在使用python爬蟲爬取數(shù)據(jù)的時候，經(jīng)常會遇到一些網(wǎng)站的反爬蟲措施，一般就是針對于headers中的User-Agent，如果沒有對headers進(jìn)行設(shè)置，User-Agent會聲明自己是python腳本,而如果網(wǎng)站有反爬蟲的想法的話，必然會拒絕這樣的連接。而修改headers可以將自己的爬蟲腳本偽裝成瀏覽器的正常訪問，來避免這一問題。

設(shè)置方法
使用urllib請求頁面時

import urllib, urllib2
def get_page_source(url):
    headers = {'Accept': '*/*',
               'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8',
               'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
               'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36',
               'Connection': 'keep-alive',
               'Referer': 'http://www.baidu.com/'
               }
    req = urllib2.Request(url, None, headers)
    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
    page_source = response.read()
    return page_source

使用phantomjs請求頁面

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
def get_headers_driver():
    desire = DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS.copy()
    headers = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
               'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,ja;q=0.4',
               'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
               'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
                             '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36',
               'Connection': 'keep-alive',
               'Referer': 'http://www.ziroom.com/?utm_source=pinzhuan&utm_medium=baidu&utm_campaign=biaoti'
               }
    for key, value in headers.iteritems():
        desire['phantomjs.page.customHeaders.{}'.format(key)] = value
    driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=desire, service_args=['--load-images=yes'])#將yes改成no可以讓瀏覽器不加載圖片
    return driver