.d’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d’
‘/etc/pam.d/config-util’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/config-util’
‘/etc/pam.d/other’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/other’
‘/etc/pam.d/chfn’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/chfn’
‘/etc/pam.d/chsh’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/chsh’
‘/etc/pam.d/login’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/login’
‘/etc/pam.d/remote’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/remote’
‘/etc/pam.d/runuser’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/runuser’
‘/etc/pam.d/runuser-l’ -> ‘/tmp/mytest1/pam.d/runuser-l’
3、將/etc/issue文件中的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# cat /etc/issue
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# cat /etc/issue|tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' > /tmp/issue.out
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# cat /tmp/issue.out
\S
KERNEL \R ON AN \M
4、請(qǐng)總結(jié)描述用戶和組管理類命令的使用方法并完成以下練習(xí)：
用戶：
用戶創(chuàng)建：useradd
用戶屬性修改：usermod
刪除用戶：userdel
查看用戶相關(guān)的ID信息：id
切換用戶或以其他用戶身份執(zhí)行命令：su
設(shè)置密碼：passwd
修改用戶密碼策略：chage
組：
創(chuàng)建組：groupadd
修改組：groupmod
刪除組：groupdel
更改組密碼：gpasswd
更改和查看組成員：groupmems
1）創(chuàng)建組distro，其GID為2019；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# groupadd -g 2019 distro
2）創(chuàng)建用戶mandriva，其ID號(hào)為1005；基本組為distro；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# useradd -u 1005 -g 2019 mandriva
3）創(chuàng)建用戶mageia，其ID號(hào)為1100，家目錄為/home/linux；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia
4）給用戶mageia添加密碼，密碼為mageedu，并設(shè)置用戶密碼7天后過期
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# echo "mageedu"|passwd --stdin mageia
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# passwd -x 7 mageia
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# chage -l mageia
root@k8s02-master01 ~]# getent shadow mageia
mageia:$6$YhrmHSPu$5q2/ntwz3Ft6TLnWEDaaT7OnONH0u97v.9W4JLiQjwoiygJ19N7nnCxBh.9DyLFvpB9iEoIxiRqt8vVaJGqON0:18714:0:7:7:::
5）刪除mandriva，但保留其家目錄；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# userdel mandriva
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# ls /home/
linux? mandriva? www
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# id mandriva
id: mandriva: no such user
6）創(chuàng)建用戶slackware，其ID號(hào)為2002，基本組為distro，附加組peguin；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# groupadd peguin
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# useradd -u 2002 -g 2019 -G peguin slackware
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
7）修改slackware的默認(rèn)shell為/bin/tcsh；
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# getent passwd slackware
slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
8）為用戶slackware新增附加組admins，并設(shè)置不可登陸
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# groupadd admins
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# getent group admins || groupadd admins;usermod -aG admins -s /sbin/nologin slackware
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)
5、創(chuàng)建用戶user1、user2、user3，在/data目錄下創(chuàng)建目錄test
1）目錄/data/test屬主、屬組為user1
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# echo user{1..3}|xargs -n1 useradd
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/test
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# chown -R user1:user1 /data/test
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# ll /data
total 0
drwx--x--x 14 root? root? 182 Feb 23 09:04 docker
drwxr-xr-x? 2 user1 user1? 6 Mar 28 21:06 test
2）在目錄屬主、屬組不變的情況下，user2對(duì)文件有讀寫權(quán)限
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# setfacl -m u:user2:rw- /data/test
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# getfacl /data/test
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: data/test
# owner: user1
# group: user1
user::rwx
user:user2:rw-
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
3）user1在/data/test目錄下創(chuàng)建文件a1.sh，a2.sh，a3.sh，a4.sh，設(shè)置所有用戶都不可刪除1.sh，2.sh文件、除了user1及root之外，所有用戶都不可刪除a3.sh，a4.sh
[root@k8s02-master01 ~]# cd /data/test/
[root@k8s02-master01 test]# su user1
[user1@k8s02-master01 test]$ touch a{1..4}.sh
[user1@k8s02-master01 test]$ ll
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Mar 28 21:10 a1.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Mar 28 21:10 a2.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Mar 28 21:10 a3.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Mar 28 21:10 a4.sh
[user1@k8s02-master01 test]$ chattr +i a1.sh a2.sh
chattr: Operation not permitted while setting flags on a1.sh
chattr: Operation not permitted while setting flags on a2.sh
[user1@k8s02-master01 test]$ exit
exit
[root@k8s02-master01 test]# chattr +i a1.sh a2.sh
[root@k8s02-master01 test]# lsattr
----i----------- ./a1.sh
----i----------- ./a2.sh
---------------- ./a3.sh
---------------- ./a4.sh
[root@k8s02-master01 test]# cd ..
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# chmod o+t test
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# ll -d test/
drwxrwxr-t+ 2 user1 user1 58 Mar 28 21:10 test/
4）user3增加附加組user1，同時(shí)要求user1不能訪問/data/test目錄及其下所有文件
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# id user3
uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3)
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# usermod -aG user1 user3
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# id user3
uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3),2003(user1)
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# setfacl -m u:user1:- /data/test/
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# getfacl /data/test/
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: data/test/
# owner: user1
# group: user1
# flags: --t
user::rwx
user:user1:---
user:user2:rw-
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
5）清理/data/test目錄及其下所有文件的ad權(quán)限
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# setfacl -b /data/test*
[root@k8s02-master01 data]# getfacl /data/test/
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: data/test/
# owner: user1
# group: user1
# flags: --t
user::rwx
group::r-x
other::r-x
