那些年學習Linux，你被坑過的故障集合？
一. 文件和目錄類
1.1 File exist 文件已經(jīng)存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File existsmkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
無法 創(chuàng)建 目錄 因為這個目錄已經(jīng)存在
1.2 No such file or directory 沒有這個文件或目錄(這個東西不存在)
沒有這個目錄:文件或路徑書寫錯誤
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
mkdir命令本身問題:mkdir 命令默認只能創(chuàng)建1層目錄 創(chuàng)建多層報錯
-p解決
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
touch命令只能創(chuàng)建文件,目錄不存在則會報錯
解決:先創(chuàng)建目錄,再創(chuàng)建文件
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/oldboy.txt[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txttouch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
排錯思路：
1、ls命令檢查對應的目錄是否存在?
2、目錄不存在 先創(chuàng)建目錄在創(chuàng)建文件/
1.3 command not found 命令找不到(沒有這個命令)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy-bash: mkdiy: command not found
1.書寫錯誤
2.沒有安裝
1.4 invalid option 無效的參數(shù)(不可用的參數(shù))
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txttouch: invalid option -- 'p'Try 'touch --help' for more information.
1.5 overwrite 覆蓋
cp 復制如果已經(jīng)存在這個文件會提示是否覆蓋
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
1.6 remove regular empty file 是否刪除普通文件(空的)?
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txtrm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
1.7 is a directory xxx是一個目錄
rm 默認無法刪除目錄
解決:加上-r 或-rf
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
vi命令中 使用vi編輯目錄也會報錯
"/oldboy"E502: "/oldboy" is a directoryPress ENTER or type command to continue
1.8 descend into directory 是否進入目錄
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? yrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? nrm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
1.9 Invalid level 無效的層數(shù),層數(shù)必須大于0
注意參數(shù)位置
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 / tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
1.10 Can't open file for writing 無法打開這個文件
vi中 如果目錄不存在就會提示
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt""/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writingPress ENTER or type command to continue
1.11 No write since last change
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override) 粘包賴(你修改了內(nèi)容就無法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
1.12 xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了，無法完全顯示
這是w的坑 空間太小施展不開.
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# ww: 39 column window is too narrow
二. 網(wǎng)絡連接類
2.1 遠程連接錯誤 Connection Failed 連接失敗
使用Xshell遠程連接失敗提示,檢查端口是否開啟或正確
[c:\~]$ Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
使用telnet測試端口是否打開
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233 Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口沒有開啟Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
端口開啟
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...Connection established. #端口開啟To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4Protocol mismatch.Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.[c:\~]$
2.2 yum安裝軟件故障提示 Could not resolve host無法解析主機
Could not resolve host無法解析主機
主要是系統(tǒng)能否上網(wǎng)和DNS問題.
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"Trying other mirror.
2.3 yum安裝軟件提示:Nothing to do (沒事做)
有兩種情況:
情況1:軟件已經(jīng)安裝并且最新如下:
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versiontree軟件包已經(jīng)安裝并且是最新版本Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versionPackage 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest versionNothing to do
情況2:軟件名字寫錯或沒有配置yum源導致找不到這個軟件包
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cnbase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 No package treea available. #沒有找到叫treea的軟件包Error: Nothing to do
2.4 Name or service not known 域名無法識別(無法上網(wǎng))
原因：
1：DNS配置錯誤原因
2：Linux無法上網(wǎng)原因
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known 域名無法識別（無法將域名---->ip地址)
三. 修改系統(tǒng)基礎配置類
3.1 重啟網(wǎng)卡報錯 device not present
[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
查看詳細錯誤原因
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho: ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]: Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
3.2 修改主機名過程中,命令行中主機名沒有變化
1# hostname命令修改主機名(臨時 重啟服務器之后失效)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostnameoldboyedu59[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
2# 修改文件內(nèi)容(寫合同 永久 重啟服務器之后生效)
vim /etc/hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
3# 檢查
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostnameoldboyedu59-lnb[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
命令行中的主機名部分沒有改變?
解決：重新登錄下即可(斷開連接，重新連接)
[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#
