實(shí)操 netty 搭建web socket 一條龍服務(wù)

netty簡(jiǎn)介

Netty是由JBOSS提供的一個(gè)java開(kāi)源框架。Netty提供異步的、事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序框架和工具，用以快速開(kāi)發(fā)高性能、高可靠性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器和客戶(hù)端程序。Netty是基于Java NIO實(shí)現(xiàn)的異步通信框架，其主要特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)單，要比原生的JavaNIO開(kāi)發(fā)方便很多，同時(shí)Netty封裝了大量好用的組件，方便開(kāi)發(fā)。源碼地址：https://github.com/netty/netty，下面就用netty官方給出的websocket服務(wù)demo改動(dòng)而來(lái)，嵌入在spring-boot工程里面，直接開(kāi)搞

引入netty依賴(lài)

在pom.xml 里面添加netty依賴(lài)

<dependency>
     <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
     <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
     <version>4.1.77.Final</version>
     <type>pom</type>
</dependency>

jwt依賴(lài)

<dependency>
      <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
      <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

socket server主類(lèi)


import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Slf4j
public class WebSocketServer implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Value("${lk.socket.port:7011}")
    private Integer socketPort;

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        // 獲取Reactor線(xiàn)程池
        // 主線(xiàn)程
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        // 工作線(xiàn)程
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // 用NIO selector 接受新的連接
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) // 日志級(jí)別
                    .childHandler(new WebSocketServerInitializer()); // 自定義業(yè)務(wù)hander
          
          // bootstrap 還可以設(shè)置TCP參數(shù)，根據(jù)需要可以分別設(shè)置主線(xiàn)程池和從線(xiàn)程池參數(shù)，來(lái)優(yōu)化服務(wù)端性能。
        // 其中主線(xiàn)程池使用option方法來(lái)設(shè)置，從線(xiàn)程池使用childOption方法設(shè)置。
        // backlog表示主線(xiàn)程池中在套接口排隊(duì)的最大數(shù)量，隊(duì)列由未連接隊(duì)列（三次握手未完成的）和已連接隊(duì)列
        //.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 5)
        // 表示連接?；?，相當(dāng)于心跳機(jī)制，默認(rèn)為7200s
        //.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
            Channel ch = b.bind(socketPort).sync().channel();
            log.info("websocket server has been started at port {}",socketPort);
            ch.closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

這里大部分都是固定寫(xiě)法，只有WebSocketServerInitializer類(lèi)是需要我們自定義自己業(yè)務(wù)的

WebSocketServerInitializer類(lèi)

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.extensions.compression.WebSocketServerCompressionHandler;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;

/**
 */
public class WebSocketServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    public static final String WEBSOCKET_PATH = "/websocket";

    @Override
    public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        // 職責(zé)鏈模式，添加需要處理的Handler
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());// http編解碼器，websocket 本身是基于http協(xié)議的
        pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536)); // http的 chunked 的消息聚合為完成的請(qǐng)求FullHttpRequest，內(nèi)容最大長(zhǎng)度65535
        pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerCompressionHandler()); // WebSocket 數(shù)據(jù)壓縮擴(kuò)展
        pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketSecurityHandler()); // 權(quán)限校驗(yàn)hander 根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)需求可選
        // WebSocket 握手、控制幀處理
        pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(WEBSOCKET_PATH, null, true));
        // 通道業(yè)務(wù)處理hander
        pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketFrameHandler());
        // 心跳空閑檢測(cè)設(shè)置
        pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(600,600,3600));
        // 心跳空閑事件處理
        pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());

    }
}

HttpServerCodec、HttpObjectAggregator、WebSocketServerCompressionHandler、WebSocketServerProtocolHandler、IdleStateHandler 這些hander都是netty默認(rèn)自帶的處理器，WebSocketSecurityHandler、WebSocketFrameHandler、HeartBeatHandler 這些都是需要根據(jù)我們自己的業(yè)務(wù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)的hander，一個(gè)個(gè)來(lái)，show me the code

WebSocketSecurityHandler 權(quán)限校驗(yàn)

為什么需要權(quán)限校驗(yàn)?zāi)兀?/p>

  1. 對(duì)客戶(hù)端的合法性進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)，不合法的客戶(hù)端在握手階段就可以?huà)仐?/li>
  2. 客戶(hù)端帶著token過(guò)來(lái)，我們可以識(shí)別是哪個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)client，這個(gè)client需要跟我們的業(yè)務(wù)綁定

http協(xié)議升級(jí)為websocket協(xié)議的過(guò)程中會(huì)通過(guò)WebSocketSecurityHandler 校驗(yàn)


import cn.hutool.core.map.MapUtil;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;

@Slf4j
public class WebSocketSecurityHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
      
        // 解析客戶(hù)端的帶上來(lái)的queryString websocket連接字符串：ws://127.0.0.1:7011/websocket?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2NTQ2NjA1MTEsInVzZXJJZCI6Ind1Z2FuZ2xpIn0.e17O09aD8WrzfwA7UGkwVIByQGuElKyFsAZlrYueH55FiCUjgLcDmXPz7nAuyPfUpswQKPVCC9lx5q0hXdJAeQ
      // 客戶(hù)端連接字符串由服務(wù)端業(yè)務(wù)接口下發(fā)
        Map<String, String> paramMap = getUrlParams(request.uri());
        String token = paramMap.get("token");
        // 這里我們用的jwt生成的token
        String userId = JwtUtil.validateToken(token);
        if (userId != null) {
            log.info("token校驗(yàn)通過(guò)，user id:" + userId);
            request.setUri(WebSocketServerInitializer.WEBSOCKET_PATH);
            // 客戶(hù)端業(yè)務(wù)id放入header，以便后續(xù)業(yè)務(wù)綁定，也可以直接放到channel，ctx.channel().attr(AttributeKey).set(userId);
            request.headers().set("userId", userId);
            // 校驗(yàn)通過(guò)之后，傳遞到下一個(gè)hander處理
            ctx.fireChannelRead(request.retain());
            // 只是首次校驗(yàn)，之后消息傳遞不需要權(quán)限校驗(yàn)
            ctx.pipeline().remove(WebSocketSecurityHandler.class);
        } else {
            log.error("user id " + userId + "token校驗(yàn)不通過(guò)");
            ctx.close();
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
        log.error("error：\r\n" + cause.toString());
    }

    private static Map<String, String> getUrlParams(String url) {
        Map<String, String> map = MapUtil.newHashMap(10);
        url = url.replace(SeparatorEnum.QUESTION.getCode(), SeparatorEnum.SEMICOLON.getCode());
        if (!url.contains(SeparatorEnum.SEMICOLON.getCode())) {
            return map;
        }
        if (url.split(SeparatorEnum.SEMICOLON.getCode()).length > 0) {
            String[] arr = url.split(SeparatorEnum.SEMICOLON.getCode())[1].split(SeparatorEnum.AND.getCode());
            for (String s : arr) {
                String key = s.split(SeparatorEnum.EQUALS.getCode())[0];
                String value = s.split(SeparatorEnum.EQUALS.getCode())[1];
                map.put(key, value);
            }
            return map;

        } else {
            return map;
        }
    }
}

WebSocketFrameHandler WebSocket通道處理器


import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.*;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class WebSocketFrameHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<WebSocketFrame> {

    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        log.info("new connection");
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        String userId = SocketUtil.getChannelClientId(ctx.channel());
        log.info("disconnect: {}", userId);
        ChannelHolder.removeChannel(userId);
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) throws Exception {

        if (frame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame) {
            CloseWebSocketFrame closeFrame = (CloseWebSocketFrame) frame;
            log.info("client id: {},close reason:{} ", ctx.channel().id().asShortText(), closeFrame.reasonText());
            return;
        }
        if (frame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame) {
            ctx.write(new PongWebSocketFrame(frame.content().retain()));
            return;
        }

        if (frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame) {
            String request = ((TextWebSocketFrame) frame).text();
            log.info("client_id:{} channel id:{} input:{}", SocketUtil.getChannelClientId(ctx.channel()),ctx.channel().id().asShortText() ,request);
          // 心跳包固定回復(fù)OK
            if ("Heartbeat Packet".equals(request)) {
                ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("ok"));
            } else {
              // 非心跳包的處理，根據(jù)自己業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展
                ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("hello js!!!"));
            }
            return;
        }
        if (frame instanceof BinaryWebSocketFrame) {
            ctx.write(frame.retain());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
      // 握手完成事件，表示http協(xié)議成功升級(jí)為websockt協(xié)議
        if (evt instanceof WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete) {
            WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete handshakeCompletedEvent = (WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete) evt;
            // 握手請(qǐng)求頭
            HttpHeaders headers = handshakeCompletedEvent.requestHeaders();
            String userId = headers.get("userId");
            channel.attr(SocketUtil.userIdKey).set(userId);
            log.info("client id: {},HandshakeComplete", userId);
            log.info("request headers:{}", headers);
            ChannelHolder.addChannel(userId, channel);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
        log.error("error：\r\n" + cause.toString());
    }


}

HeartBeatHandler心跳處理器

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;


@Slf4j
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
        if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
            IdleStateEvent idleStateEvent = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
            Channel channel = ctx.channel();
            String clientId = SocketUtil.getChannelClientId(channel);
             // 讀空閑
            if (idleStateEvent.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
                log.info("client:{} READER_IDLE...", clientId);
              // 寫(xiě)空閑
            } else if (idleStateEvent.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
                log.info("client:{} WRITER_IDLE...", clientId);
              // 讀寫(xiě)空閑
            } else if (idleStateEvent.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
                log.info("client:{} ALL_IDLE...", clientId);
                SocketUtil.closeChannel(channel);
            }
        }
    }

觸發(fā)讀空閑、寫(xiě)空閑、讀寫(xiě)空閑事件是根據(jù)

   // 心跳空閑檢測(cè)設(shè)置
    pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(600,600,3600));

設(shè)置的空閑時(shí)間來(lái)觸發(fā)?？梢栽谑录锩孀鱿鄳?yīng)的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯

ChannelHolder

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;


// 管理客戶(hù)端通道連接類(lèi)
public class ChannelHolder {

    public static Map<String, SocketChannel> channelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    public static void addChannel(String clientId, SocketChannel channel){
        channelMap.put(clientId, channel);
    }

    public static Map<String, SocketChannel> getChannels(){
        return channelMap;
    }

    public static SocketChannel getChannel(String clientId){
        return channelMap.get(clientId);
    }

    public static void removeChannel(String clientId){
        channelMap.remove(clientId);
    }
    public static int getSize(){

        return channelMap.size();

    }

}

JsonUtil json工具類(lèi)


import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class JsonUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtil.class);

    public static String toString(Object o) {
        try {
            return (getMapper().writeValueAsString(o));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error writing json object: {}", e.getMessage());
        }
        return "";
    }

    public static <T> T fromString(String s, Class<T> cls) {

        try {
            return getMapper().readValue(s, cls);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error parse string to json object: {}", e.getMessage());
        }

        return null;
    }

    public static <T> T fromString(String s, TypeReference<T> typeReference) {

        try {
            return getMapper().readValue(s, typeReference);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error parse string to json object: {}", e.getMessage());
        }

        return null;
    }

    private static ObjectMapper mapper;

    public static ObjectMapper getMapper() {
        if (mapper == null) {
            mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            mapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"));
        }
        return mapper;
    }

    public static void configureDateFormatString() {
        getMapper().configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        getMapper().setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
    }

    public static void configureTimeZone(TimeZone timeZone) {
        getMapper().setTimeZone(timeZone);
    }

}

JwtUtil

package com.mdkw.likang.websocket;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;


public class JwtUtil {

    private static long EXPIRATION_TIME = 3600000L;

    private static String SECRET = "#V8o8cpr&xql&@uP";

    /**
     * 生成jwtToken
     *
     * @param userId
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateToken(String userId) {
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        // you can put any data in the map
        map.put("userId", userId);
        String jwt = Jwts.builder().setClaims(map).setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET).compact();
        return jwt;
    }

    /**
     * 校驗(yàn)jwtToken
     *
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static String validateToken(String token) {
        if (token != null) {
            Map<String, Object> body = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
            String username = (String) (body.get("userId"));
            if (username == null || username.isEmpty()) {
                return null;
            } else {
                return username;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static long getEXPIRATION_TIME() {
        return JwtUtil.EXPIRATION_TIME;
    }


    static class TokenValidationException extends RuntimeException {
        /**
         *
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7946690694369283250L;

        public TokenValidationException(String msg) {
            super(msg);
        }
    }
}

SeparatorEnum


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;


@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum SeparatorEnum {
    /**
     * 逗號(hào)
     */
    COMMA(","),
    SLASH("/"),
    LINE("\\|"),
    QUESTION("?"),
    SEMICOLON(";"),
    EQUALS("="),
    POUND("#"),
    MINUS("-"),
    AND("&"),
    UNDERLINE("_"),
    SPOT("."),
    SPOT_E("\\."),
    APOSTROPHE("'"),
    PERCENTAGE("%"),
    GT(">")
    ;

    /**
     * 值
     */
    public final String code;
}

SocketUtil 封裝的工具類(lèi)，供業(yè)務(wù)端掉用

package com.mdkw.likang.websocket;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class SocketUtil {

    public static AttributeKey<String> userIdKey = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");

    public static <T> void pushMsgToOne(String id, T content) {
        SocketChannel channel = ChannelHolder.getChannel(id);
        if (channel == null) {
            log.error("channel {} does not exist",id);
            return;
        }
        ChannelMsg<T> channelMsg = ChannelMsg.newInstance(content);
        send(channel, channelMsg);
    }

    private static <T> void send(SocketChannel channel, ChannelMsg<T> channelMsg) {
        String userId = getChannelClientId(channel);
        if (channel.isActive()) {
            channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtil.toString(channelMsg))).addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture -> {
                if (channelFuture.isSuccess()) {
                    log.info("send msg to user:{} successful,content:{}",userId,JsonUtil.toString(channelMsg));
                } else {
                    log.info("send msg to user:{} failed,content:{}",userId,JsonUtil.toString(channelMsg));
                    closeChannel(channel);
                }
            });
        } else {
            closeChannel(channel);
        }
    }

    public static void closeChannel(Channel channel) {
        channel.close();
        String userId = getChannelClientId(channel);
        ChannelHolder.removeChannel(userId);
    }

    public static String getChannelClientId(Channel channel) {
        return channel.attr(userIdKey).get();
    }

    public static <T> void pushMsgToAll(T msg) {
        ChannelHolder.getChannels().values().forEach((channel) -> {
            ChannelMsg<T> channelMsg = ChannelMsg.newInstance(msg);
            send(channel, channelMsg);
        });

    }
}

js客戶(hù)端


<html><head><title>Web Socket Test</title></head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var socket;
if (!window.WebSocket) {
  window.WebSocket = window.MozWebSocket;
}
if (window.WebSocket) {
  // 連接地址修改為自己的真實(shí)地址，一般為業(yè)務(wù)接口提供
  socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:7011/websocket?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2NTQ2NjA1MTEsInVzZXJJZCI6Ind1Z2FuZ2xpIn0.e17O09aD8WrzfwA7UGkwVIByQGuElKyFsAZlrYueH55FiCUjgLcDmXPz7nAuyPfUpswQKPVCC9lx5q0hXdJAeQ");
  socket.onmessage = function(event) {
    var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
    ta.value = ta.value + '\n' + event.data
  };
  socket.onopen = function(event) {
    var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
    ta.value = "Web Socket opened!";
    setInterval("keepalive()", 5000);

  };
  socket.onclose = function(event) {
    var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
    ta.value = ta.value + "Web Socket closed"; 
  };
} else {
  alert("Your browser does not support Web Socket.");
}

function send(message) {
  if (!window.WebSocket) { return; }
  if (socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN) {
    socket.send(message);
  } else {
    alert("The socket is not open.");
  }
}

function keepalive(){
 var dataContent = "Heartbeat Packet";
  // 發(fā)送心跳
  socket.send(dataContent);

}

</script>
<form onsubmit="return false;">
<input type="text" name="message" value="Hello, World!"/><input type="button" value="Send Web Socket Data"
       onclick="send(this.form.message.value)" />
<h3>Output</h3>
<textarea id="responseText" style="width:500px;height:300px;"></textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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