模擬延遲傳輸簡(jiǎn)介

netem

netem 是 Linux 2.6 及以上內(nèi)核版本提供的一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬功能模塊。該功能模塊可以用來(lái)在性能良好的局域網(wǎng)中,模擬出復(fù)雜的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳輸性能,諸如低帶寬、傳輸延遲、丟包等等情況。使用 Linux 2.6 (或以上) 版本內(nèi)核的很多發(fā)行版 Linux 都開啟了該內(nèi)核功能,比如 Fedora、Ubuntu、Redhat、OpenSuse、CentOS、Debian 等等。

tc

tc是Linux 系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)工具,全名為 traffic control(流量控制)。tc 可以用來(lái)控制 netem 的工作模式,也就是說(shuō),如果想使用 netem ,需要至少兩個(gè)條件,一個(gè)是內(nèi)核中的 netem 功能被包含,另一個(gè)是要有 tc 。

查看網(wǎng)卡信息

常用網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息查看指令ifconfig

Linux機(jī)器為：
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
enp4s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.216.8.16  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 10.216.15.255
        inet6 fe80::2a19:67f:fd7b:f6f6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether c8:d3:ff:ba:c8:6e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 303591  bytes 24430143 (23.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2383  bytes 422970 (413.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Mac機(jī)器為：
jc@jc:~$ ifconfig
en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    ether a4:5e:60:ed:37:3d
    inet 10.242.23.215 netmask 0xffff0000 broadcast 10.242.255.255
    media: autoselect
    status: active

如上圖，輸入指令ifconfig后輸出若干網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息，如Linux的網(wǎng)卡信息為enp3s0， mac機(jī)器的網(wǎng)卡信息為en0。備注一般看下inet參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的，即為網(wǎng)卡型號(hào)。

模擬延遲傳輸

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc add dev DEV root netem delay 100ms
其中tc qdisc add為固定命令格式
使用tc enp3s0網(wǎng)卡進(jìn)行延遲傳輸，配置命令如下：

[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show 
qdisc noqueue 0: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev virbr0 root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev virbr0-nic root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev docker0 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-4bc03776afc3 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-69d033945dee root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-9440cbbd9b61 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-a07abf9888d5 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth1aa4b64 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth0d4b251 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev vethe73ce26 root refcnt 2
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem delay 100ms
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show
qdisc noqueue 0: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc netem 8003: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000 delay 100.0ms
qdisc noqueue 0: dev virbr0 root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev virbr0-nic root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev docker0 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-4bc03776afc3 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-69d033945dee root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-9440cbbd9b61 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-a07abf9888d5 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth1aa4b64 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth0d4b251 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev vethe73ce26 root refcnt 2

tc qdisc show:查看現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)卡的所有配置
tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem delay 100ms:對(duì)網(wǎng)卡進(jìn)行設(shè)置，模擬100ms延遲
qdisc netem 8003: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000 delay 100.0ms：模擬延遲的配置結(jié)果
配置前后網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲對(duì)比
Linux服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)情況如下：

#網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲設(shè)置前
jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=3.109 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=4.086 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=3.001 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=4.364 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=3.627 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=3.662 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=2.217 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.217/3.438/4.364/0.671 ms

#網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲設(shè)置后
jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=103.129 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=102.081 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=102.759 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=103.481 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=103.044 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=102.210 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=102.389 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=7 ttl=60 time=103.228 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 8 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 102.081/102.790/103.481/0.481 ms

可通過(guò)ping命令發(fā)現(xiàn)，網(wǎng)路有明顯的100ms延遲

刪除網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc del dev DEV root netem delay 100ms
其中tc qdisc del為固定命令格式

[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show
qdisc noqueue 0: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc netem 8003: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000 delay 100.0ms
qdisc noqueue 0: dev virbr0 root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev virbr0-nic root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev docker0 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-4bc03776afc3 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-69d033945dee root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-9440cbbd9b61 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-a07abf9888d5 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth1aa4b64 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth0d4b251 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev vethe73ce26 root refcnt 2
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc del dev enp4s0 root  netem delay 100ms
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show
qdisc noqueue 0: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev virbr0 root refcnt 2
qdisc pfifo_fast 0: dev virbr0-nic root refcnt 2 bands 3 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc noqueue 0: dev docker0 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-4bc03776afc3 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-69d033945dee root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-9440cbbd9b61 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev br-a07abf9888d5 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth1aa4b64 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev veth0d4b251 root refcnt 2
qdisc noqueue 0: dev vethe73ce26 root refcnt 2

tc qdisc show:查看現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)卡的所有配置
tc qdisc del dev enp4s0 root netem delay 100ms: 刪除enp4s0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的100ms延遲配置

模擬丟包

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem loss 50%
丟包命令配置

#設(shè)置50%的丟包率
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem loss 50%
#查看50%的丟包率是否配置正確
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show dev enp4s0
qdisc netem 8005: root refcnt 2 limit 1000 loss 50%

ping查看是否配置成功

#配置丟包前
jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=1.680 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=5.192 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=3.715 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=4.588 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=2.856 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=2.206 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=4.099 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=7 ttl=60 time=3.201 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 8 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 1.680/3.442/5.192/1.113 ms

#配置丟包后
jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=2.771 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=5.864 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 2
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=2.954 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=3.155 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 5
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=2.051 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=7 ttl=60 time=3.847 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 8
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=9 ttl=60 time=2.982 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 30.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.051/3.375/5.864/1.129 ms

發(fā)現(xiàn)配置丟包后，有30%的概率出現(xiàn)超時(shí)，即丟包，雖然與配置的50%有所差距，但的確達(dá)到了丟包超時(shí)的目的

模擬重復(fù)包

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem duplicate 50%

[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem duplicate 20%
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show dev enp4s0
qdisc netem 8006: root refcnt 2 limit 1000 duplicate 20%

tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem duplicate 20%：設(shè)置重復(fù)包率20%
設(shè)置20%重復(fù)包率，ping對(duì)應(yīng)的服務(wù)如下：

jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=2.860 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=6.321 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=6.341 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=3.431 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=3.446 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=4.553 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=4.572 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=2.474 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, +3 duplicates, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.474/4.250/6.341/1.381 ms

模擬包損壞

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root nemet corrupt 20%
如下代碼顯示，設(shè)置20%錯(cuò)誤包率，設(shè)置成功確認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)配置

[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem corrupt 20%
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show dev enp4s0
qdisc netem 8007: root refcnt 2 limit 1000 corrupt 20%

ping ip發(fā)現(xiàn)27%的請(qǐng)求超時(shí)，說(shuō)明模擬包損害有效

jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=1.924 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 1
Request timeout for icmp_seq 2
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=2.925 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=2.816 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=3.075 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 6
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=7 ttl=60 time=2.878 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=8 ttl=60 time=2.699 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=9 ttl=60 time=2.969 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=10 ttl=60 time=2.782 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
11 packets transmitted, 8 packets received, 27.3% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 1.924/2.759/3.075/0.334 ms

模擬包亂序

基本命令形式：
tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem delay 100ms reorder 25% 50%
該命令將enp4s0網(wǎng)卡的傳輸設(shè)置為:有25%的數(shù)據(jù)包（50%相關(guān)）會(huì)被立即發(fā)送，其他的延遲10ms
命令設(shè)置如下：

[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root netem delay 100ms reorder 25% 50%
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show dev enp4s0
qdisc netem 8008: root refcnt 2 limit 1000 delay 100.0ms reorder 25% 50% gap 1

ping ip結(jié)果如下，發(fā)現(xiàn)4/16=25%的請(qǐng)求5ms內(nèi)立刻返回，其余75%請(qǐng)求耗時(shí)100ms

jc@jc:~$ ping 10.216.8.16
PING 10.216.8.16 (10.216.8.16): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=0 ttl=60 time=104.439 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=103.857 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=103.842 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=102.541 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=103.499 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=103.394 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=103.950 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=7 ttl=60 time=104.413 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=8 ttl=60 time=103.290 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=9 ttl=60 time=189.894 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=10 ttl=60 time=103.297 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=11 ttl=60 time=3.160 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=12 ttl=60 time=2.708 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=13 ttl=60 time=4.405 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=14 ttl=60 time=103.261 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=15 ttl=60 time=104.344 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.16: icmp_seq=16 ttl=60 time=2.856 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.16 ping statistics ---
17 packets transmitted, 17 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.708/85.126/189.894/49.649 ms

指定IP延遲

Linux流量控制主要分為建立隊(duì)列，建立分類和建立過(guò)濾器三個(gè)方面

1）.針對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)物理設(shè)備（如eth0，enp4s0）綁定一個(gè)隊(duì)列qdis
2）.在該隊(duì)列上建立分類class
3）.為每一個(gè)分類建立一個(gè)基于路由的過(guò)濾器filter
4）.最后與過(guò)濾器想配合，建立特定的路由表

建立一個(gè)含4class的root隊(duì)列

為網(wǎng)卡enp4s0建立一個(gè)隊(duì)列，隊(duì)列名稱為root，句柄handle為1(這條qdisc下設(shè)4個(gè)class，handle id為1:。在沒(méi)有filter的情況下，tc從IP協(xié)議層收到的包會(huì)根據(jù)IP包頭的TOS（Type of Service）字段進(jìn)入第1～第3個(gè)class（與pfifo_fast規(guī)則相同），第4個(gè)class是沒(méi)用的。下一條命令給他加個(gè)tc規(guī)則)
add dev enp4s0 root handle 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)隊(duì)列，隊(duì)列名為root，句柄名為1
bands 4:創(chuàng)建4個(gè)class分類

tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root handle 1: prio bands 4

設(shè)置分類的操作策略

給root qdisc添加一個(gè)filter，將匹配到的包做200ms的延遲處理。
parent 1:4：為分類的表示，分類策略的句柄hanle40
netem delay 200ms ：超時(shí)200ms

tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 parent 1:4 handle 40: netem delay 200ms

綁定過(guò)濾器filter

給root qdisc添加一個(gè)filter，將發(fā)給指定IP的包都送到第4個(gè)class：
protocol ip：表示該過(guò)濾器應(yīng)該檢查報(bào)文分組的協(xié)議字段
prio 4：表示它們對(duì)報(bào)文處理的優(yōu)先級(jí)
u32 match：u32選擇器(命令中u32后面的部分)來(lái)匹配不同的數(shù)據(jù)流
ip dst 10.242.23.215 :匹配ip
flowid 1:4：把符合匹配規(guī)則的數(shù)據(jù)流分配到類別1:4進(jìn)行處理

tc filter add dev enp4s0  protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 4 u32 match ip dst 10.242.23.215 flowid 1:4

實(shí)踐

操作步驟

#設(shè)置隊(duì)列及分類
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 root handle 1: prio bands 4
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show dev enp4s0
qdisc prio 1: root refcnt 2 bands 4 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

#分類4設(shè)置延時(shí)操作
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc add dev enp4s0 parent 1:4 handle 40: netem delay 200ms
[root@localhost ~]# tc qdisc show
qdisc noqueue 0: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc prio 1: dev enp4s0 root refcnt 2 bands 4 priomap  1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
qdisc netem 40: dev enp4s0 parent 1:4 limit 1000 delay 200ms

#設(shè)置過(guò)濾器，當(dāng)指定ip請(qǐng)求切換為分類4
[root@localhost ~]# tc filter add dev enp4s0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 4 u32 match ip dst 10.242.23.215 flowid 1:4

結(jié)果

ping 10.242.23.215 ：網(wǎng)絡(luò)耗時(shí)為200ms+
ping 10.216.8.202 ：網(wǎng)絡(luò)耗時(shí)1ms
結(jié)論ip耗時(shí)模擬正常

[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.242.23.215
PING 10.242.23.215 (10.242.23.215) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=207 ms
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=294 ms
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=213 ms
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=235 ms
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=257 ms
64 bytes from 10.242.23.215: icmp_seq=6 ttl=60 time=279 ms
^C
--- 10.242.23.215 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5008ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 207.490/248.075/294.789/32.445 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.216.8.202
PING 10.216.8.202 (10.216.8.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.216.8.202: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.873 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.202: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.434 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.202: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.472 ms
64 bytes from 10.216.8.202: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.472 ms
^C
--- 10.216.8.202 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.434/0.562/0.873/0.182 ms

參考文獻(xiàn)
https://www.cnblogs.com/fsw-blog/p/4788036.html

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TC控制流量

模擬延遲傳輸簡(jiǎn)介

netem

tc

查看網(wǎng)卡信息

模擬延遲傳輸

刪除網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置

模擬丟包

模擬重復(fù)包

模擬包損壞

模擬包亂序

指定IP延遲

建立一個(gè)含4class的root隊(duì)列

設(shè)置分類的操作策略

綁定過(guò)濾器filter

實(shí)踐

操作步驟

結(jié)果

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